THE TERRY LECTURES The New Universe and the Human Future OTHER VOLUMES IN THE TERRY LECTURES SERIES AVAILABLE FROM YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Courage to Be Paul Tillich Psychoanalysis and Religion Erich Fromm Becoming Gordon W. Allport A Common Faith John Dewey Education at the Crossroads Jacques Maritain Psychology and Religion Carl G. Jung Freud and Philosophy Paul Ricoeur Freud and the Problem of God Hans Küng Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution Walter J. Gehring Belief in God in an Age of Science John Polkinghorne Israelis and the Jewish Tradition David Hartman The Empirical Stance Bas C. van Fraassen One World: The Ethics of Globalization Peter Singer Exorcism and Enlightenment H. C. Erik Midelfort Reason, Faith, and Revolution: Reflections on the God Debate Terry Eagleton Thinking in Circles: An Essay on Ring Composition Mary Douglas The Religion and Science Debate: Why Does It Continue? Edited by Harold W. Attridge Natural Reflections: Human Cognition at the Nexus of Science and Religion Barbara Herrnstein Smith Absence of Mind: The Dispelling of Inwardness from the Modern Myth of the Self Marilynne Robinson Islam, Science, and the Challenge of History Ahmad Dallal The New Universe and the Human Future How a Shared Cosmology Could Transform the World NANCY ELLEN ABRAMS AND JOEL R. PRIMACK New Haven & London Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Philip Hamilton McMillan of the Class of 1894, Yale College. Copyright © 2011 by Abrams & Primack, Inc. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the US Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (US office) or [email protected] (UK office). Designed by James J. Johnson. Set in Linotype Centennial by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Abrams, Nancy Ellen, 1948– The new universe and the human future : how a shared cosmology could transform the world / Nancy Ellen Abrams, Joel R. Primack. p. cm. — (The Terry lectures series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-16508-1 (hardback) 1. Cosmology—Philosophy. 2. Life—Origin—Philosophy. I. Primack, J. R. (Joel R.) II. Title. QB981.A343 2011 523.101—dc22 2010044895 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Samara Bay and her fellow artists, in whose hands rests the portrayal of the new universe and the human future The Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy The deed of gift declares that “the object of this foundation is not the promotion of scientific investigation and discovery, but rather the assimilation and interpre- tation of that which has been or shall be hereafter discovered, and its application to human welfare, especially by the building of the truths of science and philoso- phy into the structure of a broadened and purified religion. The founder believes that such a religion will greatly stimulate intelligent effort for the improvement of human conditions and the advancement of the race in strength and excellence of character. To this end it is desired that a series of lectures be given by men eminent in their respective departments, on ethics, the history of civilization and religion, biblical research, all sciences and branches of knowledge which have an important bearing on the subject, all the great laws of nature, especially of evolu- tion . . . also such interpretations of literature and sociology as are in accord with the spirit of this foundation, to the end that the Christian spirit may be nurtured in the fullest light of the world’s knowledge and that mankind may be helped to attain its highest possible welfare and happiness upon this earth.” The present work constitutes the latest volume published on this foundation. Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. The New Universe 1 Chapter 2. Size Is Destiny 27 Chapter 3. We Are Stardust 39 Chapter 4. Our Place in Time 67 Chapter 5. This Cosmically Pivotal Moment 79 Chapter 6. Bringing the Universe Down to Earth 99 Chapter 7. A New Origin Story 119 Chapter 8. Cosmic Society Now 143 Frequently Asked Questions 167 Notes 207 Recommendations for Further Reading 213 About the Illustrations 223 Index 233 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments A great thank you to Priyamvada Natarajan and the other members of the Terry Lectures committee at Yale University for so graciously hosting us in New Haven in October 2009 for the two weeks of our Terry Lectures, and to Lauralee Fields for making it all run amazingly smoothly. More thanks to our agent, Douglas Carlton Abrams, whose advice and help are invaluable, and to our wonderful and tireless assis- tant, Nina McCurdy, for her careful work assembling our many figures and artistically creating several of them. Thanks and thanks and ever thanks to our brilliant daughter, Samara Bay, whose editing has been a window not only into the English language but also into the artistry of storytelling and the outlook of her generation. To our manuscript edi- tor, Laura Jones Dooley, much appreciation for her careful work and bubbling enthusiasm. And finally, to our dream editor at Yale Univer- sity Press, Jean E. Thomson Black, who has understood the deepest goals of this book from the start and fought for us: we know how lucky we are, and we’re immensely grateful.