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The precariat : the new dangerous class PDF

209 Pages·2011·4.762 MB·English
by  StandingGuy
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The Precariat PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb ii 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM This page intentionally left blank The Precariat The New Dangerous Class Guy Standing B L O O M S B U R Y A C A D E M I C PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb iiiiii 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM First published in 2011 by Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 36 Soho Square, London W1D 3QY, UK and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA Copyright © Guy Standing 2011. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. For permission to publish commercial versions please contact Bloomsbury Academic. CIP records for this book are available from the British Library and the Library of Congress ISBN (hardback) 978-1-84966-352-6 ISBN (paperback) 978-1-84966-351-9 ISBN (ebook) 978-1-84966-456-1 ISBN (ebook PDF) 978-1-84966-454-7 This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, Bodmin, Cornwall Cover designer: MP Cover image: Construction Workers at Kings Cross by Colin Gray www.CGPGrey.com CC licensed www.bloomsburyacademic.com Contents Preface vii List of Abbreviations ix 1 The Precariat 1 2 Why the Precariat Is Growing 26 3 Who Enters the Precariat? 59 4 Migrants: Victims, Villains or Heroes? 90 5 Labour, Work and the Time Squeeze 115 6 A Politics of Inferno 132 7 A Politics of Paradise 155 Bibliography 184 Index 191 v PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb vv 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM This page intentionally left blank Preface T his book is about a new group in the world, a class-in-the-making. It sets out to answer fi ve questions: What is it? Why should we care about its growth? Why is it growing? Who is entering it? And where is the precariat taking us? That last question is crucial. There is a danger that, unless the precariat is understood, its emergence could lead society towards a politics of inferno. This is not a prediction. It is a disturbing possibility. It will only be avoided if the precariat can become a class-for-itself, with effective agency, and a force for forging a new ‘politics of paradise’, a mildly utopian agenda and strategy to be taken up by politicians and by what is euphemistically called ‘civil society’, including the multitude of non-governmental organisations that too often fl irt with becoming quasi-government organisations. We need to wake up to the global precariat urgently. There is a lot of anger out there and a lot of anxiety. But although this book highlights the victim side of the precariat more than the liberating side, it is worth stating at the outset that it is wrong to see the precariat in purely suffering terms. Many drawn into it are looking for something better than what was offered in industrial society and by twentieth century labourism. They may no more deserve the name of Hero than Victim. But they are beginning to show why the precariat can be a harbinger of the Good Society of the twenty-fi rst century. The context is that, while the precariat has been growing, globalisation’s hidden reality has come to the surface with the 2008 fi nancial shock. Postponed for too long, global adjustment is pushing the high-income countries down as it pulls the low-income countries up. Unless the inequalities wilfully neglected by most governments in the past two decades are radically redressed, the pain and repercussions could become explosive. The global market economy may eventually raise living standards everywhere – even its critics should wish that – but it is surely only ideologues who can deny that it has brought economic insecurity to many, many millions. The precariat is in the front ranks, but it has yet to fi nd the Voice to bring its agenda to the fore. It is not ‘the squeezed middle’ or an ‘underclass’ or ‘the lower working class’. It has a distinctive bundle of insecurities and will have an equally distinctive set of demands. In the early stages of writing the book, a presentation of the themes was made to what turned out to be a largely ageing group of academics of a social democratic persuasion. Most greeted the ideas with scorn and said there was nothing new. For them, the answer today was the same as it was when they were young. More jobs were needed, more decent jobs. All I will say to those respected fi gures is that I think the precariat would have been unimpressed. vii PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb vviiii 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM viii PREFACE There are too many people to thank all of them individually for helping in the thinking behind the book. However, I would like to thank the many groups of students and activists who have listened to presentations of the themes in the sixteen countries visited during its preparation. One hopes their insights and questions have fi ltered into the fi nal text. Suffi ce it to add that the author of a book like this is mainly a conveyor of the thoughts of others. Guy Standing November 2010 PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb vviiiiii 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM Abbreviations AARP American Association of Retired Persons AFL-CIO A merican Federation of Labor/Congress of Industrial Organizations BBVA Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria BIEN Basic Income Earth Network CBT Cognitive behavioural therapy CCT Conditional cash transfer CIA Central Intelligence Agency CRI Crime Reduction Initiatives EHRC Equality and Human Rights Commission (UK) EU European Union GCSE General Certifi cate of Secondary Education IMF International Monetary Fund LIFO Last-in, fi rst-out NGO Non-governmental organisation NIC Newly industrialising country OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development RMI Revenu minimum d’insertion SEWA Self-Employed Women’s Association of India UKBA UK Border Agency UMP Union pour un Mouvement Populaire ix PPrreelliimmss..iinnddbb iixx 44//1111//1111 99::5577 AAMM

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