The New Famines: Why Famines Persist in an Era of Globalization

401 Pages·1998·1.751 MB·English

by  Stephen Devereux

Spine 26mm
4
C
al
y
o
R
y
m
e
D
at
W T The New Famines m
H or
hy E B-f
f N Why famines persist in an era of
a
m E
W globalization
i
n
e
F
s A

p M 2
e 1
r IN 0
s 2
is E st
t S u
i g
n u
A
a
n 7
2
e 0
r 5
a :
7
o 0
f at
g
]
lo re
b nt
a e
l C
iz T
a E Edited by
ti N
o
n B Stephen Devereux
I
L
F
N
I
[
y
b
SE d
e
ted d
i a
pte o
hd nl
e w
nb o
y D
D
e
v
e
r
e
u
x
ISBN 0-415-36347-0
9 780415 363471 Routledge Studies in Development Economics
www.routledge.com • an informabusiness
e
g
d
e
m
o
ott
B
Spine26mm
The New Famines
2
1
0
2 The recent famines in Ethiopia, Southern Africa and Niger have pro-
st pelled the issue of famine back into the public arena for the first time
u
g since 1984. Once again, famine is becoming a priority not only for devel-
u
A oping countries but also for the international community.
7 The New Famines explores the paradox of the persistence of famine in
2
0 the contemporary world, by examining the changing nature of famine in
5
: the face of globalization and shifting geo-political forces and alliances.
7
0 This book provides fresh conceptual frameworks and analytical tools for
t
a understanding contemporary famines, through the introduction of new
]
e concepts such as ‘hidden famines’, ‘new variant famines’ and ‘post-
r
nt modern famines’.
e
C Individual contributions carefully examine a range of recent famines
T including those in Ethiopia, Sudan, Malawi, Madagascar, Iraq and North
E
N Korea, as well as food crises which have been averted in Bosnia and India,
B while also actively engaging with the most relevant theories. Major theo-
I
L retical frameworks which have previously been applied to analyse famines,
F
N such as the ‘democracy ends famine’ argument, Sen’s ‘entitlement
[I approach’ and the ‘complex political emergency’ framework, are empiri-
y
b cally challenged. This volume also examines the politics of famine
d response and famine relief as part of a global humanitarian system, in
e
d which famines compete for resources, as well as exploring new develop-
a
o ments in famine prevention.
l
n
w
o Stephen Devereux is a Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies.
D
Routledge studies in development economics
2
1
0
2 1 Economic Development in the Middle East
st Rodney Wilson
u
g
u
A 2 Monetary and Financial Policies in Developing Countries
7 Growth and stabilization
2
0 Akhtar Hossain and Anis Chowdhury
5
:
7
0 3 New Directions in Development Economics
t
a Growth, environmental concerns and government in the 1990s
]
e Edited by Mats Lundahl and Benno J. Ndulu
r
t
n
e
C 4 Financial Liberalization and Investment
T Kanhaya L. Gupta and Robert Lensink
E
N
B 5 Liberalization in the Developing World
I
L Institutional and economic changes in Latin America, Africa and Asia
F
N Edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and André Mommen
I
[
y
b 6 Financial Development and Economic Growth
d Theory and experiences from developing countries
e
d Edited by Niels Hermes and Robert Lensink
a
o
l
n
w 7 The South African Economy
o Macroeconomic prospects for the medium term
D
Finn Tarp and Peter Brixen
8 Public Sector Pay and Adjustment
Lessons from five countries
Edited by Christopher Colclough
9 Europe and Economic Reform in Africa
Structural adjustment and economic diplomacy
Obed O. Mailafia
10 Post-apartheid Southern Africa
Economic challenges and policies for the future
Edited by Lennart Petersson
11 Financial Integration and Development
Liberalization and reform in sub-Saharan Africa
Ernest Aryeetey and Machiko Nissanke
12 Regionalization and Globalization in the Modern World Economy
Perspectives on the Third World and transitional economies
Edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and André Mommen
2
1
0
2 13 The African Economy
st Policy, institutions and the future
u
g Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa
u
A
7 14 Recovery from Armed Conflict in Developing Countries
2
0 Edited by Geoff Harris
5
:
7
0 15 Small Enterprises and Economic Development
t
a The dynamics of micro and small enterprises
]
e Carl Liedholm and Donald C. Mead
r
t
n
e
C 16 The World Bank
T New agendas in a changing world
E
N Michelle Miller-Adams
B
I
L 17 Development Policy in the Twenty-first Century
F
N Beyond the post-Washington consensus
[I Edited by Ben Fine, Costas Lapavitsas and Jonathan Pincus
y
b
d 18 State-owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa
e
d Privatization, performance and reform
a
o Edited by Merih Celasun
l
n
w
o 19 Finance and Competitiveness in Developing Countries
D
Edited by José María Fanelli and Rohinton Medhora
20 Contemporary Issues in Development Economics
Edited by B. N. Ghosh
21 Mexico Beyond NAFTA
Edited by Martín Puchet Anyul and Lionello F. Punzo
22 Economies in Transition
A guide to China, Cuba, Mongolia, North Korea and Vietnam at the
turn of the twenty-first century
Ian Jeffries
23 Population, Economic Growth and Agriculture in Less Developed
Countries
Nadia Cuffaro
24 From Crisis to Growth in Africa?
Edited by Mats Lundal
2
1
0
2 25 The Macroeconomics of Monetary Union
st An analysis of the CFA franc zone
u
g David Fielding
u
A
7 26 Endogenous Development
2
0 Networking, innovation, institutions and cities
5
: Antonio Vasquez-Barquero
7
0
t
a 27 Labour Relations in Development
]
e Edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and Marieke Riethof
r
t
n
e
C 28 Globalization, Marginalization and Development
T Edited by S. Mansoob Murshed
E
N
B 29 Programme Aid and Development
I
L Beyond conditionality
F
N Howard White and Geske Dijkstra
I
[
y
b 30 Competitiveness Strategy in Developing Countries
d A manual for policy analysis
e
d Edited by Ganeshan Wignaraja
a
o
l
n
w 31 The African Manufacturing Firm
o An analysis based on firm surveys in sub-Saharan Africa
D
Dipak Mazumdar and Ata Mazaheri
32 Trade Policy, Growth and Poverty in Asian Developing Countries
Edited by Kishor Sharma
33 International Competitiveness, Investment and Finance
A case study of India
Edited by A. Ganesh Kumar, Kunal Sen and Rajendra R. Vaidya
34 The Pattern of Aid Giving
The impact of good governance on development assistance
Eric Neumayer
35 New International Poverty Reduction Strategies
Edited by Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto and François Roubaud
36 Targeting Development
Critical perspectives on the Millennium Development Goals
Edited by Richard Black and Howard White
2
1 37 Essays on Balance of Payments Constrained Growth
0
2 Theory and evidence
st Edited by J. S. L. McCombie and A. P. Thirlwall
u
g
u
A 38 The Private Sector After Communism
7 New entrepreneurial firms in transition economies
2
0 Jan Winiecki, Vladimir Benacek and Mihaly Laki
5
:
7
0 39 Information Technology and Development
t
a A new paradigm for delivering the Internet to rural areas in develop-
]
e ing countries
r
nt Jeffrey James
e
C
T 40 The Economics of Palestine
E
N Economic policy and institutional reform for a viable Palestine state
B Edited by David Cobham and Nu’man Kanafani
I
L
F
N 41 Development Dilemmas
[I The methods and political ethics of growth policy
y
b Melvin Ayogu and Don Ross
d
e
d 42 Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction Policies
a
o Edited by Frank Ellis and H. Ade Freeman
l
n
w
o 43 Beyond Market-driven Development
D
Drawing on the experience of Asia and Latin America
Edited by Makoto Noguchi and Costas Lapavitsas
44 The Political Economy of Reform Failure
Edited by Mats Lundahl and Michael L. Wyzan
45 Overcoming Inequality in Latin America
Issues and challenges for the twenty-first century
Edited by Ricardo Gottschalk and Patricia Justino
46 Trade, Growth and Inequality in the Era of Globalization
Edited by Kishor Sharma and Oliver Morrissey
47 Microfinance
Perils and prospects
Edited by Jude L. Fernando
48 The IMF, World Bank and Policy Reform
Edited by Alberto Paloni and Maurizio Zanardi
49 Managing Development
2
1 Globalization, economic restructuring and social policy
0
2 Edited by Junji Nakagawa
t
s
u
g 50 Who Gains from Free Trade?
u
A Export-led growth, inequality and poverty in Latin America
7 Edited by Rob Vos, Enrique Ganuza, Samuel Morley and Sherman Robinson
2
0
5
: 51 Evolution of Markets and Institutions
7
0 A study of an emerging economy
t
a Murali Patibandla
]
e
r
nt 52 The New Famines
e
C Why famines persist in an era of globalization
T Edited by Stephen Devereux
E
N
B
I
L
F
N
I
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
The New Famines
Why famines persist in an era of
globalization
2
1
0 Edited by Stephen Devereux
2
t
s
u
g
u
A
7
2
0
5
:
7
0
t
a
]
e
r
t
n
e
C
T
E
N
B
I
L
F
N
I
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
2
1
0
2 First published 2007
st by Routledge
u 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
g
u
A Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
7 by Routledge
2 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
0 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
5
:
7 © 2007 selection and editorial matter, Stephen Devereux; individual
0
t chapters, the contributors
a
] Typeset in Baskerville by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
e Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall
r
t
n All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
e
C reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
T or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
E photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
N retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
B
I British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
L A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
F
N Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
[I A catalog record for this book has been requested
y
b
d ISBN10: 0-415-36347-0 (hbk)
e ISBN10: 0-203-01442-1 (ebk)
d
a
o ISBN13: 978-0-415-36347-1 (hbk)
nl ISBN13: 978-0-203-01442-4 (ebk)
w
o
D
Contents
2
1
0
2 List of figures xi
st List of tables xiii
u
g Notes on contributors xiv
u
A Acknowledgements xviii
7 Abbreviations xix
2
0
5
: 1 Introduction: from ‘old famines’ to ‘new famines’ 1
7
0
t STEPHEN DEVEREUX
a
]
e
r 2 Famine scales: towards an instrumental definition of ‘famine’ 27
t
n
e PAUL HOWE AND STEPHEN DEVEREUX
C
T
E 3 The criminalization of mass starvations: from natural
N
B disaster to crime against humanity 50
I
L JENNY EDKINS
F
N
[I 4 Sen’s entitlement approach: critiques and counter-critiques 66
y
b STEPHEN DEVEREUX
d
e
d
a 5 AIDS, hunger and destitution: theory and evidence for the
o
l ‘new variant famines’ hypothesis in Africa 90
n
w
ALEX DE WAAL
o
D
6 Pre-modern, modern and post-modern famine in Iraq,
1990–2003 127
HARIS GAZDAR
7 Malawi’s first famine, 2001–2002 143
STEPHEN DEVEREUX AND ZOLTAN TIBA