The Reticuloendothelial System in Health and Disease: Functions and Characteristics

496 Pages·1976·14.869 MB·English

by  I. Carr (auth.), Sherwood M. Reichard, Mario R. Escobar, Herman Friedman (eds.)

The Reticuloendothelial System
in Health and Disease
Functions and Characteristics
ADV ANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Nathan Back State University of New York at Buffalo
N. R. Di Luzio Tulane University School of Medicine
Bernard Halpern College de France and Institute of Immuno·Biology
Ephraim Katchalski The Weizmann Institute of Science
David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute
Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction
Rodolfo Paoletti University of Milan
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Volume 73A
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE:
Functions and Characteristics
Edited by Sherwood M. Reichard, Mario R. Escobar, and Herman Friedman. 1976
Volume 73B
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE:
Immunologic and Pathologic Aspects
Edited by Herman Friedman, Mario R. Escobar, and Sherwood M. Reichard. 1976
Volume 74
IRON AND COPPER PROTEINS
Edited by Kerry T. Yasunobu, Howard F. Mower, and Osamu Hayaishi .1976
The Reticuloendothelial System
in Health and Disease
Functions and Characteristics
Edited by
Sherwood M. Reichard
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta, Georgia
Mario R. Escobar
Medical College of Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
and
Herman Friedman
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The Reticuloendothelial system in health and disease.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; 73A-B)
"Proceedings of the seventh international congress of the Reticuloendothelial Soci
ety and the first scientific meeting of the European Reticuloendothelial Society held
in Pamplona, Spain, September 15-20, 1975."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
CONTENTS: pt. A. Functions and characteristics.-pt. B. Immunologic and patho
logic aspects.
I. Reticulo-endothelial system-Diseases-Congresses. 2. Reticulo-endothelial sys
tem-Congresses. I. Reichard, Sherwood M. II. Escobar, Mario R. III. Friedman,
Herman, 1931- IV. Reticuloendothelial Society. V. European Reticuloendo
thelial Society. VI. Series. [DNLM: 1. Reticuloendothelial system-Congresses. WI
AD559 v. 73 1975/ [WH650 R438 1975])
RC645.5.R48 616.4'1 76-24833
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3299-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3297-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3297-8
Proceedings of the first half of the Seventh International Congress of the
Reticuloendothelial Society and the First Scientific Meeting of the
European Reticuloendothelial Society held in Pamplona, Spain,
September 15-20,1975
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
7TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SOCIETY
and
FIRST SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SOCIETY
Pamplona~ Spain September 15-20~ 1975
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: S. M. Reichard, President; R. A. Good, Vice
President and M. R. Escobar, Secretary General
ADVISORY COMMITTEE: A. C. Allison, G. Astaldi, J. A. Bellanti,
L. A. Chedid, E. L. Dobson, N. B. Everett, M. Feldman, K. E.
Hellstrom, M. Kojima, M. Landy, G. B. Mackaness, S. J. Normann,
G. J. V. Nossal, J. W. Rebuck, F. Rossi, W. G. Spector and G.
J. Thorbecke
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE: H. Friedman, Co-Chairman; W. Th.
Daems, Co-Chairman; L. J. Berry; I. Carr; N. R. Di Luzio; Q. N.
Myrvik; P. Patriarca; A. J. Sbarra; B. Schildt; M. M. Sigel; D.
J. Wilkins
v
This volume is dedicated in deference to the following
pioneer investigators~ honored by the Congress~ whose significant
contributions have triggered the explosive development of our
knowledge of the reticuloendothelial system:
K. K. Y. Akazaki P. Garzon R. T. Prehn
R. E. Billingham J. L. Gowans K. Stern
G. Biozzi J. E. Harris A. E. Stuart
F. M. Burnet J. Da Silva Harris M. Timar
K. B. P. Flemming P. J. Jacques I. Toro
N. K. Jerne
R. Paoletti
vii
Preface
An extraordinary development of the knowledge, concepts and
biomedical applications has occurred during the past two decades
in the biological sciences, including the Reticuloendothelial Sys
tem (RES). For example, it is now widely recognized that distinct
classes of cells are involved in the recognition of "exogenous"
invaders of the body such as microorg~nisms and other foreign an
tigens, as well as of "endogenous" parasites represented by trans
formed neoplastic cells and altered "self" antigens. Prominent
among cell populations involved in such recognition of antigens
and subsequent immune responses are those constituting the RES.
In recent years, there has been much discussion and indeed contro
versy as to what constitutes such a system and even whether the
term "RES" is appropriate. Some investigators feel that the phago
cytes are the most important cells of the RES as they playa major
role in the defense mechanism of the host. Mononuclear phagocytes
include tissue macrophages as well as circulating monocytes and
their precursors. Although phagocytosis is a major functional ac
tivity, it is only one of their several functions. The important
role of phagocytes and other mononuclear cells in antibody forma
