The nutritional value of hydrogenated fats in diets as influenced by suboptimal levels of protein or vitamin B complex

61 Pages·02.061 MB·English

by  Krinsky, Norman Irving

THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OP HYDROGENATED FATS IN DIETS
AS INFLUENCED BY SUBOPTIMAL LEVELS OF
PROTEIN OR VITAMIN B COMPLEX
A Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition
University of Southern California
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science
Norman Irving Krinsky
Solomon Notrica
February 1950
UMI Number: EP41306
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This thesis, written by
Solomon Notriea and
Norman Irving Krinsky
under the guidance ofthsX,XL. Faculty Committee,
and approved by all its members, has been
presented to and accepted by the Council on
Graduate Study and Research in partial fulfill­
ment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science
Date...,
Faculty Committee
man
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................ 2
Nutritive Value of Fats ................ 2
Growth-Promoting Ability ................... 5
Pregnancy and Lactation ...................... 4
Digestibility ............. 4
Absorption ......... 6
Effects of Hydrogenation ......................... 7
Indian Situation ....................... 7
EXPERIMENTAL ............................ 12
MATERIALS AND METHODS ............. 12
Animals ..... '............................ 12
Diets ......................... 12
Experimental Conditions ....... *............... 15
Initial Experiment ............. 18
Growth-Promoting Ability Experiment ......... 18
Reproduction and Lactation .............. 18
Digestibility .................. 19
RESULTS ........... 20
Initial Experiment .................... 20
Growth-Promoting Ability Experiment ............ 23
Reproduction and Lactation ....... 23
iii
PAGE
Multi-generation Experiment ................. 30
Digestibility ................... 30
DISCUSSION ........... 38
SUMMARY ............. 46
BIBLIOGRAPHY . ................. 48
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
I. Constituents of Initial Diets ....... 13
II. Constituents of Experimental Diets ........ 14
III. Caloric, Protein, and Vitamin Content of
Experimental Diets .............. 16
IV. Peanut Oil Analysis ......... 17
V. Analysis of Weight Gain on Growth-Promoting
Ability Experiment ................ 26
VI. Summary Table of Reproduction and Lactation
of Growth-Promoting Ability Experiment .... 29
VII. Analysis of Weight Gain on Multi-Generation
Experiment ................... 33
VIII. Summary Table of Reproduction and Lactation
of Multi-Generation Experiment ........... 35
IX. Coefficient of Digestibility ........... 37
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Growth rate of male rats on initial diets ..... 21
2. Growth rate of female rats on intial diets .... 22
3. Growth rate of male rats on growth-promoting
ability experiment ..... 24
4. Growth rate of female rats on growth-promoting
ability experiment ........................ 25
5. Growth rate of male rats on low B complex diets 28
6 . Growth rate of male rats on multi-generation
experiment .......... 31
7. Growth rate of female rats on multi-generation
experiment ...... 32
The experimental work involving
the vitamin deficiency was con­
ducted by Mr* Notrica and that
of the protein deficiency by
Mr. Krinsky.
The authors wish to acknowledge
the Lever Brothers Company,
under whose grant this research
was carried out.
INTRODUCTION
The consumption of hydrogenated oils has shown a
marked Increase within the past quarter century, until today,
It serves as one of the principal sources of dietary fat*
Outstanding authorities in this country and abroad have proven
conclusively that the hydrogenated product is nutritionally
equivalent to the natural oils*
This nutritional equality was proven experimentally
on diets adequate in all respects* However, these optimum
conditions do not prevail throughout the world and this is
particularly true in India* Here, a large majority of the
people receive a diet which is deficient in minerals, pro­
teins, and vitamins. Under these conditions the nutritional
value of various foodstuffs may be different than that found
during optimal experimental conditions, and previous data con­
cerning the nutritional value of hydrogenated oils may not be
applicable to this specific case. Consequently, a series of
experiments were undertaken to evaluate the nutritive quali­
ties of hydrogenated oil under conditions wherein the diets
were suboptimum with respect to proteins or vitamin B com­
plex.