The physiologia of Jean Fernel (1567)

653 Pages·2003·47.41 MB·English

by  Jean Fernel

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the of
^hysiologia
Fernel
Jean
(1567)
Translated and Annotated
by
M. Forrester
John
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the of
Vhysiologia
Fernel
Jean
(1567)
1
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The title page from Jean Fernels Universa Medicina,
in in Paris Andreas Wechel.
published 1567 by Courtesy
of the Collections Librarian of the of
Special University
Edinburgh. The Physiologia is only one component of
theM edicina.
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IO.FERNELII
A M B I A N I,
vniuerfa Medicina,
TRIBVS ET VIGINTI
LIBRIS ABSOLV?A.
e^J5 IPSO A FT H O R E
QJTIDEM
ante obitum er libr? nun
diligent recogmta,& quatuor quant
ante edit?,aa praxim tarnenp erquamnecejfari? ati?a>
??>N unc autemftudio &: diligentia Guil. Planrij Cenomani poftrem?m elimata,
&. inlibrmn Tlierapeutices feptimum dodiffimis fcholiis illuilrata.
APVD ANDREAM VECHELVM,
fub inv ico Bellouaco.
Pegaib,
I557.
Cum ad fexennium.
priuilegioR egis
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h E o f
^hysiologia
Fernel
Jean
(1567)
Translated and Annotated
by
M. Forrester
John
with an Introduction
by
Henry
John
and
M. Forrester
John
American
Philosophical Society
Philadelphia 2003
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Copyright ? 2003 by the American Philosophical Society for its Transactions series.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-87169-931-1
US ISSN: 0065-9746
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fernel, Jean, 1497-1558.
The physiologiao fJ eanF ernel (1567)/ translateda nd annotatedb y JohnM . Forrester,a nd
with an introduction by John Henry and John M. Forrester.
p. cm.? (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society ; v. 93, pt. 1)
Text in Latin and English.
Includes a translation; does not constitute a translation as aw hole. Original language, Latin.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87169-931-1 (pbk.)
1.M edicine?Early works to 1800. 2. Physiology?Early works to 1800. I. Forrester, J.
M. (JohnM.) II. Tide. III. Series.
R128.6.F44 2003
610?dc2i
2002028237
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CONTENTS
xvii
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Tradition and Reform: Jean FerneFs Physiologia (1567) 1
FerneFs Place in the ofM edicine 1
History
The Importance of FerneFs Physiologia 4
The and This Translation 8
Physiologia
BOOK 1
description of the parts of the human body
de partium corporis humanidescriptione.
liber primus.
1. The order of and demonstration inw hich the art of
Chapter teaching
medicine should be doctrinae demonstrationis
arranged. Quo atque
ordine ars medica constituenda sit. Cap. I. 14
2. The difference between the human and those of the
Chapter body
other animals, and the parts that both share. Quid hominis corpus ?
caeterisd istat animantibus, quasquepartes habet cum Ulis communes.
II. 16
Cap.
Chapter 3. The bones. De ossibus. Cap. III. 20
Chapter 4. The cartilages, joints, and ligaments. De cartilaginibus,
articulisy et vinculis. Cap. IIII. 38
Chapter 5. The muscles and tendons. De musculis et tendonibus. Cap. V. 44
Chapter 6. The function of the internal parts tow hich we owe our life
and nutrition, and the need for them. Quis ususpartium interiorum,
quarum beneficio vivimus et nutrimur, quae illarum n?cessitas. Cap. VI. 62
Chapter 7. The internal parts held within the lower belly. Departibus
interioribus ventre conclusis. VII. 66
infero Cap.
Chapter 8. The vital parts. Departibus vitalibus. Cap. VIII. 86
vu
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VIH CONTENTS
Chapter 9. The head. De capite. Cap. IX 100
Chapter 10. The nerves. De neruis. Cap. X. 114
11. The veins. De venis. XL 122
Chapter Cap.
Chapter 12. The arteries. De arteriis. Cap. XLL. 138
Chapter 13. The membranes and the skin.D e membranis et cute.
Cap.X LLL 144
Chapter 14. Flesh and soft parts. De carne mollib?squepartibus.
Cap. XLLLL. 150
Chapter 15. Fat, marrow, hairs, and nails. De adipe, medulla, pilis, et
vnguibus. Cap. XV 154
16. Conduct of the dissection. Consectionis ratio. XVL. 160
Chapter Cap.
Peroration.
176
BOOK 2
THE ELEMENTS
DE ELEMENTIS. LIB. II.
Introduction. 180
Praefatio.
Chapter 1. Resolving the human body into composite parts and simple
Humani in turn turn
parts. corporis partes compositas, simplices
dissolutio. I. 182
Cap.
Chapter 2.W hat is a part of the body, and the correct numbers of
and similar et ac
