The Resource Magazine For Apple, Atari, and Commodore Communications

126 Pages·2008·60.07 MB·English

Some APPLESOFT
$2.00
September/
October, 198O
Vol. I Issue 6
The Journal for Progressive Computing
The Resource Magazine For Apple, Atari, and Commodore
Teaching Basic
Academic Skills-
Can Micros Make
A Difference?
Mixing Atari
Graphics Modes
Thesus Versus
The Minotaur-
PASCAL Visits
Ancient Greece
RS-232
Communications
TelePET
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usually found only on the most sophisticated and expensive word
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WordPro was designed with the user in mind. WordPro's unique
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"STATUS LINE" constantly interacts with the user by displaying the
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ow you can add high
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The GRAPHIC INTERFACE gives you easy con-
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You also choosethe sockets to be enabled when the PET is turned on.
EXTERNALEXPANSION -This board alsocreatesthe KIM memoryexpansion
bus supported by all MTU products.This allows Insertion Into our K-1005-P
card file forexpansion up to4other boards outsidethe PETcase.
LIGHT PEN -The board has been designed toworkwith an optional fight
pen which MTU will beannouncing soon.
SOFTWARE INTERFACEDTO BASIC- MTU also has available machine lan
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acters at high speed.
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AsofJune1,1980
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September/October,198O. Issue6 COMPUTE!
Table of Contents September/October 198O. Volume
1. Issue 6
The Editor's Notes Robert Lock, 4
Reader's Feedback Robert Lock and Readers, 6
Computers and Society David D. Thornburg and BettyJ. Burr, 1O
Teaching Basic Academic Skills
Can Micros Make A Difference? . .ToryEsbensen and Doug Hed, 18
Basically Useful BASIC Marvin L, DeJong and Robert Lock, 22
RS232 Communications Michael E. Day, 26
Solving Equations With A Computer Marvin L. DeJong, 32
Computers and The Handicapped
Susan Semancik and the Delmarva Computer Club, 41
Let Your PET Play Politics With HAT IN THE RING-
A Presidential Election Game ToryEsbensen, 42
The First Annual Programming
Contest (of Herkimer, NY) E.G. Carr, 46
Al Baker's Programming Hints:
Apple and Atari A: Baker, 52
Fun With the 65O2:
Atari Software Reviews Len Lindsay 56
The Apple Gazette 59
Randomize for The APPLE II Sherm Ostrowsky, 59
Screendump Jeff Schmoyer, 6C
Thesus Versus The Minotaur:
PASCAL Visits Ancient Greece Joseph H. Budge, 64
Page
Some Routines from Applesoft Basic;
Applesoft Memory Map (Page O) Jim Butterfield, 68
The Atari Gazette .71
Designing Your Own Atari Graphics Modes Craig Patchett, 71
What To Do If You Don't Have Joysticks Stephen Schulman, 75
Screen Print From Machine
Language On The Atari LarryIsaacs, 76
Graphics of Polar Functions HenriqueVeludo, E
Reading The ATARI Keyboard On The Fly James L Bruun, 81
The PET Gazette 82
User's Report: Waterloo Structured
BASIC For The PET , P. T. Spencer, 82
TelePET Jim Butterfield, 86
Word Pro Converter RobertW. Baker, 89
Multitasking On Your PET? Quadra-PET Charles Brannon, 9O
Oops! A Crucial Update to DISK ID CHANGER ReneW. Poirier, 92
Variable-Field-Length Random
Access Files On The 2O4O Disk Drive Peter Spencer, 94
Flexible GETfor the PET Elizabeth Deal, 98
ROM-antic Thoughts Jim Butterfield, 1OO
Converting ASCII Files to PET BASIC Harvey B. Herman, 1O2
Compactor RobertW. Baker, 1O4
A Few Entry Points: Original/Upgrade/4.O Rom .. . Jim Butterfield, HO
Feed Your PET Some APPLESOFT G. A, Campbell, 112
CAPUTE! Robert Lock, 12O
Page 86
Advertiser's Index 12O
COMPUTE. The Journal for Progressive Computing is published six times each year by Small System Services. Inc., P.O. Box 5406.
Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. Phone: [phone]. Editorial Offices are located al 200 Fast Bessemer Ave., Greensboro, NC 27401.
Domestic Subscriptions: 12 issues, $16-00. Send subscription orders or change of address (P.O. Form 3579) to Circulation Dept., COMPUTE.
