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THE NATURE OF PUBLIC APPRECIATION OF ARCHITECTURE: A THEORETICAL EXPOSITION AND THREE CASE STUDIES A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JUDITH M.C. BRINE, B. Arch. (Melbourne) Dip. T.R.P. (Melbourne) DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE t98T /ìi¡o.dror n lblaT TABLE OF CONTENTS I. VOLUME Page I. SUMMARY X II. DECLARATION xllr III. PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xlv IV. INTRODUCTION: THE STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 1 V A THEORETICAL EXPOSITION OF THE NATURE OF 6 ARCHITECTURAL APPRECIATION VI. CASE STUDY ONE: THE CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY 39 Introduction 1 39 2 The activities of the Cambridge Camden Society 4I 3 The theoretical basis of the Cambridge Camden 99 Societyts operations 4 The influence of Pugin on the development of tt6 the Cambridge Camden Societyrs theoretical base The influence of the Oxford Movement in the L34 5 development of the Cambridge Camden Societyrs practical and theoretical base VII. CASE STUDY TT,IO: THE PENAL SETTLEMENT OF PORT 182 ARTHUR: DIMENSIONS OF ITS PUBLIC APPRECIATION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO MARCUS CLARKEIS HIS NATURAL LIFE Introduction 7 1,82 Port Arthur as a prison 2 183 Port Arthur as an historic monument: the t94 J site and its visitors 4 Connecting Marcus Clarkets His Natural Life 208 with the site of Port Arthur 5 Public appreciation of Port Arthur: dimension 22L one attitudes to convictism 6 Public appreciation of Port Arthur: dimension 234 two - developing concepts of the past in relation to Port Arthur 7 Public appreciation of Port Arthur: dimension 254 three appreciation of the building fabric 8 Conclusions about public appreciation of Port 309 Arthur LI (continued) Page CONTENTS ,, VIII CASE STUDY THREE: THE EARLY CRITICAL BASES 318 . OF THE CRITIC CHARLES JENCKS Introduction 318 1 The critical stance of his thesis 320 2 The critical stance displayed in Modern 329 3 in Architecture Movements 36! 4 Conclusion IX. ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY 364 THIS THESIS Introduction 364 1 Case study one: the Cambridge Camden Society 367 2 rl 3 Case study two: Port Arthur 374 4 Case study three: Charles Jencks 378 /5 Conclusion, some generaL remarks 381 II. Page VOLUME X. APPENDICES L I Early editions of the Church Schemes 1_. ) Extracts from The Merc Reaction to a 4 proposal to m a new m of His Natural Life at Port Arthur in L926 A description of His Natural Life including L5 3 Clarkets preface 4 The popul arity of His Natural Life: A survey 20 of its printings The critical recePtion of His Natural Life z5 5 Clarkers visit to Port Arthur 95 6 1 His Natural Life and place 101_ The work of Hannah Arendt pertaining to L07 8 Jencksr criticism The work of I.A. Richards pertaining to r49 9 Jencks' criticism ].tL (continued) Page CONTENTS L74 XI REFERENCES AND NOTES . L74 Introduction L A theoretical exPosition of the nature of t75 2 architectural aPPreciation Case studY one 183 3 2t9 4 Case studY two Case studY three 235 5 of the contributions made by 239 Assessment 6 this thesis 24L Appendices 7 XII. 266 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Theoretical 266 2. Case studY one 273 3. Case studY two 787 4. Case studY three 293 ]-V following (continued) CONTENTS page INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND DIAGRAMS AND THEIR SOURCES 1 Appreciation of Gothic beforsretr aPnuggeinrs a nd the 46 Cambridge Camden Society: viewing Oxfordt . G.M. I,,ioodward Eccentric Excursions or Literar and Pictorial sketches of countenance c racter a coun ry n eren a SO an a South i,rlales Inters ersed with ur ous nec otes. an o., OD: 07, plate 47. 2. rAntiquarians viewing Queens Cross' , gp. cit. 46 , plate 46. 3. rShewing the Garden' , g¡.. cit., plate 1-3. 46 4 The arcades at Cherry Hinton, authorrs 50 photograph. 5. The fonC at Trumpington. Cambridge Camden 50 i ety Churches of Cambridgeshire and the Soc IsIe of Ert; Cambridge, L842. 6. Arcading in the north transePt, Histon, 50 authorr s photograph. 7 . An example of an early Church Scheme. 54 Cambridge Camden Society, annoted by l,'iebb, Neale and Thomas . RIBA Library, Begg Papers . 8. Membership of the Cambridge Camden Society" 58 Data derived from Annual Reports and from the Ecclesiologist. 