The Physical Basis for Heterogeneous Catalysis

604 Pages·1975·11.645 MB·English

by  P. H. Emmett (auth.), Edmund Drauglis, Robert I. Jaffee (eds.)

WITHDRAWN FROM
THE BAILEY/HOWE LIBRARY
UNIVE RSITY OF VERMONT
THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
BATTELLE INSTITUTE
MATERIALS SCIENCE COLLOQUIA
Published by Plenum Press
1972: Interatomic Potentials and Simulation of Lattice Defects
Edited by Pierre C. Gehlen, Joe R. Beeler, Jr., and Robert I. Jaffee
1973: Deformation and Fracture of High Polymers
Edited by H. Henning Kausch, John A. Hassell, and Robert I. Jaffee
1974: Defects and Transport in Oxides
Edited by Martin S. Seltzer and Robert I. Jaffee
1975: The Physical Basis for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Edited by Edmund Drauglis and Robert I. Jaffee
In preparation:
1976: Fundamental Aspects of Structural Alloy Design
THE PHYSICAL
BASIS FOR
HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
Edited by
EDMUND DRAUGLIS
Physics, Electronics and Nuclear Technology Department
Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus Laboratories
ROBERT I. JAFFEE
Materials Science Department
Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus Laboratories
BATTELLE INSTITUTE
MATERIALS SCIENCE COLLOQUIA
Gstaad, Switzerland
September 2-6, 1974
Robert I. Jaffee, Chairman
PLENUM PRESS • New York - London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Battelle Institute Materials Science Colloquia, 9th, Gstaad, Switzerland, 1974.
The physical basis for heterogeneous catalysis.
Includes indexes.
1. Catalysis-Congresses. I. Jaffee, Robert Isaac, 1917- II. Drauglis, Ed-
mund, 1933- III. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio. IV. Title.
QD505.B37 1974 541'.395 75-41427
ISBN-I3: 978-1-4615-8761-3 e-ISBN-I3: 978-1-4615-8759-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8759-0
©1975 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1975
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWlO 6SE, England
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
To PROFESSOR PAUL H. EMMETT
for his contributions to heterogeneous catalysis over fifty
years.
PARTICIPANTS
S. ANDERSSON Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden
J. R. ANTONINI Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
A. BAG CHI University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
D. W. BASSETT Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England
J. H. BLOCK Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Dahlem,
West Germany
G. C. BOND Brunei University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, England
M. BOUDART Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A.
R. A. CRAIG Battelle, Columbus LAboratories, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
E. DEROUANE Facult/s Universitaires N.-D., Bruxelles, Belgium
E. DRAUGLIS Battelle, Columbus LAboratories, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
H. EHRENREICH Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
G. EHRLICH University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,
U.S.A.
R. P. EISCHENS Texaco, Inc., Beacon, New York, U.S.A.
P. H. EMMETT Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
G. ERTL Universitat Munchen, Munchen, West Germany
J. FIGAR Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
T. E. FISCHER Esso Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey,
U.S.A.
J. J. FRIPIAT Universite Catholique de Louvain, Heverleee, Belgium
T. B. GRIMLEY University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
H. D. HAGSTRUM Bel/LAboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, U.S.A.
W. HAIDINGER Technicum Cantonal, Bienne, Switzerland
G. HOCHSTRASSER Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
vii
viii PARTICIPANTS
B. IMELIK Institute de Recherches sur la Catalysis, Villeurbanne, France
R. I. JAFFEE Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
L. JANSEN Battelle, Advanced Studies Center, Geneva, Switzerland
K. H. JOHNSON Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts. U.S.A.
C. KEMBALL University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
C. W. KERN Battelle Institute, Columbus Center, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
W. KOHN University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A.
D. H. LESTER Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington,
U.S.A.
R. MASON University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, England
D. MENZEL Technische Universitat Miinchen, Munchen, West Germany
R. P. MESSMER General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, U.S.A.
E. W. MONTROLL University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
D. NEWNS Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England
J.OUDAR Universite de Paris, Appliquee, Paris, France
E. W. PLUMMER University of Pennsylvania, Phi/adelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
T. N. RHODIN Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
N. ROSCH Universitat Miinchen, Miinchen, West Germany
L. D. SCHMIDT University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.
J. R. SCHRIEFFER University of Pennsylvania, Phi/adelphia, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A.
G. M. SCHWAB Universitiit Miinchen, Miinchen, West Germany
J. R. SMITH General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan, U.S.A.
G. A. SOMORJAI University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
H. SUHL University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A.
K. TAMARU The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
J. T. WABER Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.
C. WAGNER Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie, Postfach,
Germany
v.,
G. WALTER Battelle-Institut e. Frankfurt, Germany
M. B. WEBB University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
G. WOLKEN, JR., Battelle Institute Columbus Center, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
P. WYNBLATT Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A.
J. T. YATES National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
PREFACE
THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS is
the proceedings of the ninth Battelle Colloquium in the Materials Sciences,
held in Gstaad, Switzerland, September 2-6, 1974. It took as its theme the
application of modern theoretical and experimental surface physics to
heterogeneous catalysis. Progress in the field by classical chemical methods
seemed to have slowed down, at a time when the need for better catalysts
was particularly great. The Organizing Committee thought it might be
possible to accelerate progress by the application of the powerful techniques
evolved in recent years for studying atomically clean surfaces. However, the
translation of ideas derived from clean single crystal surfaces with well
characterized chemisorbed layers to real catalysts with high ratios of surface
to mass on which reactions were taking place and requiring transport of
mass and energy is a giant step, raising many questions and requiring
thorough discussion by surface physicists on the one hand and catalytic
chemists on the other. The 1974 Battelle Colloquium provided a forum for
this exchange.
As its usual custom, the Colloquium started the first day of introduc
tory lectures by three distinguished scientists who have contributed impor
tantly over many years to this field. On following days, the overall field was
divided into the following sessions:
Experiments on Clean Metal Surfaces with Adsorbates
Theory of Chemisorption
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