The protozoan phylum apicomplexa vol I

218 Pages·1988·25.791 MB·English

by  Levine, Norman D

The
Protozoan Phylum
Apicomplexa
Volume I
Author
Norman D. Levine
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois
Boca Raton London New York
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First published 1988 by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Levine, Norman D.
The protozoan phylum Apicomplexa.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Apicomplexa. 2. Apicomplexa—Classification.
3. Veterinary protozoology. I. Title. [DNLM:
1. Protozoan Infections-veterinary. SF 780.6 L665p]
SF780.6.L485 1988 593.1’9 87-8005
ISBN 0-8493-4652-5 (set)
ISBN 0-8493-4653-3 (v. 1)
ISBN 0-8493-4654-1 (v. 2)
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 87008005
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THE AUTHOR
Norman Dion Levine, Ph.D. is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Veterinary
Pathobiology, in the College of Veterinary Medicine and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment
Station, University of Illinois, Urbana. He is also a former director of the Center for Human
Ecology (University of Illinois), a former member of the Department of Zoology (University
of Illinois), and an affiliate of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Dr. Levine received his B.S. degree in Zoology and Entomology from Iowa State Uni-
versity and his Ph.D. degree in Zoology (Physico-Chemical Biology) from the University
of California (Berkeley).
He joined the staff of the University of Illinois and Illinois State Department of Agriculture
in 1937, and moved up through the ranks to his present position. He has been President of
the American Microscopical Society, Society of Protozoologists, American Society of Par-
asitologists, Illinois State Academy of Science, and American Society of Professional Bi-
ologists, and is an honorary member of the American Microscopical Society, Illinois State
Academy of Science, Society of Protozoologists, Phi Sigma (honorary biology fraternity),
and World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. He has received
the Distinguished Achievement Citation of Iowa State University, and has been elected a
Distinguished Veterinary Parasitologist by the American Association of Veterinary Parasi-
tologists. He was Editor of the Journal of Protozoology from 1965 to 1971. He has been a
member of the editorial boards of the American Journal of Veterinary Research, Transactions
of the American Microscopical Society, American Midland Naturalist, and Laboratory An-
imal Science. He has been chairman of the National Institutes of Health Tropical Medicine
and Parasitology Study Section, a member of the Board of Governors of the American
Academy of Microbiology, a Committeeman-at-Large for Section F (Zoological Science)
and Council Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member
of the Governing Board of the American Board of Microbiology, a member of the National
Academy of Science-National Research Council, and is a patron for the International Com-
mission on Zoological Nomenclature of the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
He has served on the organizing committees of many International Congresses of Proto-
zoology and of Parasitology, and was one of the organizers of the World Federation of
Parasitologists.
Dr. Levine is the author or editor of 15 books and about 550 publications in scientific
journals. His special fields of research are protozoology, parasitology, and human ecology.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
Chapter 1
Introduction .............................................................................l
Chapter 2
Class Perkinsasida ...................................................................... 9
Family Perkinsidae ..................................................................9
Genus Perkinsus ..................................................................9
Chapter 3
The Gregarines: Archigregarines ...................................................... 11
Class Conoidasida ....................................................................... l l
Subclass Gregarinasina ..................................................................1 1
Order Archigregarinorida ............................................................1.1
Family Selenidioididae .............................................................1 1
Genus Selenidioides .............................................................1.1
Genus Meroselenidium ..........................................................1.2
Genus Merogregarina ............................................................ 12
Family Exoschizonidae ............................................................. 12
Genus Exoschizon ................................................................1 2
Chapter 4
The Gregarines: Blastogregarines ..................................................... 13
Order Eugregarinorida ................................................................ 13
Suborder Blastogregarinorina ......................................................... 13
Family Siedleckiidae ...............................................................1 3
Genus Siedleckia ................................................................1.3
Chapter 5
The Gregarines: Aseptate Eugregarines ..............................................1.5
Suborder Aseptatorina ...............................................................1.5
Family Selenidiidae ................................................................ 15
Genus Selenidium ................................................................ 15
Genus Selenocystis ............................................................... 17
Genus Ditrypanocystis ...........................................................1 7
Genus Heterospora .............................................................. 17
Family Lecudinidae ...............................................................1.7
Genus Lecudina ................................................................1.7.