9 The new mode of seating advocated by the 63 Cambridge Camden Society (details not faithfully illustrated Cap and Bell, ) Punch's Chronicles of E lish Histor LN e ng usan an SA ggs ( eds ) , MacDonaId, London, 1972. OriginaLly appeared in Punch 1854. 1-0. Models for High Chuch ritual, sedilia and 63 piscina, Cherry Hinton. Cambridge Camden Society Churches of Cambridgeghire a45t lhe Isle of E-ff, eãmbridg", L842. V following (continued) INDEX page 1,I. Octagonal font of kind favoured by Carnbridge 63 Camden Society t Harlton Church, 1845. An illustrated CLuide to Harlton Church. AT ton, am L oê tZ " Publications of the Cambridge Camden Society, 65 compiled from a varietY of sources including Cambridge amden Society Annual Reports, the C EccLe s íoI o isL, the diari es-offfiË-ãnã Neale rom vertisements a a " 13 " Cambridge Camden SocietY Broadsheet Hints on 69 the tnJell-Kee I & Orderi of Churches Levenson, am T ge; V ng ons, J.H Parker, Oxford, n. d. 14. Holy Sepulchre Church as it appeared in I8L4, 72. Canon Mark Ruston, The Round Church Cambridge. -Ic.f9801 Pitkin Pictorials Ltd n.cl. reprinted from Ackermann History of Cambridge. rrestoredr 15. The church as bY the Cambridge 72 Society t842, architect Anthony Salvin. Camden Front cover op. cit. 1,6. The Norman west door, oP. cit p.1 72 L7. Interior of the church in I8L4 before 72 restorat ion , 9P. cit. , p . 1-0, reprinted from Ackermann HiEEõry of Cambridee. 1-8. The interior of the church after restoration, 72 ep. cit. , p.2. L9. Plan showing originaL and nineteenth-century 72 work, op. cit., inside front cover. 20. Trumpington Church before restoration. 76 Cambridge Camden Society Churches of Cambrid e- shire and the Isle of Elv eP. (- t 2t. Trumpington Church after restoration of roof 76 to original steep pitch, author's photograph. 22 " Harlston Church after recent removal of the 76 rendering. Cambridge Camden Society Churches of Cambrid eshire and the Isle of El 9P. c 23. St Saviors Church, Leeds, built by Pusey with 89 advice from Webb, Pugin's west window glass. Architectural Review, Vol 588, December L945, F vl fol lowing (continued) INDEX Page 24. The crossing, oD. cit. , from contemPorary 89 lithograph, ttg P 25" A "N.W. Pugin, Scheme for student bedroom at 9L alLiot Cõllege at Oxford, 1843- Howard B olvin UnbuilÈ Oxford, Yale University Press, C New Haven & London, 1983, p.111- . 26. Sigillum designed by Pugin for the Cambridge 9L Camden SocietY, Ecciesiologist Vol.3, t844, p.1-85. 27. Frontis iece to A. N.l^1. Pugin The true 9L tncr PIes of ointed or Christian architecture. ca emy ô t ons on rePr nto ñê__ first edition pu,blished in 1-841 by John [r]eale. 28. F.W. Paley, A Manual of Gothic Mouldi , with 9I S direct ions for copy ng an or etermining their dates. London, John Van Voorst, fourth edition L867 (L847 ) , Plate XII. 29. J.M. Neale and his family in A.G. Lough J'M' 98 Neale Priest Extraordinary , frontispiece. 30. Newman at Oxford , engraving by R. I¡loodman at 98 Magdalen College of the picture painted bY Sir tJ.C. Ross R.A. in R.D. Middleton Newman and Bloxam: an Oxford friendshi . ceoflfiãy ess, er eBe, or n vers v L947 . 31-. The Bishop of London ln Cap_and Bell, Punçhrs 98 Chronicle of En li sh His or n the Maki usan an SA ggs e S ald, f-ónã'õn f972, from Punch, VoI . XXXIII , 1-857 , p. L36. 32. Church at Litt lemore as built by Newman, from 153 an anonymous sepia sketch at Magdalen College, R.D. Middleton Newman and Bloxam an Oxford friendship. Geo rey um T ê8e, or University Press, 7947 , opp. p.33. 1a Original interior of church at Littlemore, ibid 153 JJ. 3/+ . Contempo'rarY comment from a coloured Print at 153 College, in Middleton op. ci!. Magdalen 35. Isaac l/üilliams. The Altar or Meditations in 1.57 verse on the Great Christian Sacrillce. London, James öurns, 184z, plate '¿'¿ . 36 . ibid. , plate L2. 1,57 VI]- following INt)EX ( continued ) Page 37. Isaac illiams The cathedral or the Catholic L57 and A I¡Jstolic Church in E Iand. uxrord, John enry ar r, , unpag nate 38. The dock at Port Arthur. Archives Office of L73 Tasmania, NS479l27, 3012236, n.d. 39. Approaching Port Arthur by sea photography t93 ' Ebi¡ard Seail . National Library of Australia, n. d. 40 . The road to Port Arthur. Archives Office of 193 Tasmania 29 19. 