The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language

773 Pages·2016·4.718 MB·

by  Victor Ginsburgh, Shlomo Weber

The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language
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The Palgrave Handbook of
Economics and Language
Editedby
Victor Ginsburgh
and
Shlomo Weber
Palgrave
macmillan
Selection,introductionandeditorialmatter©VictorGinsburghand
ShlomoWeber2016
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2016
Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2016978-1-137-32504-4
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Firstpublished2016by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN
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ISBN978-1-349-67307-0 ISBN978-1-137-32505-1(eBook)
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Contents
ListofFiguresandTables xii
NotesonContributors xv
Introduction 1
VictorGinsburghandShlomoWeber
Part I LinguisticDiversity:OriginsandMeasurement
1 LinguisticTheory,LinguisticDiversityandWhorfian
Economics 17
NigelFabb
1.1 Introduction 17
1.2 Abstractlinguisticform,andtherulesandconditions
whichgovernit 17
1.3 Linguisticdiversity:Anillustrativecomparisonbetween
twolanguages 30
1.4 Theoriesoflinguisticdiversity 38
1.5 Whorfianpsychologyandeconomics:Causalrelations
betweenlanguageandthought 42
1.6 Non-Whorfianproposalsthatlanguageinfluencesthought 55
1.7 Conclusion 56
2 DynamicModelsofLanguageEvolution:TheLinguistic
Perspective 61
AndrewD.M.Smith
2.1 Introduction 61
2.2 Languagediversity 62
2.3 Languagechange 72
2.4 Dynamicmodelsoflanguage 82
2.5 Conclusion 93
3 DynamicModelsofLanguageEvolution:TheEconomic
Perspective 101
AndrewJohn
3.1 Introduction 101
3.2 Howeconomicforcescaninfluencelanguagedynamics 102
v
vi Contents
3.3 Feedbackmechanisms 103
3.4 Economicmodelsoflanguagelearningandlanguageuse 104
3.5 Dynamiceconomicmodelsoflanguageuse 107
3.6 Conclusion 117
4 WhatDoWeLearnfromNeurolinguistics? 121
MarkLeikin
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Terms,definitionsandresearchareas 121
4.3 Brainandlanguage 125
4.4 Evolutionofbrainandlanguagerelationships 127
4.5 Developmentofbrainandlanguagerelationships
inchildhood 128
4.6 Theneurolinguisticsofbilingualism 130
4.7 Conclusion 132
5 LinguisticDistancesandEthnolinguisticFractionalization
andDisenfranchisementIndices 137
VictorGinsburghandShlomoWeber
5.1 Introduction 137
5.2 Languages,dialectsandtradelanguages 138
5.3 Distancesbetweenlanguages 141
5.4 Theeffectsoflinguisticdistancesoneconomicoutcomes 154
5.5 Linguisticdistancesbetweengroups 155
5.6 Fractionalizationanddisenfranchisementindices 156
6 Ancestry,LanguageandCulture 174
EnricoSpolaoreandRomainWacziarg
6.1 Introduction 174
6.2 Ancestry 177
6.3 Culture 185
6.4 Ancestryandculture:Asimpleconceptualframework 193
6.5 Ancestryandculture:Empiricalevidence 195
6.6 Conclusion 206
7 LanguageLearningandCommunicativeBenefits 212
EfthymiosAthanasiou,JuanD.Moreno-TerneroandShlomoWeber
7.1 Introduction 212
7.2 Communicativebenefits 214
7.3 Efficiency 218
7.4 Efficientchoicesofofficiallanguages 222
7.5 Conclusion 228
Contents vii
8 LanguageandEmotion 231
NiallBondandVictorGinsburgh
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Emotionsandthepolyglot 232
8.3 Choosinglanguageswithinlanguagecommunities 237
8.4 ‘Colonized’writers 240
8.5 Migratingwriters 243
8.6 Betweenlanguages:Nabokov,GreenandTabucchi 249
8.7 ‘Denying’thelanguageinwhichtheywrote:
KafkaandDerrida 254
8.8 Conclusion 257
Part II LanguagesandMarkets
9 CommonSpokenLanguagesandInternationalTrade 263
