The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil-Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques PDF
Preview The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil-Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques
The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil–Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques Built Heritage and Geotechnics Series editor: Renato Lancellotta Volume 1 ISSN: 2640-026X eISSN: 2640-0278 The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil–Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques Rossella Cadignani Former Director of Historical and Monumental Building Division, Municipality of Modena, Italy Renato Lancellotta Former Professor of Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Donato Sabia Associate Professor of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Typeset by Apex CoVantage, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publisher. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Applied for Published by: CRC Press/Balkema Schipholweg 107C, 2316 XC Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com ISBN: 978-0-367-18708-8 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-19778-9 (eBook) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429197789 Contents Preface vi About the authors viii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Historical notes on the construction of the cathedral and Ghirlandina Tower 5 3 Previous restoration work: Ancient modifications and 1970s’ interventions 35 4 Planning new investigation studies and restoration works 48 5 Soil as “material with memory”: A key to explain settlements of the tower and the cathedral 78 6 A primer on soil–structure interaction and soil condition effects 95 7 Dynamic identification analyses: An approach to assess the real behavior of structures 109 References 131 Appendix: Introductory notes on the leaning instability of historic towers 136 Index 143 Preface This is the first of a series of volumes on Built Heritage and Geotechnics, intended to reach a wide audience: professionals and academics in the fields of civil engineering, architecture and cultural resources management and particularly those involved in art history, history of architecture, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, archaeology, restoration and cultural heritage management and even the wider public. Motivations rely on the fact that the preservation of built heritage is one of the most challenging problems facing modern civilization. It involves in inextricable patterns various cultural, humanistic, social, technical and economic aspects. The complexity of the topic is such that a shared framework of reference is still lacking among art historians, architects, structural and geotechnical engineers. This is proved by the fact that, although there are exemplary cases of an integral saving of any structural components with its static and archi- tectural function, as a material witness of the knowledge, the culture and the construction techniques of the original historical period, there are still examples of uncritical confidence in modern technology which leads to the replacement of previous structures with new ones, which only preserve an iconic appearance of the original monument. For these reasons publishing short books on specialized topics, like well-documented case studies of restoration work at one specific site or of a monument or detailed overviews of con- struction techniques, intended as a material witness of knowledge of the historical period in which the monuments were built, or specific conservation/preservation works, may be of great value. The present volume, titled The Restoration of Ghirlandina Tower in Modena and the Assessment of Soil–Structure Interaction by Means of Dynamic Identification Techniques, provides within a single volume essential information on the history of the construction, the involved techniques, previous interventions and restoration work. It is proved how the interaction with the supporting soil may have had an important role because it explains the meaning of the corrections that masons did during construction, the pattern of settlements suffered by the tower and the cathedral and their interaction. It is also discussed at length how the behavior of the tower during seismic events depends on the interaction with the supporting soil because such interaction influences both the seis- mic demand and the capacity of the system, and in this respect, this volume highlights the benefit derived by using identification techniques to capture and forecast this behavior. In addition to the previously mentioned motivations, a single aspect should capture the interest of a wide readership: The cathedral and the Ghirlandina Tower were included in 1997 in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and it was recognized that [t]he creation process shared by Lanfranco and Wiligelmo is a masterpiece of human creativity, in which new dialectical relation between architecture and sculpture was Preface vii created in Romanesque art. The Modena complex bears exceptional witness to the cul- tural traditions of the XII century in northern Italy’s urban society where its organ- ization, religious character, beliefs, and values are all reflected in the history of the buildings. The series editor Renato Lancellotta About the authors Rossella Cadignani graduated in Architecture at the University of Florence (Italy). She worked in the municipality of Modena as Director of the Urban Development Planning area and later on of the Historical and Monumental Building Division. She assumed responsibility for the restoration work of Ghirlandina Tower and was a member of the Technical Committee of Modena UNESCO site. At present she is working as a freelance professional and is involved in historical research on the architecture of her city. Renato Lancellotta was formerly Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) and is Chairman of the Committee on Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineer- ing. Professional experience refers to geotechnical studies for the preservation of built heritage, including the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Shroud Chapel in Torino. He was a member of the Scientific Committee for the preservation of the Ghirlandina Tower and the Cathedral of Modena, the Santo Stefano complex of churches in Bologna, and the Giotto bell tower in Florence. He is also author of Geotechnical Engineering (Taylor & Francis, 2009). Donato Sabia is Associate Professor of Structural Engineering at the Politecnico di Torino and is Head of the Materials and Structures Lab of the Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering. His research is related to structural diagnosis, experimen- tal modal analysis and dynamics identification of linear and nonlinear systems and seis- mic vulnerability of structures with special emphasis on masonry structures. He has been involved in dynamic identification studies of the Ghirlandina Tower and the Cathedral of Modena. He is a member of the Scientific Committee of the UNESCO site of Modena and of the Commission of the Opera Primaziale di Pisa to monitor the leaning behavior of Pisa Tower after the stabilizing interventions. Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to Dr Eng Renato Maria Cosentini for his assistance in preparing the ground response analyses and related figures in Chapter 7, and to Dr Veronica Padovani for providing the English version of Chapters 2, 3 and 4.
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