4L. The lunatic asylum built in 1868, photograph 199 by Anson. Archives Office of Tasmania 30 I 4773. 42. The penitent Lary, photograph^Þy.T:^Crawford' L99 Archives Office- of- Tasmania 30 I L200 . 43. The interior of the penitentiary, photograph L99 by T. Crawford. Archives Office of Tasmania 30 l L202 . 44. The history of Port Arthur as a prison largeLy 220 compiled from information j-n Ian Brand Penal Peninsula. 45. Visiting the modet prison. NationaL Llb'tary of 233 Australia, n.d. 46. Visiting the penitentiary, Mr Prettymanrs 233 stereo view. Archives Office of Tasmania 3012247, n.d. 47. Making a ilm of His Natural Life in 1926. 233 1. Archives 0f.î.ice of Tasmania 3Ul4L 5114. 48. Guides at Port Arthur, BilI Thompson - Guide' 253 Archives Office of Tasmania 301634-5. 49. Septimus Nichols at Port Arthur. Archives 253 Office of Tasmania NS507/71. 50. Bill at the model prison. Archives Office of 253 Tasmania 30 I 4544 51. Port Arthur seen as aPicturesque vill age. The 274 church, photogfaPh Irueattie. Archives Office of Tasmania 3014483 52. View from hoteL grounds. Archives Office of 274 Tasmania 30 I 45L5. viii following INDEX ( continued) Page 53. rA walk at Port Arthur'. Archives Office of 274 Tasmania 4137 . 54. Port Arthur seen as a town. Port Arthur in 279 1-839, photograph bY Beattie of a printing by an unknown artist. Archives Office of Tasmania 3014476. 55. Port Arthur in 1859, pen and ink drawing by 2.7 9 C. Hunter. MitchelL Library, Sydney, in Ian Brand Penal PeninsuLa Port Arthur and its outstaffi. Tasmania 1978. 56. Port Arthur in 1860s. National Parks and Wild- 279 li fe Services Port Arthur Draft. Mana ement Plan, t975 (unre erence 57. The church at Port Arthur. The Tasmanian 298 Archives 30 I 4482. 7940. 58. Restoration in L940. The Mercury, March 298 1" The Tasmanian Archives 30 I 4483 - 59. Visiting the church in t926, Htrmphrey photograph 298 National Library of Australia. 141211,926. 60. A pamphLet issued by the National Parks and 307 Wifdflfe Services, Tasmania, c.1980. 6L. Restoration at Port Arthur as reported in 307 the local ne\^JSpaper The Mercury , Thursday 23lLIltgtZ, p. 8. L 62. Summary of appreciation of Port Arthur. 308 oJ. I.A. Richards, I.A. Richards ESSA s in his 328 honour. Oxford n VETS v rCSS, , P' 64 Hannah Arendt, !975. Elizabeth Young-Bruehl 328 Hannah Arendt: for Love of the world. Yale University Press, L9ó¿, oPP. p. 111 . 65. Charles Jencks, Architecture Australia, 343 February 5, front cover. 1-97 IX I. SUMMARY This thesis investigates the nature of architectural appreciation in situations where particular buildings have been deliberately visited by the general public apparently with a view to interacting with them in some way. Apprec- iation is taken here to encompass both experience and evaluation and, as in much philosophical aesthetics, it is held that the value of a building relates to the experience which it alLows. Further, it is argued that value and experience are not confined to aesthetic value and experience but rather that they relate to value and experience in the world at large. In general terms this thesis presents visiting as a culturaL activity witTr a defined social structure. The text of this thesis assumes and illustrates the importance of the hermeneutic process applied to architec- ture. First it is in itself a hermeneutic experiment; an exerci se in the interpretation of texts on architecture produced by visitors to buildings or other commentators. Then the texts which are studied are themselves accounts of hermeneutic processes relating to architecture. Finally, âs is consistent with the greater recognition of the importance of the reader assumed by hermeneutic theory, the case studies are deliberately presented t'-n a manner which allows the reader a greater interpretative role than is usual in academic work. The theoretical section of the thesis develops a number of statements X

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JUDITH M.C. BRINE, B. Arch. (Melbourne). Dip. T.R.P. (Melbourne). DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE .. John Brine who has been an assiduous reader and useful critic of the several versions of the various parts of statesmen of the Motherland. The loss of the. American colonies, the cessation of
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