Magazine, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. Controlled circulation postage paid atGreensboro, NC 27403. Entirecontentscopyright © 1980bySmall
System Services, Inc. Al! rights reserved. ISSN 0194-357X.
COMPUTE! September/October,1980. issue6
The Editor's
Robert C. Lock, Publisher/Editor
Joretta Klepfer, Associate Editor
Carol Holmquist Lock, Circulation Manager
J. Gary Dean, Art Direction/Production Notes
Assistance
COMPUTE receives continuing editorial
assistance from the following persons:
Harvey Herman, University of North Caro
Robert Lock, Publisher/Editor
lina at Greensboro
Jim Butterfield, Toronto, Canada Atari Marches On But
Larry Isaacs, Raleigh, NC Where Is Southern California?
The following writers contribute on a regu It appears that the Atari machines have really picked
lar basis as Contributing Editors:
up in sales. Southern California notwithstanding, the
Al Baker, 2327 S. Westminster, Wheaton, IL
feedback I'm getting is that dealers ranging from the
6O187
bigger mail order houses to the local corner store are
Gene Beals, 115 E. Stump Road, Mont-
seeing a great deal of buying interest in the hardware.
gomeryville, PA 18936
Now I'm talking about US sales only, in as much as
Len Lindsay, 1929 Northport Drive #6,
Atari's not really cranked up yet outside the US.
Madison, Wl 537O4
And it honestly looks as if there's movement. Cer
Roy O'Brien, P.O. Box 426, Beaumont, CA
tainly makes the dealers happy, and COMPUTE
92223
also for that matter, in as much as we've been sup
Subscription Information (12 Issue Year): porting the Atari since our beginning. It appears that
COMPUTE. Circulation Dept. the upsurge in buying began in mid to lateJune, and
P.O. Box 54O6 hasn't let up. Okay, so why all this ballyhoo from
Greensboro, NC 274O3 USA
here? I'm setting the stage for some comments on
U.S. S16.OO
Canada S1S.OO (U.S. funds) Southern California:
Europe: Surface Subscription. S2O.OO (U.S. funds) if The Background
ordered direct, oravailable in local currency
from the following distributors: Southern California, as we all know, has long been a
United Kingdom focal point for the state of the art in small computing
Contact L. P. Enterprises.
activity. There's much activity elsewhere of course,
8-11 Cambridge House
Cambridge Road but Southern California has been active in develop
Barking, Essex ing what I would describe as a more advanced
England IG118NT
market. Ifyou look at the number of major firms
Germany,
Switzerland, based out there you'll see a bit of what I mean.
Austria The Apple Phenomena
Contact Ing. W. Hofacker GMBH
8 Munchen75 This area enjoys an extremely active Apple market.
Postfach 437
In the LA area for example there must be dozens of
WestGermany
dealers who are first and foremost Apple dealers.
Canadian Retail Dealers should contact:
Micron Distributing It appears that some ofthe dealers have ab
4O9Queen Street West solutely refused to carry the Atari, even to the point
Toronto, Ontario M5V 2A5
[phone] ofoccasionally calling it bad names and describing it
in perjorative terms. And with an area of such
Authors of manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to
tremendous Apple loyalty, that seems understan
COMPUTE areoriginalmaterialswithfullownershiprightsresident
in said authors. Bv submitting articles to COMPUTE, authors dable. But on with the story.
acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for
publication,becometheexclusivepropertyofSmallSystemSer The Feedback Cycle
vices.Inc.Programsdevelopedandsubmittedbyauthorsremain
their sole property, with (he exception that COMPUTE reserves Given the nature of the small computer market, all
the right to reprint thematerial, asoriginally publishea inCOM of us who are involved in any way with the activity
PUTE., infuture publications. Unsolicited materials notaccepted
(orpublicationinCOMPUTE,willbereturned ifauthorprovidesa of marketing a productr or service to users and
self-addressed, stamped envelope Program listings should be buyers of these small computers rely on various
provided in printed form (new ribbon) as well as machine
readableform Articles shouldbe furnished astyped copy(up means of marketplace feedback to develop and main
perandlowercase,please)withdoublespacing.Eachpageof tain marketing plans.
yourarticleshouldbearthetitleofthearticle,dateandnameof
theauthor From here, I rely on numerous inputs, including
COMPUTE, assumes no liability for errors in articles or adver
those from dealers and subscribers all over the US.
