The Private Sphere: An Emotional Territory And Its Agent PDF
Preview The Private Sphere: An Emotional Territory And Its Agent
THEPRIVATESPHERE Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture VOLUME15 SeriesEditor H.TristramEngelhardt,Jr.,DepartmentofPhilosophy,RiceUniversity,andBaylor CollegeofMedicine,Houston,Texas AssociateEditor KevinWm.Wildes,S.J.,DepartmentofPhilosophyandKennedyInstituteof Ethics,GeorgetownUniversity,Washington,D.C. AssistantEditor LisaRasmussen,UniversityofNorthCarolina,Charlotte,USA EditorialBoard StanleyHauerwas,DukeUniversity,Durham,N.C. MaureenKelley,UniversityofAlabama,Birmingham TerryPinkard,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,Illinois GriffinTrotter,SaintLouisUniversity,Missouri Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedattheendofthisvolume. THE PRIVATE SPHERE An Emotional Territory And Its Agent Mats G.Hansson UppsalaUniversity, Sweden Author MatsG.Hansson UppsalaUniversity Sweden ISBN:978-1-4020-6651-1 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-6652-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007938403 (cid:2)c 2008SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V. Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexception ofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingentered andexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Printedonacid-freepaper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Foreword Thepresentworkhasemergedastheresultofseveralyears’involvementinvarious multidisciplinary research projects which have been carried out within the Re- searchProgrammeinBiomedicalEthicsatUppsalaUniversity,nowtheCentrefor Bioethicsat KarolinskaInstitutetandUppsala University.I am gratefulto various colleagueswho havetaken part,whetherbrieflyor at length,in discussionsofthe conceptsofprivacyand integrity.Hearty thanksmustgo to GertHelgesson,Ulrik vonEssen,PärSegerdahlandRichardWessmanwhohavereadtheinitialversionof thebookandprovidedusefulcomments.IamparticularlyindebtedtoPärfortaking the trouble to read the whole manuscript a second time. Arne Öhman and his re- searchgroupatthePsychologySectionintheDepartmentofClinicalNeurosciences at KarolinskaInstitutet read an earlier versionof Chapters 3 and 4. This provided aconstructiveandrewardingdiscussionwhichwasofparticularvaluetomesince psychologydidnotformpartofmyownprofessionaltraining.SvenDanielssonand themembersofhisresearchseminarinpracticalphilosophyatUppsalaUniversity readChapters5and6andofferedconstructivecriticism.Theircriticalviewshelped me to try to express more clearly the aim of these chapters within the framework ofthebookasawhole.Allthereadersofthebookorpartsofitcancertainlyhave reason to wish for further revisions or indeed for a different presentation of the problem of understanding the role of the agent in the private sphere. I alone am responsibleforthefinalversionwithwhateverresidualdefectsitmaystillpossess. I am also grateful to various bodies who have provided the economic support allowing me to carry out a multidisciplinary research project on questions relat- ing to integrity. They are: Knut and Alice Wallenberg’s Foundation (the National BiobankProgramwithinWallenbergConsortiumNorthandSweGene,theSwedish Council for Social Research, now the Swedish Council for Working Life and So- cialResearch),theFoundationforStrategicResearch,theEthical,LegalandSocial Aspects of Genome and Gene Technology Research (ELSA) Programme and the SwedishAgencyforInnovationSystems,VINNOVA). v vi Foreword Translation ThemanuscripthasbeentranslatedbyDr.CraigMcKay.Besideshislanguageex- pertise I have benefitted greatly from his philosophical insights and his personal interestinquestionsrelatedtoprivacyandintegrity.Ihavereallyenjoyedourcon- versationsthisspringandIam gratefultohimforthe skill,time andefforthehas broughttotheprojectatthisfinalstage. Uppsala,3August2007 MatsG.Hansson Contents Introduction....................................................... 1 A New Approachto Understandingthe Conceptsof Privacy andIntegrity................................................ 1 FourLiteraryContributionsasanIntroductiontoUnderstanding theConceptofIntegrity ...................................... 3 JuhaniAho .......................................... 3 Carl-ErikafGeijerstam ................................ 6 SvenBarthel ......................................... 7 ThePrivateSpherefromaHistoricalandCulturalPerspective ...... 8 ThePrivateSphereasanEmotionalTerritory–APsychological andEvolutionaryPerspective.................................. 9 IntegrityasSomethingWhichisMorallyWorthProtecting......... 11 RespectfortheIndividualasaPersonwithMoralandPolitical Authority–IntegrityfromaPhilosophicalPerspective............. 12 Balancing Seclusion and Participation – Integrity fromthePerspectiveofMoralPhilosophy,JurisprudenceandtheLaw 13 IntegrityasaQualityWorthyofEsteemandRespect .............. 