tion, cell-mediated immunity, specific and non-specific resistance
to microorganisms and tumor cells, as well as homeostatic adjust
ments in general has become the focus of attention for many inves
tigators.
The Reticuloendothelial Society, which is concerned with the
advancement of knowledge concerning the many diverse functions of
RE cells, organizes national and international meetings and pub
lishes a scientific journal. The Seventh International Congress
of the RES Society was held in Pamplona, Spain, together with the
First Scientific Meeting of the European RES Society on September
15-20, 1975. The Congress had as its scientific objective a wide
range of subjects concerning the RES in health and disease. Spe
cial reference was given to macrophage structure, ontogeny and
classification of cell populations. Emphasis was placed on the
function and biochemistry of macrophages and other cells of the
RES in the modulation of the immune response, their role in tumor
ix
x PREFACE
and transplantation immunology, and their influence in regulating
the growth and function of other cell types. The secretion of
soluble materials by macrophages and lymphocytes and the mode of
action of chemotherapeutic drugs and other agents on RE cell func
tion and immune reactivity were also stressed.
A symposium was presented each morning during the Congress
with five to six internationally renowned biomedical and basic
scientists who discussed specific aspects of the RES in detail.
Each afternoon was devoted to two simultaneous scientific sessions
where short papers were presented on subjects of current interest
and relevance to the RES. Workshops devoted to particularly im
portant phases of the RES were also held. These volumes constitute
the published record of the proceedings of the symposia, the scien
tific paper sessions, and the workshops. However, the written
contributions are not arranged exactly as presented at the Congress,
but rather these two volumes intersperse papers selected for their
current relevance. The first volume includes papers given during
the first half of the Congress and is entitled "Functions and Char
acteristics of the RES". The second volume comprises papers given
during the second half of the Congress and is entitled "Immunologic
and Pathologic Aspects of the RES".
The setting for this meeting was in the magnificent Basque
country of northern Spain. Pamplona, founded in 75 B. C. by
Pompey and captured in 778 by Charlemagne, is a city of great tra
dition and charm. The nine-day Fiesta de San Fermin is still cele
brated by running the bulls through the streets crowded with enthus
iastic spectators. The sidewalk cafes on Plaza de Mayor are fes
tive and reminiscent of the vivid descriptions left by Hemingway.
In contrast, the Universidad de Navarra is a modern, beautifully
furnished and equipped facility, which added the final touch of
perfection to a wonderful Congress.
M. R. Escobar
April, 1976 H. Friedman
S. M. Reichard
Acknowledgments
The editors are indebted to Drs. J. A. Bellanti, N. R.
Di Luzio, R. Evans, A. Oehling, F. Rossi, M. M. Sigel, G. J.
Thorbecke and D. J. Wilkins who chaired the symposia. Many
thanks to Drs. G. W. Gander, N. Harris, A. M. Kaplan, M.
Kojima, G. Lazar, S. S. Lefkowitz, T. J. Linna, E. Ouchi, R.
E. Ritts, H. Schorn and E. Wisse who chaired the short paper
sessions. Gratitude is expressed to Drs. W. Th. Daems, F.
J. Di Carlo, N. B. Everett, K. B. P. Flemming, P. J. Jacques,
P. Patriarca and A. J. Sbarra for their valuable help in
preparing the workshops. In addition, Drs. J. A. Astruc, E.
Bresnick, H. P. Dalton, G. E. Rodriguez and H. M. Syrop
assisted in reviewing some of the manuscripts. This Congress
could not have sucteeded without the financial assistance
from pharmaceutical companies, members of the RE Society and,
especially, the generous donation from the United States
Energy Research and Development Administration. Recognition
is extended to Ms. M. A. Dearing, Ms. G. Browder and Ms. I.
Friedman who shared in the monumental task of typing all the
manuscripts and to Ms. Phyllis Straw of Plenum Publishing
Corporation for her expert editorial advice.
xi
Contents of Part A
Contents of Part B ..•..•.•.•....•....•.•.•.••...•..•••.•.• xxv
Introduction •..•••.••.•••.•.••••••••••••.•.••...••••••..• xxxi
SECTION 1
MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGES
The RES and the Mononuclear Phagocyte System •.•••••••••••.•.•• 3
I. Carr
Structure and Function ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• 4
Relative Usefulness of the Terms RES and MPS •••••••••• 7
References •••.••.••••••.•••••••••••••.••.•••••.••••••• 9
Morphology and Kinetics of Lymphocytes •••••••••••••••••.••••• ll
N. B. Everett and W. D. Perkins
Acknowledgements ..................................... 25
References ........................................... 25
Differences Between Monocyte-Derived and
Tissue Macrophages ••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••.• 27
W. Th. Daems, H. K. Koerten and M. R. Soranzo
Materials and Methods •••••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••••• 28
Results •••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••.••••.•••••.•• 29
Discussion •••.••.••••••••••.••.•.•••••••••••.•••••••• 37
Ref erences ........................................... 38
xiii