tisements Opinions expressed by authors are not necessarily
thoseofCOMPUTE. I've run into several advertisers in the last few weeks
PET isa trademarkofCommodoreBusinessMachines.Inc. who have traditionally relied on their dealer contacts
Appleisa trademarkofAppleComputerCompany
Atariisa trademarkofAtari,Inc. in that area to provide some portion oftheir planning
feedback. In each of these cases, both advertisers had
September/October.198O. Issue6 COMPUTE!
the clear and imminent opinion that the Atari
machine was struggling, being clobbered by the Ap COMPUTE!
ple, etc., etc., and so on. Now mind you, this isn't
the immediate concern. Everyone expects a new
market (e.g. software or hardware for Atari) to be
slow going at first. Their concern was thefuture of
the machine, and by all tried and tested, locally
valid, channels of feedback it appeared that Atari Monthly
was in fact looking at a long up-hill struggle.
But all of this was totally inconsistent with my
feedback. Not only were dealers all over the country First Monthly
telling me the machines were really starting to move,
but our Atari subscriber base has been growing at a Issue is
faster and faster rate. Clearly somebody's buying the
machines, and if it wasn't the forefront, the January, 1981
vanguard, of Southern California, then who was it?
Aha!
We're going monthly, by popular de
What I finally decided, and I welcome some com
mand, and expanding the scope of
ment, is that Atari is selling to the market they've
COMPUTE! We're adding a special
said all along they wanted to sell to. The (frequently)
non-technical, new consumer of computing equip Gazette for Ohio Scientific machine
ment. That's the market the machines are designed owners, and a Gazette for the Single-
for and targeted at. The hobbyist market hotbed, Board AIM, KIM and SYM Owners.
Southern California with users with different needs,
We'll maintain the same high quality,
and dealers with different expectations, is not supply
the same resourceful standards, that
ing good feedback on that market because Atari's
successfully reaching the one they're aimed at. I have taken our paid circulation from less
think we may, after all, be achieving a new genera than 2,000 at the beginning of this
tion in consumer computing. © year (Issue 2) to over 11OOO for this
issue (Issue 6)!
New Pricing
(COMPUTEI's
You May Be
Still A Bargain)
or
A one-year (twelve issue) subscription
Renewing Your Subscription
to COMPUTE! is now $16.00 in the US.
To COMPUTE!
Canadian subscriptions are now $18.00
Ifyou're an early COMPUTE! subscriber, your
(in US funds). Surface mail subscriptions,
subscription may be running out. Ifyour mailing
label bears the code "11/80" or "12/80" then Issue to everywhere else in the world, are
#7, the November/December issue, is your last one. now $20.00 in US funds.
Don't Miss An Issue
Renew now by sending us your check or money
order for your 1980 subscription. Please follow these See The Reader's
simple guidelines. Mail your renewal check to COM
PUTE! P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 Feedback
USA. Mark the envelope "Attention; Subscription
Renewal". Include your current mailing label. If In This Issue
you've thrown your envelope away, please make sure
that you include your name and address (especially for More
your address) the same way you've been receiving
the magazine. Check the new price schedule and in Information
clude a check, money order or Master Charge/Visa
number with your renewal.
COMPUTE! September/October,198O. Issue6
The Reader's
Feedback
Robert Lock,
Publisher/Editor, and Readers
In case you missed it in the Editor's Notes, we're go with the November/December issue of COMPUTE.
ing monthly. Check there for a full timetable and in In that issue, you'll find the return of the Single-
formation on keeping your subscription current. Board Computer Gazette (covering the 6502 based
Votes for Best Article in Issue 5 indicate that KIM, SYM, and AIM systems), and the addition of
lots of readers like the current range of material in an OSI Gazette. You OSI owners will in part deter
COMPUTE. Jim Butterfleld took the honors with mine the stability of the OSI Gazette by your sub
Mixing Basic and Machine Language. Second place missions, so get writing!
went to Plotting With the 2022, closely followed by Issue 7 of COMPUTE! (November/December)
How to Program in BASIC with the Subroutine will be one united issue again, and in January you'll
Power of FORTRAN and Assembly Language Pro receive the first monthly issue of COMPUTE!
gramming with UCSD PASCAL.
And now for the rest of the feedback ... And Coming Next Issue
(Ouch! Groan!)
