The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution, Theory and Administration

328 Pages·2010·2.85 MB·English

by  Keith Hamilton, Richard Langhorne

The Practice of Diplomacy
The Practice of Diplomacy has become established as a classic text in the
studyof diplomacy. This much-needed second edition is completely reworked
and updated throughout and builds on the strengths of the original text with
a strong empirical and historical focus.
Topics new and updated for this edition include:
(cid:1) Discussion of Ancient and non-European diplomacy, including a more
thoroughtreatmentofpre-Hellenic,earlyArabandChinesediplomacy,and
the practices prevalent in the inter-state system of Indian sub-continent.
(cid:1) Examination of the diplomacy of pre-colonial Africa and the diplomatic
methods devised for combating the slave trade.
(cid:1) An expanded account of the multilateral and summit diplomacy of the
Cold War, drawing on the latest scholarship in the field.
(cid:1) An entirely new chapter discussing the diffusion of diplomacy in an era of
globalization; NGOs and coalitions of NGOs; the influence of trans-
national corporations; developmental and transformational assistance; the
impact of the revolution in electronic communications; and the new public
diplomacy.
(cid:1) A revised concluding chapter.
This book has established itself as a core text in the field of diplomacy and
this new edition is absolutely essential reading for students and practitioners
of diplomacy.
Keith Hamilton is an historian in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. His
most recent publication (co-edited Patrick Salmon) is Slavery, Diplomacy and
Empire: Britain and the Suppression of the Slave Trade, 1807–1975 (2009).
Richard Langhorne is Professor of Global Politics at the University of
BuckinghamandaFullProfessorintheDivisionofGlobalAffairsatRutgers
University,USA.HewasformerlyDirectorofWiltonPark,FCO(1993–1996),
and Director of the Centre of International Studies at Cambridge University
(1987–1993).

The Practice of Diplomacy
Its evolution, theory and administration
Second edition
Keith Hamilton and Richard Langhorne
Firstpublished1995byRoutledge,
SecondEditionpublished2011
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
©1995,2011KeithHamilton&RichardLanghorne
TherightofKeithHamiltonandRichardLanghornetobeidentified
asauthorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordance
withtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,
orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including
photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor
retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Hamilton,Keith,1942–
Thepracticeofdiplomacy:itsevolution,theory,andadministration/Keith
HamiltonandRichardLanghorne.–2nded.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Diplomacy.2.Diplomacy–History.I.Langhorne,Richard,1940–
II.Title.
JZ1305.H3652010
327.2–dc22 2010013606
ISBN 0-203-84189-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-49764-0 (hbk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-49765-7(pbk)
ISBN13:978-0-203-84189-1(ebk)
Contents
Preface to the second edition vii
Abbreviations viii
Introduction 1
PARTI
From the beginnings until 1815 5
1 The Old World 7
2 The diplomacy of the Renaissance and the
resident ambassador 37
3 The emergence of the ‘old diplomacy’ 61
PARTII
From 1815 to the present 91
4 The ‘old diplomacy’ 93
5 The ‘new diplomacy’ 141
6 Total diplomacy 185
7 Diplomacy diffused 229
vi Contents
PARTIII
Conclusion 255
8 Diplomacy transformed and transcended 257
Notes 272
Bibliography 295
Index 303
Preface to the second edition
This book was conceived in the late 1980s as abrief historyof diplomacy for
students of international politics. Shortly before the first edition was com-
pleted the enterprise was expanded in scope and content to take account of
changed perspectives and newly emerging practices following the collapse of
communism in eastern and east-central Europe and the end of the Cold War.
During the past fifteenyears the pace of change has not abated. Our purpose
has, nevertheless, remained much the same. The first chapter has been exten-
ded to allow more discussion of ancient practice and non-European tradi-
tions;awhollynewChapter7,examiningthemainlinesofnewdevelopments
in diplomacy since 1995, has been inserted; and other chapters, including the
Conclusion, have been revised. We hope the resulting second edition will
continue to provide a useful introduction to those seeking to understand the
ways in which diplomacy has evolved and the workof its practitioners.
We remain indebted to Professor Derek Beales, the late Mr Richard Bone,
Dr Eleanor Breuning, the late Mrs Glyn Daniel, Miss Jane Davis, Dr Erik
Goldstein,DrAnnLane,DrFrederickParsonsandDrMoorheadWrightfor
theirsupportinthepreparationoftheoriginalbook.Inrespectofthissecond
edition we are grateful to Ms Jane Hogan, the Assistant Keeper of the
Archives and Special Collections of Durham University Library, for permis-
sion to cite and quote from the Wylde papers in her custody, and to
Mr Grant Hibberd, Dr Geoffrey Pigman and Mr Ian Roberts for all their
advice and help. Mr James Amemasor is owed particular thanks for his
assistance with the expansion of Chapter 1. The finished product remains,
however, wholly our own responsibility.
Keith Hamilton and Richard Langhorne
St Patrick’s Day, 2010
Abbreviations
ACPG African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
AID Agency for International Development (US)
AMTE Allied Maritime Transport Executive
AO Auslandsorganisation
APA Aussenpolitischesamt
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
CFE Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives (EC/EU)
CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
CSO Civil Society Organization
EC European Community/Communities
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
EEC European Economic Community
EPC European Political Co-operation
ERP European Recovery Programme
FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GC&CS Government Code and Cypher School
GCHQ Government Communications Headquarters
GRU Glavnoye Razvedivatel’noye Upravileniy
HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(World Bank)
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICVA International Committee of Voluntary Associations
IGO Inter-Governmental Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
KGB Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti
KHF Know How Fund
MAI Multilateral Agreement on Investment
MEI Multilateral Economic Institution
Abbreviations ix
MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Sur
MITI Ministryof International Trade and Industry
MSF Médécins sans Frontières (Doctorswithout Borders)
NAFTA North American Free Trade Association
NAM Non-Aligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIEO New International Economic Order
NSC National Security Council (USA)
NSEE Non-state Economic Entity
OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OEEC Organization for European Economic Co-operation
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSS Office of Strategic Services
PLO Palestine Liberation Organization
RSHA Reichssicherheitshauptamt
SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks/Treaty
SIS Secret Intelligence Service
SOE Special Operations Executive
SRE US Special Representative for Europe
SS Schutzstaffel
START Stabilization and Reconstruction Task Force (Canada)
TNC Transnational Corporation
TRIMS Trade Related Investment Measures
UDC Union of Democratic Control
UKTI United Kingdom Trade and Investment
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
USIA US Information Agency
USRO US Mission to NATO and European Regional Organizations
VDA Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland
WEF World Economic Forum
WTO World Trade Organization