PeterH.EggerandFaridToubal
9.1 Introduction 263
9.2 Commonnativeandspokenlanguagesaroundtheglobe
andtheirmeasures 264
9.3 Atradeeconomist’sstylizedviewonlanguages 268
9.4 Empiricalresults 275
9.5 Conclusion 287
10 EconomicExchangeandBusinessLanguageintheAncient
World:AnExploratoryReview 290
NigelHolden
10.1 Introduction 290
10.2 Languageconsiderations 292
10.3 Contextoftradeandantiquity 293
10.4 Thewrittenword 297
10.5 ThespokenlanguageofbusinessintheAncientWorld 301
10.6 Commercialtermsinvariouslanguages
oftheAncientWorld 303
10.7 ThebusinessmanasunsavourypersonageinGreek
andLatinliterature 304
10.8 Latin:Notjustalinguafranca 306
10.9 Conclusion 307
11 LanguageUseinMultinationalCorporations:TheRoleof
SpecialLanguagesandCorporateIdiolects 312
SusanneTietze,NigelHoldenandWilhelmBarner-Rasmussen
11.1 Introduction 312
11.2 CitiesandtheMNC 313
viii Contents
11.3 ResearchonlanguageaspectsoftheMNC:
Apragmaticperspective 318
11.4 Speciallanguages 328
11.5 Discussion 335
11.6 Conclusion 336
12 LanguageandMigration 342
AlíciaAdseràandMariolaPytliková
12.1 Introduction 342
12.2 Theroleoflanguageinmigrationdecisions 342
12.3 Languageproficiencyamongmigrants 350
12.4 Languageandthereturnstohumancapital 353
12.5 Languageandmigrants’socio-economicassimilation 361
12.6 Conclusion 365
13 Translation:EconomicandSociologicalPerspectives 373
JohanHeilbronandGisèleSapiro
13.1 Introduction 373
13.2 Internationaltranslationflowsandtheglobalmarket
oftranslations 376
13.3 Political,economicandculturalfactors 383
13.4 Selection,importandreceptionpatterns 390
13.5 Conclusion 397
14 Languages,FeesandtheInternationalScopeofPatenting 403
DietmarHarhoff,KarinHoisl,BrunovanPottelsberghedelaPotterie
andCharlotteVandeput
14.1 Introduction 403
14.2 Institutionalbackgroundandhypotheses 405
14.3 Dataandeconometricmodelling 409
14.4 Empiricalimplementationandresults 415
14.5 Conclusion 419
Part III LinguisticPoliciesandEconomicDevelopment
15 LinguisticCleavagesandEconomicDevelopment 425
KlausDesmet,IgnacioOrtuño-OrtínandRomainWacziarg
15.1 Introduction 425
15.2 Aphylogeneticapproachtolinguisticdiversity 427
15.3 Linguisticdiversity,redistributionandeconomicgrowth 433
15.4 Linguisticdiversityandeconomicdevelopment 435
15.5 Conclusion 442
Contents ix
16 LanguageChoices:PoliticalandEconomicFactorsinThree
EuropeanStates 447
SueWright
16.1 Introduction 447
16.2 Nationbuilding 449
16.3 Language,advantageandgroupmembership 459
16.4 Conclusion:Theroleofelites 482
17 Languages,RegionalConflictsandEconomicDevelopmentin
SouthAsia 489
SelmaK.Sonntag
17.1 Introduction 489
17.2 India 494
17.3 SriLanka 497
17.4 Nepal 504
17.5 Pakistan 506
17.6 Conclusion 508
18 IsLanguageDestiny?TheOriginsandConsequencesof
EthnolinguisticDiversityinSub-SaharanAfrica 513
BrandondelaCuestaandLeonardWantchekon
18.1 Introduction 513
18.2 WhydoesAfricahavesuchhighlevelsoflinguistic
diversity? 515
18.3 Theeconomicandpoliticaleffectsoflinguisticdiversity 524
18.4 Conclusion 533
19 Languages,RegionalConflictsandEconomicDevelopment:
Russia 538
DenisV.Kadochnikov
19.1 Introduction 538
19.2 ThestandardizationoftheRussianlanguageinlate
medievalRussia(16–17thcenturies) 540
19.3 LanguagepolicyinthecontextofthereformsofPeter
theGreatandhissuccessors(18thcentury) 541
19.4 TheroleofforeignlanguagesinRussiaofthelate18th
andearly19thcenturies 542
19.5 Languagepolicyinthecontextoftheterritorialexpansion
oftheRussianEmpire(17–19thcenturies) 544
19.6 LanguageandpoliticsinlateimperialRussia 555
19.7 Thesocialistrevolutionof1917andearlySovietlanguage
policy(1920–1930) 559