Author Note I learned my lesson last time. Please understand that
A Commodore user makes this request: one of the advantages of waiting 'till the last minute
You should indicate on all machine language listings the to write my columns is keeping you as current as
ROM version... possible on "coming attractions". The disadvantage
I agree. You should also indicate what machine is that I got carried away in my enthusiasm last time
you're using, e.g. keyboard, etc. We're already hav round. Looking back, I must have said "And next
ing review problems trying to keep machine con issue we'll have..." 10 times in the first three pages.
figurations matched up with software design, so I blew it. I hereby officially announce that you
when you send software for review, please indicate should read such comments on my part as "And in a
what it will run on. future issue we'll have...". That way if my en
thusiasm gets ahead ofour collective abilities here
One More Author Plea you won't be disappointed.
Please present machine language programs withfluent ex In a future issue, we'll have those promised
planations. Ifone now uses "BASIC" to program, how business reviews. I am very pleased to report that
would one enter this program into PET using machine over 50 business users have signed up to review pro
language? Please do not be afraid to offend us with simple fessional software. What we're trying to do is get
things rolling so that reviews will be the balanced
explanations.
opinion of several reviewers rather than the hasty
On Merging Our Two overview ofone. I apologize for my over enthusiastic
Magazines promises last time.
What happened to Nuts and Volts?
On The Quality of COMPUTE!
Include OSI in COMPUTE. My C2-4PMF has more in
I was fascinated to see that the most prevalent com
common with the Apple or PETthan with a SYM...
ment regarding our going monthly was "Yes, do it,
First of all, Nuts and Volts moved to compute II
but only ifyou can maintainyour current quality. '' We
when we established that single- board computer
pride ourselves on the quality of COMPUTE!, both
magazine. Secondly, I admit that compute II wasn't
in editorial quality and physical quality. That's been
necessarily the place for OSI machines.
our goal since we started the magazine in the Fall of
Our ability to go monthly has in part been
1979, and we're committed to maintaining thai
defined by the merger ofour two magazines. We an
quality. As always, keep me posted on our progress.
nounced in the August/September issue of compute
R.C.L. ©
II that we were merging the two magazines effective
September/October.193O. Issue6 COMPUTE!
?S
handlingcosisl ORDER
,DCHECK U» r
t□MASTERCHAR^t
ExpitotionDate.
linitnumcveai
Nome(P'ifl|l
Signature
•Add'ess
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2023 FrictionFeedPrinter S 695.00 4.1/DOS 2.1 20DOS DOSUpgradelor2040 S 50.00
2022 TractorFeedPrinter S 795.00 40O/S O/SUpgradelor40Column S 100.00
'Asterisksindicatelalldelivery—allothersareimmediatelyavailable
SPECIAL OFFER ON CBM COMPATIBLE BUSINESS SOFTWARE!
Purchasing software has always been difficult due to the "you buy it - you own it" attitude of most
vendors.WeatNEECO,recognizethisproblemandcannow,onalloftheSoftwarePackageslisted,offer
afull30dayrefundpolicytoNEECO'scustomers. Nowyoucanpurchasewithconfidence.Buyit-tryit;
iftheprogrampackageisnotsuitableforanyreason,sendItbacktouswithin30daysandwewillrefund
the full purchase price—less shipping charges!
SOFTWARE APPLICATION REQUIRES AUTHOR AVAILABILITY PRICE
WordPro1 WofdProcessing BK•cassette ProMicro immediate S 2995
WordProII 10K-2W0 9995
WordPfOIN 32K■2040 19995
WordProIV 8032 ■2040/8050 29995
BPIIntegratedG/L Business 32K/8032■2040 BPI 36000
BPIInventory TBA
BPIPayroll "
BPIEnhancedA/R
CMSG'L CMSSoftware 29500
CMSA.'R 19500
CMSA/P 19500
CMSCustomerMailList 19500
CMSPayroll 35000
3UBDatabase AllBusiness 32K;8032•2050,8050 BMB August/Sept 29500
"WordprocessingSoftwarerequiresoutputprinter WerecommendtheNECSpinwnter($2995)torletterquality
"PETisaregisteredtrademarkolCommodoreBusinessMachines SmallKeyboardPETSrequireaROMRetrofitKit
Multi-ClusterisavailableinCanadafromBMBCompuScience.PO BOX 121,Milton,Ontario,L9T2Y3
Allpricesandspecificationsaresubjecltocnangewithoutnotice
NEECO NEW ENGLAND ELECTRONICS CO., INC. [phone]
"NEWENGLAND'SLargest
679HIGHLANDAVE. MASTERCHARGEORVISAACCEPTED
ComputerShowroom"
TELEXNUMBER951021.NEECO
NEEDHAM,MA02194
MON-FRI,9:00-5:30