simple parts. Quid pars corporis, quot simplices
dinumerentur. II. 186
similarespropri? Cap.
Chapter 3.W hat should be called an element, what parts in the body
should be called elements for doctors, and what should be called
principles. Quid elementum, quae medicis in corporep artes elementa,et
quaeprincipia did debeant. Cap. III. 192
Chapter 4. The reasoning on which earth, water, air, and fire are called
the elements of everything. Quibus rationibus terra, aqua, a?r et ignis
rerum omnium elementa dicantur. Cap. IIII. 194
Chapter 5. The body of man, like those of everything else, is united and
held the coalescence of the four elements.
together by Corpus
hominis, vt caeterorum omnium, ex quatuor elementorum concretione
necti et contineri. Cap. V 198
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CONTENTS ix
Chapter 6. Against recent authorities who believe that only the powers
of elements, and not their substances, reside within us. Contra
iuniores qui elementorum solas vires, non item substantias in nobis
inesse. VI. 200
putant Cap.
Chapter 7. A more searching inquiry into the mixture of elements. De
elementorump ermistione diligentior inquisitio. Cap. VII. 204
Chapter 8.W hether thew hole of the substances of elements pervades
or thew hole of their Vtrum
everything completely, only qualities.
elementorum substantiae, an qualitates solae totis totaep erfundantur.
VLIL 208
Cap.
BOOK 3
THE TEMPERAMENTS
DE TEMPERAMENTS. LIB. III.
Chapter 1.W hat a temperament is, and how Avicenna defined it
wrongly. Quid temperamentum, vtque idperperam definieritA uicennas.
CaI.p . 214
Chapter 2. That contraries gather into the same thing, and how the
powers of each are to be judged. Contraria in idem confluere,e t vnde
singulorum vires aestimentur. Cap. II. 218
Chapter 3. The number and nature of distinctions between
temperaments. Temperamentorum differentiae quot qual?sque sin t.
III. 222
Cap.
Chapter 4. What ism oderated by justice, what ism oderated by mass,
and that both really exist in the nature of things. Quid iustitia, quid
pondere temperatum, vtrumque in rerum natura ver? subsistere.
Cap. IIII. 224
Chapter 5. Human touch is the decisive assessor for distinguishing
temperament. Hominis tactum, discernendi temperamenti legem esse et
iudicem. 228
Cap.V
Chapter 6. The tempering of individual parts of the human body. De
singularum partium corporish umani temperatura. Cap. VI. 232
Chapter 7. The temperament of a man as a whole, and that not
is hot. De vniuersi hominis
everything living temperamento, ?eque
viuens omne calidum esse. VII.
Cap. 236
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X CONTENTS
Chapter 8. Touch does not straightforwardly discover the temperament
of internal parts. Vt tactus non simpliciterpartium interiorum
temperamenta discern?t. Cap. VIII. 240
Chapter 9. The inborn temperament is altered by many causes, and the
basis on which this occurs. Multis ex causis
ingenitum temperamentum
mutari, qu?que id ratione accidat. Cap. IX. 242
Chapter 10. Age, the distinctions between ages, and how with
increasing age everyone's temperament changes. Quid aetas, quot
aetatum illarum
differentiae, vtque progressu cuiusque temperamentum
vertatur. Cap. X. 244
Chapter 11. No temperament should be called bilious, sanguineous,
phlegmatic, or melancholic. Temperamentum nullum biliosum,
sanguineum, pituitosum, aut melancholicum did oportere.C ap. XI. 252
BOOK 4
THE SPIRITS AND THE INNATE HEAT
DE SPIRITIBUS ET INNATO CALIDO. LIB. IIII.
1. A heat resides in us and all and is divine.
Chapter living things,
Calorem quendam in nobis cunctisque viuentibus inesse, e?mque
diuinum. Cap. I. 256
2. A to all is associated with the vital
Chapter spirit given living things
heat. Spiritum quendam cunctisd atum viuentibus, qui vitae calorem
continet. II. 260
Cap.
Chapter 3. The material of both heat and spirit is recognized in us, on
the model of bodies that take fire. Corporum quae incenduntur
exemplo, materiam turn caloris, turn Spiritus in nobis cognosd. Cap. III. 264
Chapter 4. Proof of the original moisture, which is the material
underlying both heat and spirit.H umidiprimigenij quod turn caloris,
turn Spiritus subiecta estm ateria, demonstrado. Cap. IIII. 268
Chapter 5. The triple substance of a similar part, and the other
distinctions between humors. De triplici similarispartis substantia, et
de caeteris humorum differentiis. Cap. V 272
Chapter 6. What the innate heat is and what its substance is. Quid
innatum calidum, quae eius substantia. Cap. VI. 276
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