The Norton Introduction to Literature PDF
Preview The Norton Introduction to Literature
THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO Literature SHORTER THIRTEENTH EDITION nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 1 8/29/18 1:04 PM nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 2 8/29/18 1:04 PM THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO Literature SHORTER THIRTEENTH EDITION Kelly J. Mays UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS B W. W. NORTON & COMPANY New York, London nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 3 8/29/18 1:04 PM W. W. Norton & Com pany has been in de pen dent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from Amer i ca and abroad. By mid- century, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program— trade books and college texts— were firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton f amily transferred control of the com pany to its employees, and today— with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year— W. W. Norton & Com pany stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Editor: Sarah Touborg Proje ct Editor: Christine D’Antonio Assistant Editor: Madeline Rombes Manuscript Editor: Rebecca Caine Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi Production Man age rs: Ashley Horna, Stephen Sajdak Media Editor: Carly Fraser Doria Media Editorial Assistants: Alexander Lee, Joshua Bianchi Ebook Production Manager: Danielle Lehmann Marketing Man ag er, Lit er a ture: Kimberly Bowers Media Project Editor: Cooper Wilhelm Design Director: Lissi Sigillo Book Designer: Pamela Schnitter Photo Editor: Ted Szczepanski Photo Research: Julie Tesser Director of College Permissions: Megan Schindel Permissions Clearer: Margaret Gorenstein Composition: Westchester Publishing Services Manufacturing: LSC Communications Cover design: Pete Garceau Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1995, 1991, 1986, 1981, 1977, 1973 by W. W. Norton & Comp any, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca Permission to use copyrighted material is included in the permissions acknowl edgments section of this book, which begins on page A27. Library of Congress Cataloging-i n-P ublication Data Names: Mays, Kelly J., editor. Title: The Norton introduction to lit er a ture / [edited by] Kelly J. Mays, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Description: Shorter thirteenth edition. | New York : W. W. Norton & Comp any, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018004891 | ISBN 978-0393664942(pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Lit er a ture— Collections. Classification: LCC PN6014 .N67 2018 | DDC 808.8— dc23 LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc .g ov / 2018004891 W. W. Norton & Comp any, Inc., 500 Fifth Ave nue, New York, N.Y. 10110 www . wwnorto.nc om W. W. Norton & Comp any Ltd., C astle House, 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 4 8/29/18 1:04 PM Brief Table of Contents Preface for Instructors xxviii Introduction 1 Fiction PART ONE 1 Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing 16 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 75 2 Plot 75 3 Narration and Point of View 169 4 Character 210 5 Setting 282 6 Symbol and Figurative Language 380 7 Theme 429 EXPLORING CONTEXTS 512 8 The Author’s Work as Context: Flannery O’Connor 512 9 Cultural and Historical Contexts: Women in Turn- of- the- Century Amer i ca 564 10 Critical Contexts: Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried” 607 READING MORE FICTION 643 v nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 5 8/29/18 1:04 PM vi BRIeF TABLe oF CoNTeNTS Poetry PART TWO 11 Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing 730 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 769 12 Speaker: Whose Voice Do We Hear? 769 13 Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When? 795 14 Theme and Tone 830 15 Language: Word Choice and Order 854 16 Visual Imagery and Figures of Speech 866 17 Symbol 884 18 The Sounds of Poetry 899 19 Internal Structure 930 20 External Form 951 EXPLORING CONTEXTS 984 21 The Author’s Work as Context: Adrienne Rich 986 22 The Author’s Work as Context: William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience 1055 23 Cultural and Historical Contexts: The Harlem Re nais sance 1065 24 Critical Contexts: Sylvia Plath’s “ Daddy” 1102 READING MORE POETRY 1131 nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 6 8/29/18 1:04 PM BRIeF TABLe oF CoNTeNTS vii Drama PART THREE 25 Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing 1194 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 1221 26 Ele ments of Drama 1221 EXPLORING CONTEXTS 1332 27 The Author’s Work as Context: William Shakespeare 1332 28 Cultural and Historical Contexts: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun 1496 29 Critical Contexts: Sophocles’s Antigone 1600 READING MORE DRAMA 1665 Writing about Lit er a ture PART FOUR 30 Basic Moves: Paraphrase, Summary, Description 1914 31 The Lit era ture Essay 1918 32 The Writing Pro cess 1938 33 The Lit era ture Research Essay 1951 34 Quotation, Citation, and Documentation 1962 35 Sample Research Essay 1992 Critical Approaches A1 Permissions Acknowl edgments A27 Index of Authors A45 Index of Titles and First Lines A52 Glossary/Index of Literary Terms A61 nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 7 8/29/18 1:04 PM nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 8 8/29/18 1:04 PM Contents Preface for Instructors xxviii Introduction 1 What Is Lit er a ture? 1 What Does Lit er a ture Do? 3 John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 4 What Are the Genres of Lit er a ture? 4 Why Read Lit er a ture? 6 Why Study Lit er a ture? 9 Hai- Dang Phan, My Father’s “Norton Introduction to Lit er a ture,” Third Edition (1981) 10 AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Hai- Dang Phan 12 John Crowe Ransom, Bells for John Whiteside’s D aughter 13 Fiction PART ONE 1 Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing 16 anonymous, The Elephant in the Village of the Blind 17 Reading and Responding to Fiction 20 linda brewer, 20/20 20 SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Notes on “20/20” 21 Reading and Responding to Graphic Fiction 23 jules feiffer, Superman 23 Writing about Fiction 27 raymond carver, Cathedral 28 SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on “Cathedral” 39 SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “Cathedral” 42 SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “Cathedral” 45 Telling Stories: An Album 49 grace paley, A Conversation with My F ather 50 AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Grace Paley 54 anton chekhov, Gooseberries 55 tim o’brien, The Lives of the Dead 63 ix nintrlit13esht_9pp_ch00_i-xxxiv.indd 9 8/29/18 1:04 PM
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