Genus Polyrhabdina ...........................................................1..9
Genus Ulivina .................................................................1.9.
Genus Sycia ....................................................................2.0.
Genus Pontesia .................................................................2.0
Genus Bhatiella ..................................................................2 0
Genus Viviera. ................................................................... 20
Genus Cochleomeritus ........................................................... 20
Genus Ancora .................................................................... 20
Genus Hentschelia ..............................................................2.1
Genus Lecythion .................................................................2 1
Genus Hyp~ridion.. ..............................................................2 1
Genus Zygosoma .................................................................2 1
Genus Filipodium ................................................................ 21
Genus Diplauxis .................................................................2 2
Genus Chlamydocystis .........................................................2..2
Genus Contortiocorpa ...........................................................2 2
Genus Lankesteria ............................................................... 22
Genus Monocystella ............................................................. 23
Genus Ascogregarina ............................................................ 24
Genus Kofoidina ................................................................. 25
Genus Ophioidina ................................................................2 5
Genus Paraophioidina ...........................................................2 5
Genus Lateroprotomeritus ....................................................... 26
Genus Extremocystis ............................................................. 26
Family Urosporidae ................................................................ 26
Genus Urospora ................................................................. 26
Genus Gonospora ................................................................ 27
Genus Lithocystis ................................................................ 28
Genus Ceratospora .............................................................. 29
Genus Pterospora ................................................................ 29
Genus Paragonospora ...........................................................2 9
Family Aikinetocystidae ............................................................2 9
Genus Aikinetocystis .............................................................2 9
Genus Nellocystis ................................................................3 0
Family Monocystidae ...............................................................3 0
Subfamily Monocystinae ........................................................... 30
Genus Monocystis ................................................................ 30
Genus Nematocystis ..............................................................3 3
Genus Rhabdocystis .............................................................. 34
Genus Apolocystis ............................................................... 34
Genus Cephalocystis ............................................................. 35
Genus Trigonepimerus ...........................................................3 5
Genus Mastocystis ............................................................... 35
Subfamily Zygocystinae ............................................................ 36
Genus Zygocystis ..............................................................3.6.
Genus Adelphocystis ............................................................. 36
Genus Pleurocystis ...............................................................3 6
Subfamily Rhynchocystinae .......................................................3.7
Genus Rhynchocystis ............................................................. 37
Genus Dirhynchocystis ..........................................................3.7
Genus Grayallia ................................................................. 38
Subfamily Stomatophorinae ........................................................ 38
Genus Stomatophora ............................................................. 38
Genus Craterocystis .............................................................3 8
Genus Astrocystella ............................................................3.8.
Genus Albertisella ..............................................................3.8
Genus Beccaricystis .............................................................. 39
Genus Parachoanocystoides ..................................................... 39
Genus Choanocystoides ........................................................3.9.
Genus Zeylanocystis ............................................................. 39
Genus Arborocystis ............................................................3.9.
Genus Chakravartiella ...........................................................3 9
Subfamily Oligochaetocystinae .....................................................4 0
Genus Oligochaetocystis .......................................................4.0.
Genus Echiurocystis .............................................................4 0
Genus Neomonocystis ..........................................................4..0
Genus Acarogregarina ..........................................................4.0
Family Diplocystidae .............................................................4..0
Genus Diplocystis ..............................................................4.0.
Family Allantocystidae ...........................................................4.1.
Genus Allantocystis ............................................................4..1
Family Schaudinnellidae. .........................................................4..1
Genus Schaudinnella ...........................................................4.1.
Family Enterocystidae ............................................................4.1.
Genus Enterocystis .............................................................4.1.
Family Ganymedidae .............................................................4.2.
Genus Ganymedes .............................................................4.2.
Chapter 6
The Gregarines: Septate Eugregarines ...............................................4.3
Suborder Septatorina ................................................................4.3.
Superfamily Porosporicae ........................................................4.3.
Family Porosporidae ...............................................................4.3
Genus Porospora ..............................................................4.3.
Genus Nematopsis .............................................................4.3.
Genus Pachyporospora .........................................................4.5
Superfamily Gregarinicae ..........................................................4.5
Family Cephaloidophoridae .......................................................4.5
Genus Cephaloidophora ........................................................4.5
Genus Caridohabitans .........................................................4..7
Genus Rotundula ...............................................................4.8.
