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The Primate Nervous System, Part II PDF

449 Pages·1998·122.81 MB·1-433\449
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THE PRIMATE NERVOUS SYSTEM PART II This Page Intentionally Left Blank HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY Series Editors" A. Bj6rklund and T. H6kfelt Volume 14 THE PRIMATE NERVOUS SYSTEM, PART II Editors ." F.E. BLOOM Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA A. BJORKLUND Department of Medical Cell Research, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden T. HOoo KFELT Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 1998 ELSEVIER Amsterdam- Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo (cid:14)9 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher, Elsevier Science B.V., Copyright and Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, 1000 AM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of the rapid advances in the medical sciences, the Publisher recommends that independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Special regulations for readers in the USA. This publication has been registered with the Copy- right Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the Publisher. ISBN 0-444-82912-1 (volume) ISBN 0-444-90340-2 (series) This book is printed on acid-free paper. Published by: Elsevier Science B.V. P.O. Box 211 1000 AE Amsterdam The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The primate nervous system / editors, F.E. Bloom, A. Bj6rklund, T. H6kfelt. p. cm.-- (Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy ; v. 13, etc.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-444-82558-4 (pt. 1 : alk. paper). -- ISBN 0-444-90340-2 (series : alk. paper) 1. Neurochemistry. 2. Neuroanatomy. 3. Primates -- Physiology. I. Bloom, Floyd E. II. Bj6rk- lund, Anders. 1945- .III H6kfelt, Tomas. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System--chemistry. 2. Central Nervous System--physiology. 3. Central Nervous System--anatomy & histology. 4. Primates. W1 HA51J v. 13 etc./ WL 300 P9525 1997] QM451.H24 1983 [QP356.3] 573.8'331 s--dc21 [573.8198] DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 97-3750 CIP Printed in the Netherlands List of Contributors P.R. HOF E.G. JONES Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Department of Anatomy and Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology Neurobiology University of California, Irvine Department of Geriatrics and Adult Irvine, CA 92697 Development U.S.A. Department of Ophthalmology Mount Sinai School of Medicine J.H. MORRISON New York, NY 10029 Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories U.S.A. Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology G.W. HUNTLEY Department of Geriatrics and Adult Fishberg Research Center for Development Neurobiology Mount Sinai School of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY 10029 New York, NY 10029 U.S.A. U.S.A. This Page Intentionally Left Blank vi Preface This volume is the second in the planned coverage of the neurochemical circuitry of the primate central nervous system. While this volume contains only two chapters, their topics and the extra-ordinarily comprehensive coverage with which their authors have dealt with their topics will nevertheless likely contribute equal amounts of knowl- edge, wisdom, and opportunities for future research extensions as have every volume in this unique series. As such, these chapters extend the goals of this primate series to develop a broadly based coverage of human and non-human primate chemical neuro- anatomic details in a volume which makes clear the known and desirable appreciation for differences between and among subsets of primate brains. Jones covers the Primate Thalamus with equal emphases on New World, Old World, pro-simian and human anatomic details and their differences. After establish- ing the major histochemically definable nuclei of the primate thalamus, he establishes the morphological properties of the major cell types and their chemical attributes and circuitry, and the details of the innervation of these neurons from ascending and descending non-thalamic locations. Lastly he provides an integrated overview of the thalamic circuitry in terms of the functionally defined forms of neuronal information that pass through it. Morrison, Hof and Huntley undertake a comparably comprehensive examination of one of the most intensively studied regions of the primate brain, namely the primate visual cortex. Their coverage includes the primary, secondary and tertiary cortical areas known to participate in visual functions, and likewise covers the characteristic laminations, cells types, intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity patterns and importantly, the degree to which specific neurotransmitters, their receptors, and other neurochem- ical markers, with or without functional attributions have been mapped throughout this complex system, and offer their interpretations as to the functional insights these localizations may provide. While much has been studied, both chapters also reveal how much remains for future efforts in these enormously important regions which are the archetypes of primate sub-cortical and cortical function. FLOYD E. BLOOM ANDERS BJORKLUND TOMAS HOKFELT vii This Page Intentionally Left Blank viii Contents THE THALAMUS OF PRIMATES- E.G. JONES 1. Introduction 1 2. Basic subdivisions of the thalamus 2 3. Nuclear parcellation of the thalamus in representative primates 7 3.1. Prosimian thalami 7 3.2. Thalami of monkeys 12 3.3. The human thalamus 29 4. Histochemistry of the monkey and human thalamus 48 4.1. Introduction 48 4.2. Internal medullary lamina as an acetyl cholinesterase-stained landmark 55 4.3. Nuclei associated with the internal medullary lamina 62 4.3.1. Intralaminar nuclei 62 4.3.2. Ventral nuclei 65 4.3.3. Lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei 66 4.3.4. Anterior nuclei and lateral dorsal nucleus 66 4.3.5. Medial nuclei 66 4.3.6. Medial and lateral geniculate nuclei 67 4.3.7. Posterior complex 67 4.3.8. Ventral thalamus 67 4.3.9. Epithalamus 67 4.4. Integration of nomenclatures applied to human and monkey thalamic nuclei 67 5. The cell types of the primate thalamus 75 5.1. Relay neurons and GABAergic neurons 75 5.2. Morphology of relay neurons 75 5.3. Sizes and projections of relay neurons 77 5.4. Interneurons 79 5.5. Reticular nucleus neurons 79 5.5.1. Introduction 79 5.5.2. Circuitry of the reticular nucleus 83 6. Chemical identities of relay neurons 89 6.1. Specific expression of alpha type II calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase 89 6.2. Calcium binding proteins 89 6.3. CAT301 99 7. Basic circuitry of the primate thalamus 103 7.1. Synaptic structure 103 7.2. Circuitry involving the reticular nucleus 114 7.3. Circuitry involving the corticothalamic projection 115 8. Neurotransmitters and their receptors in the thalamus 119 8.1. Introduction 119 8.2. Excitatory amino acid receptors 119 ix

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