The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version

2440 Pages·2010·46.59 MB·English

by  Michael D. Coogan

THE NEW OXFORD
ANNOTATED BIBLE
New Revised
Standard Version
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Fully Revised Fourth Edition
THE NEW OXFORD
ANNOTATED BIBLE
New Revised
Standard Version
With The Apocrypha
An Ecumenical Study Bible
Michael D. Coogan, Editor
Marc Z. Brettler, Carol A. Newsom,
and Pheme Perkins, Associate Editors
1
3
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur
Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offi ces in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala
Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland
Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmi(cid:3) ed, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press, Inc.
The New Oxford Annotated Bible, Third Edition copyright © 2001;
Augmentations to the Third Edition copyright © 2007 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The New Oxford Annotated Bible copyright © 1973, 1977, 1991 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Oxford Annotated Bible copyright © 1962 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Oxford Annotated Apocrypha copyright © 1965, 1977, 1991, 2001 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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h(cid:3) p://www.oup.com/us
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press, Inc.
New Revised Standard Version Bible Copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian
Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America
Design and typese(cid:3) ing by 2Krogh AS, Denmark.
Up to fi ve hundred (500) verses of The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) Bible text may be quoted or reprinted
without the express wri(cid:3) en permission of the publisher, provided the verses quoted neither amount to a complete
book of the Bible nor account for 50% or more of the wri(cid:3) en text of the total work in which they are quoted.
When the NRSV text is quoted, notice of copyright must appear on the title or copyright page of the work as fol-
lows:
The Scripture quotations contained herein are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989,
by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and are
used by permission. All rights reserved.
When quotations from the NRSV text are used in non-saleable media, such as church bulletins, orders of service, post-
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Quotations or reprints in excess of fi ve hundred (500) verses (as well as other permission requests) must be ap-
proved in writing by the NRSV Permissions Offi ce, The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., 475
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Printed in the Netherlands
CONTRIBUTORS
Contributor Book(s) Contributor Book(s)
Yairah Amit Judges Bernard M. Levinson Deuteronomy
John R. Bartle(cid:3) 1 Maccabees Christopher R. Ma(cid:3) hews Acts
Jennifer K. Berenson Ephesians, Colossians Steven L. McKenzie 1, 2 Samuel
Theodore A. Bergren 2 Esdras Carol Meyers Exodus
Adele Berlin Lamentations Margaret M. Mitchell 1 , 2 Timothy, Titus,
M. Eugene Boring 1 Peter Philemon
Sheila Briggs Galatians Gregory Mobley Hosea, Amos, Micah
Timothy B. Cargal James Judith H. Newman Psalm 151
David M. Carr Genesis Jerome H. Neyrey, S.J. John
Richard J. Cliff ord Psalms Julia M. O’Brien O badiah, Nahum, Habakkuk,
David J. A. Clines Job Zephaniah
John J. Collins 3 Maccabees Carolyn Osiek Philippians
Stephen L. Cook Ezekiel Pheme Perkins 1, 2, 3 John
J. R. C. Cousland Ma(cid:2) hew David L. Petersen J oel, Haggai, Zechariah,
Katharine Dell Proverbs Malachi
Neil Ellio(cid:3) Romans Thomas Römer 1, 2 Kings
Tamara Cohn Eskenazi E zra, Nehemiah, 1 Esdras Jean-Pierre Ruiz Revelation
J. Cheryl Exum Song of Solomon Daniel R. Schwartz 2 Maccabees
Terence E. Fretheim Numbers Choon-Leong Seow Ecclesiastes
Ma(cid:3) hew Goff Baruch, Le(cid:2) er of Jeremiah David A. de Silva 4 Maccabees
Lester Grabbe Wisdom of Solomon Marion L. Soards Luke
Daniel J. Harrington Sirach Jeff rey Stackert Leviticus
David G. Horrell 1, 2 Thessalonians Marvin A. Sweeney Isaiah
Richard A. Horsley Mark Patrick A. Tiller 2 Peter, Jude
Rodney R. Hu(cid:3) on Jeremiah Sze-kar Wan 2 Corinthians
Cynthia Briggs Ki(cid:3) redge Hebrews Laurence L. Welborn 1 Corinthians
Gary N. Knoppers 1, 2 Chronicles Lawrence M. Wills Judith
David Lambert Prayer of Manasseh K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Joshua
Mary Joan Winn Leith Esther, Greek Esther Yair Zakovitch Ruth, Jonah
Amy-Jill Levine D aniel, Additions to Daniel,
Tobit
Marc Z. Bre(cid:3) ler: The Pentateuch; The Historical Books; The Poetical and Wisdom Books, The Canons of the Bible
[with Pheme Perkins]; The Hebrew Bible’s Interpretation of Itself; Jewish Interpretation in the Premodern Era
Michael D. Coogan: Textual Criticism [with Pheme Perkins]; The Interpretation of the Bible: From the Nineteenth to
the Mid-twentieth Centuries; The Geography of the Bible; The Ancient Near East
Carol A. Newsom: The Prophetic Books; Introduction to the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books; Christian Interpre-
tation in the Premodern Era; Contemporary Methods in Biblical Study; The Persian and Hellenistic Periods
Pheme Perkins: The Gospels; Le(cid:2) ers/Epistles in the New Testament; The Canons of the Bible [with Marc Z. Bre(cid:3) ler];
Textual Criticism [with Michael D. Coogan]; Translation of the Bible into English; The New Testament Interprets the
Jewish Scriptures; The Roman Period
v
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CONTENTS
The Editors’ Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
To the Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Alphabetical Listing of the Books of the Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi
The Hebrew Bible
the pentateuch
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Leviticus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Genesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Exodus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Deuteronomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
the historical books
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313 2 Kings (4 Kingdoms in Greek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531
Joshua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 1 Chronicles (1 Paralipomenon in Greek) . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Judges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 2 Chronicles (2 Paralipomenon in Greek) . . . . . . . . . . . .617
Ruth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Ezra (2 Esdras in Greek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms in Greek). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Nehemiah (2 Esdras in Greek). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
2 Samuel (2 Kingdoms in Greek). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Esther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
1 Kings (3 Kingdoms in Greek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
the poetical and wisdom books
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .721 Proverbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 Ecclesiastes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
Psalms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 Song of Solomon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .950
the prophetic books
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 Obadiah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298
Isaiah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 Jonah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1301
Jeremiah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057 Micah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306
Lamentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1147 Nahum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1316
Ezekiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1159 Habakkuk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1321
Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1233 Zephaniah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1327
Hosea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259 Haggai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1333
Joel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1275 Zechariah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1337
Amos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282 Malachi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1351
vii
The Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361
The Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books are listed here in four
groupings, as follows:
(a) books and additions to esther and daniel that are in the roman catholic, greek, and slavonic bibles
Tobit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368
Judith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389