Family Cephalolobidae ............................................................4.8
Genus Cephalolobus ...........................................................4..8
Genus Callynthrochlamys .......................................................4.8
Family Uradiophoridae ............................................................4.9
Genus Uradiophora ............................................................4..9
Genus Heliospora ...............................................................4.9
Genus Pyxinioides ..............................................................4.9
Genus Nematoides ..............................................................5.0
Genus Bijilida .................................................................5..0
Family Gregarinidae ..............................................................5.0.
Genus Gregarina ..............................................................5.0.
Genus Erhardovina .............................................................6.2
Genus Gymnospora ............................................................6..2
Genus Triseptata ...............................................................6.3.
Genus Gamocystis .............................................................6.3.
Genus Anisolobus ..............................................................6.3.
Genus Garnhamia .............................................................6.3.
Genus Torogregarina ..........................................................6.4.
Genus Faucispora ..............................................................6. 4
Genus Spinispora ...............................................................6.4
Genus Bolivia ...................................................................6.4
Genus Degiustia ................................................................6.4
Genus Cirrigregarina ...........................................................6.4
Genus Molluskocystis ..........................................................6.4.
Family Metameridae ...............................................................6.5
Genus Metamera ...............................................................6.5.
Genus Gopaliella ..............................................................6..5
Genus Deuteromera ............................................................6..5
Genus Cognettiella .............................................................6..5
Family Didymophyidae. ..........................................................6..5
Genus Didymophyes ...........................................................6.5.
Genus Liposcelisus .............................................................6.7.
Genus Quadruhyalodiscus ......................................................6.7
Family Hirmocystidae ............................................................6..7
Genus Hirmocystis .............................................................6..7
Genus Hyalospora ..............................................................6.8
Genus Tettigonospora ..........................................................6..9
Genus Euspora ................................................................6..9
Genus Tintinospora ............................................................6.9.
Genus Arachnocystis ...........................................................6.9.
Genus Protomagalhaensia ......................................................7.0
Genus Pintospora ...............................................................7.0
Genus Endomycola .............................................................7.0
Genus Retractocephalus ........................................................7.0
Superfamily Stenophoricae .......................................................7..0
Family Stenophoridae .............................................................7.0
Genus Stenophora .............................................................7..1
Genus Fonsecaia ...............................................................7..4
Genus Hyalosporina ............................................................7.4
Family Leidyanidae ..............................................................7..4
Genus Leidyana ................................................................7..4
Family Cnemidosporidae .........................................................7..5
Genus Cnemidospora ...........................................................7.5
Family Monoductidae .............................................................7.6
Genus Monoductus .............................................................7..6
Genus Stenoductus ..............................................................7. 6
Genus Phleobum ................................................................7. 6
Family Sphaerocystidae ...........................................................7.7
Genus Sphaerocystis ............................................................7.7
Genus Schneideria .............................................................7..7
Genus Paraschneideria .........................................................7.7
Genus Neoschneideria ...........................................................7 7
Family Trichorhynchidae ..........................................................7. 8
Genus Trichorhynchus ..........................................................7.8
Family Dactylophoridae ...........................................................7.8
Genus Dactylophorus ...........................................................7. 8
Genus Echinomera ..............................................................7. 8
Genus Grebnickiella ............................................................7. 9
Genus Rhopalonia ..............................................................7. 9
Genus Acutispora ................................................................7 9
Genus Seticephalus ..............................................................8 0
Genus Dendrorhynchus .......................................................... 80
Genus Mecistophora ............................................................. 80
Family Stylocephalidae .............................................................8 0
Genus Stylocephalus .............................................................8 0
Genus Stylocephaloides .......................................................... 82
Genus Cystocephalus ............................................................ 82
Genus Bulbocephalus ............................................................ 82
Genus Xiphocephalus ............................................................ 83
Genus Lophocephalus ............................................................ 83
Genus Lophocephaloides .........................................................8 3
Genus Sphaerorhynchus .......................................................8.4.