13 TheRelationshipBetweenPrivacyandIntegrity .................. 14 1 ThePrivateSpherefromaHistoricalandCulturalPerspective ....... 15 1.1 IntheSupposedSeclusionoftheHome ......................... 16 1.2 WhatWilltheNeighboursSay?................................ 22 1.3 PowerOverSpiritualLifeandThought–ThePrivateSpherefrom aReligiousPerspective....................................... 25 1.4 ToRetirewithaBook–ThePrivateSpherefromaLiteraryPerspective 29 1.5 ToParticipateinDrawingaLineBetweenWhatIsPublicandWhat IsPrivate................................................... 32 2 The Private Sphere as an Emotional Territory – A Psychological andEvolutionaryPerspective..................................... 33 2.1 EmotionsWhichAreConstitutiveforaPerson’sPrivateSphere..... 33 2.2 TheEmotionalTerritory’sSignificanceinEvolutionaryDevelopment 38 2.3 Integrity–ACompositePropertyoftheIndividual................ 42 vii viii Contents 2.4 ThreeCandidates:Fear,EmbarrassmentandPride ................ 43 2.5 The Role of the Emotions in the Establishment of Social Order–DominanceandSubmission............................ 47 2.6 TheExperienceofSelf ....................................... 49 3 IntegrityasSomethingWorthyofMoralProtection ................. 53 3.1 ATeleologicalPerspectivewithRegardtoIntegrity ............... 54 3.2 The MoralValueofProtectionOriginatinginthe Individual’s CapacityforSentientExperience............................... 56 3.3 The Moral Value of Protection from the Viewpoint oftheIndividual’sCapacityforAction.......................... 59 3.4 IntegrityasaSociallySignificantProperty–TheStartingPoint forMoralIntegrity........................................... 63 4 Respect forthe Individualasa PersonwithMoralandPolitical Authority–IntegrityfromaPhilosophicalPerspective .............. 71 4.1 IndividualFreedomMeaningfulFirstinaSocialContext .......... 73 4.2 IndividualFreedomExhibitedatDifferentSocialLevels ........... 76 4.3 ANewApproachtoSelf-Determination......................... 78 4.4 SocialRecognition:FromSeparationtoParticipation.............. 80 4.5 RespectforIntegrityasSocialRecognition ...................... 82 4.6 TheIndividualasaPersonwithMoralandPoliticalAuthority ...... 86 4.7 ParticipatingwithKnowledge,InsightandInfluence .............. 88 5 Balancing Seclusion and Participation – Integrity from the PerspectiveofMoralPhilosophy .................................. 91 5.1 IstheProtectionofPrivateLifeAdequatelyCoveredbyOtherRights? 94 5.2 SocialConventionsShifttheBoundaries ........................ 95 5.3 TheBasicInterestinAvoidingCertainTypesofInsightandInvasion 98 5.4 TheValueofaDifferentiatedSocialLife ........................ 99 5.5 Non-interferenceDoesNotSolvetheDilemmaofBalancingInterests101 5.6 BasisforBalancingInterests ..................................103 6 Legal Protection– Privacyand Integrity fromthe Perspective ofJurisprudenceandtheLaw ....................................109 6.1 TheDeclarationsSettheBasicTone............................110 6.2 TheSignificanceofthePrivateSphereforDemocracy.............113 6.3 TheRighttoProtectWhatIsOne’sOwn ........................114 6.4 LegislationArrivesattheSameResultbutinDifferentWays .......116 6.5 FocussingonaCarefulLegalProcess...........................118 6.6 TheLimitationsoftheConsentNorm...........................123 6.7 RespectforPrivateLifeasaComplementtotheConsent ..........125 7 IntegrityasaQualityWorthyofEsteemandRespect................133 7.1 TheContinuityoftheConceptofIntegrity.......................133 7.2 BeingTruetoOneselfandOthers ..............................135 Contents ix 7.3 IntegrityasBothaPersonalandSocialProperty..................140 7.4 InContactwiththeInternalGoalofanActivity ..................141 7.5 TheMoralSubstancePsychologicallyGrounded .................144 8 ConclusionsandApplications.....................................151 8.1 Conclusions ................................................151 8.1.1 WhatIsIntegrity?.....................................151 8.1.2 WhyOughtOnetoRespectanIndividual’sIntegrity?.......152 8.1.3 HowShouldtheInterestofIntegritybeWeighedAgainst OtherInterests?......................................153 8.2 Ethical Considerations Involved in Balancing Interests inBiobankResearch .........................................154 8.2.1 BiosamplesTakenforDifferentPurposes .................154 8.2.2 GeneticsasHyperbole.................................156 8.2.3 ToBeLeftinPeacebutattheSameTimetoParticipate .....158 8.2.4 ToParticipateintheDevelopmentofMedicalKnowledge ...160 8.2.5 TheIntegrityoftheResearcherandPersonsinAuthority ....161 References.........................................................163 Index .............................................................173
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