The Additions to the Book of Esther
(with a translation of the entire Greek text of Esther). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1411
Wisdom of Solomon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1427
Ecclesiasticus, or the Wisdom of Jesus, Son of Sirach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457
Baruch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1529
The Le(cid:3) er of Jeremiah (Baruch ch 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537
The Additions to the Greek Book of Daniel:
The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews. . . . . . . . . . . . 1543
Susanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1548
Bel and the Dragon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1552
1 Maccabees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555
2 Maccabees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1599
(b) books in the greek and slavonic bibles; not in the roman catholic canon

1 Esdras (2 Esdras in Slavonic,
3 Esdras in Appendix to Vulgate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1633
Prayer of Manasseh (in Appendix to Vulgate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1656
Psalm 151 (following Psalm 150 in the Greek Bible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1658
3 Maccabees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659
(c) in the slavonic bible and in the latin vulgate appendix

2 Esdras (3 Esdras in Slavonic,
4 Esdras in Vulgate Appendix). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675

(Note: In the Latin Vulgate, Ezra–Nehemiah
are 1 and 2 Esdras.)
(d) in an appendix to the greek bible
4 Maccabees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1717
The New Testament
the gospels
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1743 Luke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827
Ma(cid:3) hew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1746 John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879
Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1791
The Acts of the Apostles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919
viii
letters/epistles in the new testament
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1973 2 Timothy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2091
Romans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 Titus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2096
1 Corinthians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999 Philemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2100
2 Corinthians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2025 Hebrews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2103
Galatians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2041 James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2119
Ephesians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2052 1 Peter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2126
Philippians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2061 2 Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2132
Colossians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2067 1 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2137
1 Thessalonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2074 2 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2145
2 Thessalonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2080 3 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2147
Introduction to the Pastoral Epistles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2084 Jude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2149
1 Timothy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2085
Revelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2153
General Essays, Tables
The Canons of the Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2185
Textual Criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2192
Translation of the Bible into English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2197
interpretation
The Hebrew Bible’s Interpretation of Itself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201
The New Testament Interprets the Jewish Scriptures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2204
Jewish Interpretation in the Premodern Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2208
Christian Interpretation in the Premodern Era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2213
The Interpretation of the Bible: From the Nineteenth to the
Mid-twentieth Centuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2221
Contemporary Methods in Biblical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2227
The Geography of the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2234
cultural contexts
The Ancient Near East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2236
The Persian and Hellenistic Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2242
The Roman Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2247
tables
Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2254
Chronological Table of Rulers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2258
Weights and Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2262
Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2263
Parallel Texts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2264
translations of ancient texts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2267
glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2269
index to the study materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2289
concordance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2315
color maps follow the last page of text
ix