Genus Oocephalus ...............................................................8 4
Genus Campanacephalus ........................................................8 4
Genus Clavicephalus ............................................................. 84
Genus Cystocephaloides ......................................................... 84
Genus Orbocephalus ............................................................. 85
Genus Lepismatophila ........................................................... 85
Genus Colepismatophila .........................................................8 5
Family Actinocephalidae ...........................................................8 5
Subfamily Actinocephalinae ........................................................ 85
Genus Actinocephalus ............................................................ 85
Genus Caulocephalus ............................................................8 7
Genus Cornimeritus .............................................................8.7
Genus Umbracephalus .........................................................8.8.
Genus Urnaepimeritus ...........................................................8 8
Genus Asterophora ............................................................8.8.
Genus Pileocephalus ............................................................8.8
Genus Gemmicephalus .........................................................8..9
Genus Pilidiophora ............................................................8..9
Genus Geneiorhynchus ..........................................................8.9
Genus Acanthoepimeritus ......................................................9..0
Genus Phialoides ..............................................................9..0
Genus Legeria .................................................................9..0
Genus Pyxinia .................................................................9.0.
Genus Discorhynchus ............................................................ 91
Genus Steinina ..................................................................9.1
Genus Bothriopsides ............................................................. 92
Genus Pomania .................................................................. 92
Genus Stictospora ................................................................ 92
Genus Coleorhynchus ...........................................................9.3
Genus Stylocysris ................................................................ 93
Genus Amphoroides ............................................................9.3.
Genus Taeniocystis ............................................................9.3.
Genus Sciadiophora ............................................................9.4
Genus Anthorhynchus ..........................................................9.4.
Genus Agrippina ................................................................9.4
Genus Globulocephalus .........................................................9.4
Genus Alaspora .................................................................9.5
Genus Ascocephalus ............................................................9.5
Genus Amphorocephalus ........................................................9.5
Genus Tricysris .................................................................9.5
Genus Thalicola ...............................................................9.5.
Genus Epicavus .................................................................. 96
Genus Gryllotalpia ............................................................... 96
Genus Chilogregarina ...........................................................9 6
Genus Crucocephalus .........................................................9..6.
Genus Harendraia ............................................................... 97
Genus Levinea ................................................................... 97
Subfamily Acanthosporinae ........................................................ 97
Genus Acanthospora ..........................................................9..7.
Genus Grenoblia .................................................................9 7
Genus Corycella .................................................................9 7
Genus Ancyrophora ..............................................................9 7
Genus Rhizionella ...............................................................9. 9
Genus Cometoides .............................................................9.9.
Genus Prismatospora ..........................................................9.9.
Genus Tetraedrospora .........................................................9.9.
Genus Ramicephalus .............................................................9 9
Genus Coronoepimeritus .......................................................1.0 0
Genus Dinematospora ........................................................1.0.1
Genus Doliospora .............................................................1.0.1
Genus Acanthosporidium .......................................................1 01
Genus Quadruspinospora ....................................................... 101
Genus Contospora .............................................................. 102
Genus Tetractinospora .......................................................... 102
Genus Echinoocysta ............................................................ 102
Genus Mukundaella ...........................................................1.0.2
Genus Tetrameridionospinispora ................................................ 102
Subfamily Menosporinae .........................................................1.0 2
Genus Menospora ............................................................... 102
Genus Hoplorhynchus ........................................................... 103
Genus Odonaticola .............................................................1 03
Family Brustiosporidae ............................................................ 103
Genus Brustiospora ............................................................. 104
Family Acutidae ..................................................................1.0 4
Genus Acuta ..................................................................1..0 4
Genus Apigregarina ..........................................................1..0 4 .
Family Monoicidae ..............................................................1..0 4
Genus Monoica ................................................................1.0 4
Superfamily Fusionicae ...........................................................1.0 4
Family Fusionidae ...............................................................1..0 4
Genus Fusiona ................................................................1..0 4
Chapter 7
The Gregarines: Neogregarines ......................................................1.0 5
Order Neogregarinorida .............................................................. 105
Family Gigaductidae .............................................................1.0 5
Genus Gigaductus .............................................................1.0 5
Family Ophryoystidae ............................................................1.0 5
Genus Ophryocystis ...........................................................1.0.5
Family Schizocystidae ............................................................1.0 6
Genus Schizocystis .............................................................1.0 6