The Production of Experimental Goiter in Rana Pipiens Tadpoles by Cabbage Feeding and Methyl-Cyanide

158 Pages·06.181 MB·English

by  Borland, John Raymond

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University Microfilms
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. E3 Borland, John Raymond, 1914-
1942 The production of experimental goiter
.B6 in Rana pipiens tadpoles by cabbage
feeding and methyl cyanide"... New
York, 1942.
v i,140 typewritten leaves. illu s .,
p la tes, tables,diagrs. 29cm.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Hew York university,
School of education, 1942.
Bibliography: p.75-79.
Ar4377
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Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED.
Thesis accepted
Bate-Jgft 11 jgjg
THE PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL GOITER
IN RANA PIPIENS TADPOLES BY CABBAGE
FEEDING AND METHYL CYANIDE
JOHN R. BORLAND
Submitted in p a rtia l fu lfillm en t of the
requirem ents fo r the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in the School of Education of
New York U niversity
1942
PLEASE NOTE:
Some pages may have
i nd i st i net print.
Filmed as received.
University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my grateful appreciation
to Prof. Charles J. Pieper under whose guid­
ance th is investigation was undertaken.
The actual research was directed by P rof.
Roberts Rugh who not only was most generous
w ith his time and technical assistance but
also supplied the excellent photomicrographs
of the histology of the thyroid glands used
in th is study.
I am very grateful to Dr. David Marine for
advice concerning the original se ttin g up of
the experim ental groups and general plan of
the investigation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I Introduction
1
Statem ent of the P roblem ..........................................
1
The Physiology of the Thyroid G lan d ...............
1
The Functional H istology of the Thyroid
Gland ................................................................................ 9
The Thyroid and Amphibian M etamorphosis ... 14
Related Studies ................................................................ 17
Purpose and Significance of P ro b lem ............... 20
II M aterials and Methods 22
Obtaining the Tadpoles ............................................... 22
The Treatment and Care of the Experim ental
Groups .............................................................................. 24
The Method of O btaining Data on Growth and
Metamorphosis .............................................................. 27
The Method of P reparation and Study of the
Thyroid Gland .............................................................. 29
I l l R esults and Experimental Data 32
Presentation of Growth Data .............................. 33
Presentation of Data on the Rate o f Meta­
morphosis .................................................................. 44
H istological Findings ............................................ 46
IV Discussion and In terp retatio n of R esults 60
V Summary and C onclusions...................................... 68
The Problem ........................... 68
The Purpose of the Study 68
- i i -
Chapter Page
The M aterials and Method ......................................... 69
The E ffects of Cabbage and Methyl Cyanide
on Growth ...................................................................... 70
The E ffects of Cabbage and Methyl Cyanide
on M etamorphosis ..................................................... 70
The E ffects of Cabbage and Methyl Cyanide
on the Thyroid Gland ........................................... 71
Recommendations fo r Future R esearch .............. 72
Conclusions ......................................................................... 73
VI B ibliography.............................................................................. 75
VII A ppendix........................................................................................ 80
- i i i -
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
P lates
Number Page
I Comparison of Experim ental Animals at Tarious
Ages, (fig s. 5-13) ....................................................... 82
II Comparative Thyroid H istology of the Experi­
m ental Groups at the 4-nun. Hind Limb Length
Stage, (fig s. 14-19) ................................................. 84
III Comparative Thyroid H istology of the Experi­
m ental Groups at the 12-mm. Hind Limb
Length Stage, (fig s. 20-26) ................................ 86
IT Comparative Thyroid H istology of the Experim ental
Groups a t th e 25-mm. Hind Limb Length Stage
(fig s. 27-3 2 )................................................................... 88
V Comparative Thyroid H istology of the Experi­
m ental Groups at Fore Limb Emergence,
(fig s. 33-38) .................................................................. 90
Tables
I Mean Dimensions from Three Weeks to Fore Limb
E m ergence........................................................................... 35
II Rate of F ore Limb Emergence ........................... 39
III Mean Dimensions at Fore Limb Emergence .............. 43
IT Unmetamorphosed Animals a fte r 112 Days .............. 45
T-X Measurements of Experim ental Groups at
Three Weeks .................................................................... 91-96
XI-XVI Measurements of Experim ental Groups a t Four
Weeks ...................................................................................97-102
- iv
Tables
Number Page
XVII-XXII Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Five Weeks ......................................... 103-108
XXIII-XXVIII Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Six Weeks ........................................... 109-114
XXIX-XXXXV Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Seven Weeks ....................................... 115-120
XXXV-XL Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t E ight Weeks ...................................... 121-126
XLI-XLVI Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Nine Weeks ......................................... 127-132
XLVII-L Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Ten Weeks ........................................... 133-136
L I-L III Measurements of Experimental Groups
a t Eleven Weeks .............................. 137-139
LXV-LIX Measurements of Animals in Order of
Fore Limb Emergence ........................... 140-145
LX D aily Temperature of Water in Tank
A quaria ....................................................... 146-148
Diagrams
1 Growth in Total Length from F e rtil­
izatio n to Fore Limb Emergence , . . . , 36
2 Growth in Body Length from F e rtili-
'z a tio n to Fore Limb Emergence . . . . . . 37
- v -
Diagrams
Number Page
3 Growth of Hind Limb Up to Fore Limb Emergence 38
4 Rate of Fore Limb Em ergence......................................... 41
Figures
1 The Tank Aquaria in which the Tadpoles were
R a ise d .................................................................................... 26
2 The Measuring Instrum ents ................................................ 28
3 Tadpoles of the same chronological age,
re su lts of d ifferen t feeding ................................ 61
4 Abnormal Animals in the Spinach plus Cyanide
plus Iodine Groups ........................................................ 67