The Refugee Connection: A Lifetime of Running a Lifeline PDF
Preview The Refugee Connection: A Lifetime of Running a Lifeline
THE REFUGEE CONNECTION A Lifetime of Running a Lifeline The Refugee Connection A Lifetime of Running a Lifeline James L. Carlin Preface by Congressman Peter W. Rodino, Jr. M MACMILLAN ©James L. Carlin 1989 Preface © Peter W. Rodino, Jr. 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 978-0-333-49965-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1989 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by Footnote Graphics Warminster, Wilts British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Carlin, James L. The refugee connection: a lifetime of running a lifeline. 1. Welfare services for refugees. Biographies I. Title 362.8'7 ISBN 978-1-349-11060-5 ISBN 978-1-349-11058-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11058-2 'He who saves a single human life is as though he rescued the entire world.' The Talmud Contents List of Photographs x List of Tables x1 Preface xii Acknowledgements xiv Introduction 1 1 The End of the Second World War in Europe 3 Last Days as a Soldier 3 Post-Hostilities Activities under SHAEF in Germany, Including First Encounters with People in Trouble 5 2 Fresh Fields and Pastures New 9 The Start of a New Life with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Austria 9 Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees (IGCR) 14 Some Practical Effects of Growing Co-operation between UNRRA, IGCR and the Voluntary Agencies 15 The Termination of UNRRA 17 3 Creation and Achievements of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) 19 Special Efforts of the United States on Behalf of Displaced Persons, Including the Creation of the US Displaced Persons Commission 21 Practical Co-operation between IRO and the US Displaced Persons Commission 24 Some Special Problems 26 The Termination of IRQ 30 4 'What Next?': The Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM)-a Worthy Successor to IRO 31 New Problems, in Particular Surplus Population and Escapees from Communism 31 The 'Iron Curtain' 32 Renewed Efforts on Behalf of Refugees, Displaced Persons and Migrants by the United States 33 The Brussels International Conference on Migration and the Creation of ICEM 34 Vll viii Contents Start of My Work in the Field for ICEM, Including the Development of Co-operation with the United States Escapee Program (USEP) 36 5 Operations in Austria 41 My Transfer to Salzburg, Austria, in Charge of Operations 41 The Hungarian Crisis, involving my transfer to Vienna 43 Back to Salzburg 62 Promotion and Return to Vienna 72 6 Assignment to the Foreign Service of the United States 77 First Steps in Geneva, Including the Streamlining of USEP 77 Further Legislative Action by the United States 79 Day-to-Day Involvement with UNHCR and ICEM in Respect of New Refugee and Migrant Problems Emerging Across the World 81 7 Transfer to Washington DC to Become Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in Charge of Refugee and Migration Affairs 94 New Responsibilities 94 Action Leading to the Adoption of the Refugee Act of 1980 95 Strengthening Policy and Procedures for Dealing with Asylum Seekers 103 Briefing US Delegations Attending Meetings of ICEM andUNHCR 107 8 Election as Director of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration 111 Balancing the Budget and Making ICEM Better Known and Appreciated 113 Special Session of the ICEM Council in 1979 and Follow-up Action 115 9 ICM in the 1980s 119 Diversification and Adaptation 119 1980 119 1981 123 1982 126 1983 131 1984 and Beyond 143 10 ICM-an Instrument for Peace 157 A Thought for the Future 161 Contents IX Epilogue 163 Appendix 164 Questions and Answers at the US House of Representatives Hearing on 'policy and procedures for the admission of Refugees into the United States' (Wednesday, 24 February 1977) 164 Index 198 List of Photographs 1. Construction site of the refugee reception/processing center in Salzburg, Austria, Spring 1956 43 2. Hungarian refugees awaiting registration for resettlement at the ICEM mission in Vienna, November 1956 47 3. Vice-President Richard Nixon observing the departure from Austria of the first plane-load of Hungarian refugees to the United States, December 1956 52 :·) Ceremony for the opening of the refugee reception/processing 6: center in Salzburg, 22 July 1957 63 7. Briefing the Council of Europe's Committee on Population and Refugees on ICEM's refugee/migrant catalogue project, 1957 67 8. Participants in the ICEM seminar in Salzburg in 1957 to promote refugee resettlement 67 9. } Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt visiting refugee camps in Salzburg 10. in May 1957 69 11. The Hirtenberg Vocational Training School building in n ~~ 12. } Refugees receiving vocational training at the Hirtenberg 13. School 73 X List of Tables 5.1 Breakdown by receiving country of movements of Hungarian refugees from Austria 61 6.1 Movements effected between 6 October 1973 and 30 June 1978 by the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration under the Special Program for Resettlement from Chile 90 A.1 Approximate numbers of refugees accepted by the United States, 1945-1976, under various immigration programs 186 A.2 U.S. contributions to refugee assistance 1945-75 187 A.3 U.S. assistance to refugees for fiscal year 1976 190 A.4 Numbers of refugees from Eastern Europe assisted by the U.S. government, 1972-77 192 A.5 Refugees moved under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration in 1975-76 193 A.6 Transfers from Foreign Assistance Appropriations to Migration and Refugee Assistance Appropriations by Presidential Determination, FY1963-FY1976 196 A.7 Draw-downs by Presidential Determinations from the Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund, 1 July 1976-31 January 1977 197 xi
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