The Primate Nervous System, Part II

449 Pages·1998·122.81 MB·1-433\449

by  F.E. Bloom, A. Björklund and T. Hökfelt (Eds.)

THE PRIMATE NERVOUS SYSTEM
PART II
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HANDBOOK OF
CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
Series Editors" A. Bj6rklund and T. H6kfelt
Volume 14
THE PRIMATE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM, PART II
Editors ."
F.E. BLOOM
Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA,
USA
A. BJORKLUND
Department of Medical Cell Research, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
T. HOoo KFELT
Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
1998
ELSEVIER
Amsterdam- Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo
(cid:14)9 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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ISBN 0-444-82912-1 (volume)
ISBN 0-444-90340-2 (series)
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The primate nervous system / editors, F.E. Bloom, A. Bj6rklund, T. H6kfelt.
p. cm.-- (Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy ; v. 13, etc.)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-444-82558-4 (pt. 1 : alk. paper). -- ISBN 0-444-90340-2 (series : alk. paper)
1. Neurochemistry. 2. Neuroanatomy. 3. Primates -- Physiology. I. Bloom, Floyd E. II. Bj6rk-
lund, Anders. 1945- .III H6kfelt, Tomas. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System--chemistry. 2. Central Nervous System--physiology.
3. Central Nervous System--anatomy & histology. 4. Primates. W1 HA51J v. 13 etc./ WL 300
P9525 1997]
QM451.H24 1983
[QP356.3]
573.8'331 s--dc21
[573.8198]
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 97-3750
CIP
Printed in the Netherlands
List of Contributors
P.R. HOF E.G. JONES
Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Department of Anatomy and
Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology
Neurobiology University of California, Irvine
Department of Geriatrics and Adult Irvine, CA 92697
Development U.S.A.
Department of Ophthalmology
Mount Sinai School of Medicine J.H. MORRISON
New York, NY 10029 Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories
U.S.A. Fishberg Research Center for
Neurobiology
G.W. HUNTLEY Department of Geriatrics and Adult
Fishberg Research Center for Development
Neurobiology Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY 10029
New York, NY 10029 U.S.A.
U.S.A.
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vi
Preface
This volume is the second in the planned coverage of the neurochemical circuitry of
the primate central nervous system. While this volume contains only two chapters,
their topics and the extra-ordinarily comprehensive coverage with which their authors
have dealt with their topics will nevertheless likely contribute equal amounts of knowl-
edge, wisdom, and opportunities for future research extensions as have every volume
in this unique series. As such, these chapters extend the goals of this primate series to
develop a broadly based coverage of human and non-human primate chemical neuro-
anatomic details in a volume which makes clear the known and desirable appreciation
for differences between and among subsets of primate brains.
Jones covers the Primate Thalamus with equal emphases on New World, Old
World, pro-simian and human anatomic details and their differences. After establish-
ing the major histochemically definable nuclei of the primate thalamus, he establishes
the morphological properties of the major cell types and their chemical attributes and
circuitry, and the details of the innervation of these neurons from ascending and
descending non-thalamic locations. Lastly he provides an integrated overview of the
thalamic circuitry in terms of the functionally defined forms of neuronal information
that pass through it.
Morrison, Hof and Huntley undertake a comparably comprehensive examination of
one of the most intensively studied regions of the primate brain, namely the primate
visual cortex. Their coverage includes the primary, secondary and tertiary cortical
areas known to participate in visual functions, and likewise covers the characteristic
laminations, cells types, intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity patterns and importantly,
the degree to which specific neurotransmitters, their receptors, and other neurochem-
ical markers, with or without functional attributions have been mapped throughout
this complex system, and offer their interpretations as to the functional insights these
localizations may provide.
While much has been studied, both chapters also reveal how much remains for
future efforts in these enormously important regions which are the archetypes of
primate sub-cortical and cortical function.
FLOYD E. BLOOM ANDERS BJORKLUND TOMAS HOKFELT
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Contents
THE THALAMUS OF PRIMATES- E.G. JONES
1. Introduction 1
2. Basic subdivisions of the thalamus 2
3. Nuclear parcellation of the thalamus in representative primates 7
3.1. Prosimian thalami 7
3.2. Thalami of monkeys 12
3.3. The human thalamus 29
4. Histochemistry of the monkey and human thalamus 48
4.1. Introduction 48
4.2. Internal medullary lamina as an acetyl cholinesterase-stained
landmark 55
4.3. Nuclei associated with the internal medullary lamina 62
4.3.1. Intralaminar nuclei 62
4.3.2. Ventral nuclei 65
4.3.3. Lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei 66
4.3.4. Anterior nuclei and lateral dorsal nucleus 66
4.3.5. Medial nuclei 66
4.3.6. Medial and lateral geniculate nuclei 67
4.3.7. Posterior complex 67
4.3.8. Ventral thalamus 67
4.3.9. Epithalamus 67
4.4. Integration of nomenclatures applied to human and monkey
thalamic nuclei 67
5. The cell types of the primate thalamus 75
5.1. Relay neurons and GABAergic neurons 75
5.2. Morphology of relay neurons 75
5.3. Sizes and projections of relay neurons 77
5.4. Interneurons 79
5.5. Reticular nucleus neurons 79
5.5.1. Introduction 79
5.5.2. Circuitry of the reticular nucleus 83
6. Chemical identities of relay neurons 89
6.1. Specific expression of alpha type II calcium/calmodulin-
dependent protein kinase 89
6.2. Calcium binding proteins 89
6.3. CAT301 99
7. Basic circuitry of the primate thalamus 103
7.1. Synaptic structure 103
7.2. Circuitry involving the reticular nucleus 114
7.3. Circuitry involving the corticothalamic projection 115
8. Neurotransmitters and their receptors in the thalamus 119
8.1. Introduction 119
8.2. Excitatory amino acid receptors 119
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