The Morality and Global Justice Reader

439 Pages·2011·2.879 MB·English

by  Michael Boylan

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THE MORALITY AND
GLOBAL JUSTICE READER

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THE
MORALITY
AND
G L O B A L
J U S T I C E
R E A D E R
EDITED BY
MICHAEL BOYLAN
Marymount University
New York London
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First published 2011 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 2011 by Michael Boylan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
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only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
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other art reprinted in this volume.
Designed by Trish Wilkinson
Set in 10.5 point Adobe Garamond Pro
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The morality and global justice reader / edited by Michael Boylan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-0-8133-4433-1 (alk. paper)
1. International relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 2. Social justice 3. Human
rights. I. Boylan, Michael, 1952–
JZ1306.M685 2011
172'.4—dc22
E-book ISBN: 978-0-8133-4514-7
2010047253
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-4433-1 (pbk)
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To those working on the front lines
assisting the victims of poverty, war, sickness,
and oppression wherever they are found.

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CONTENTS
3
Preface ix
Part One: Normative Principles 1
Chapter 1 Global Human Rights 7
ROBERT PAUL CHURCHILL
Chapter 2 On Justifying Human Rights 27
JOHN-STEWART GORDON
Chapter 3 When Is Ignorance Morally Objectionable? 51
JULIE E. KIRSCH
Chapter 4 The Ethics of Otherness 65
WANDA TEAYS
Part Two: Normative Theories 83
Chapter 5 Consequentialism and Global Ethics 89
HALLVARD LILLEHAMMER
Chapter 6 How to Think About Global Duties 103
CHRISTIAN ILLIES
Part Three: Normative Applications 127
Poverty and the Global Economy
Chapter 7 Collective Responsibility and Global Poverty 135
SEUMAS MILLER
Chapter 8 Building Wealth with Conditional Cash Transfers 153
MICHAEL BOYLAN
vii
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7
viii Contents
Chapter 9 Ethics and Global Finance 169
KLAUS STEIGLEDER
Chapter 10 Global Business and Global Justice 185
NIEN-HÊ HSIEH
Global Health
Chapter 11 Global Health Justice 211
MICHAEL J. SELGELID
Chapter 12 Access to Life-Saving Medicines 229
DORIS SCHROEDER, THOMAS POGGE,
AND PETER SINGER
Religion
Chapter 13 What Price Theocracy? 263
LAURA PURDY
Chapter 14 Global Ethics in the Academy 281
JAMES A. DONAHUE
War
Chapter 15 The Law of Peoples 299
DAVID CUMMISKEY
Chapter 16 Cosmopolitan Revisions of Just War 325
GABRIEL PALMER-FERNÁNDEZ
Gender, Identity, and Family
Chapter 17 Women on the Move 349
ROSEMARIE TONG
Chapter 18 Gender and Sex Development 365
SIMONA GIORDANO
Chapter 19 Duties to Children 385
MICHAEL BOYLAN
About the Contributors 405
Index 411
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PREFACE
3
In The Republic Thrasymachus offers five arguments to Socrates why justice is
the rule of the strongest. In each instance Socrates offers a refutation. The fault
lines on justice have been thus set for some time: the competitive virtues of over-
reaching for whatever one can garner versus the cooperative virtues of sharing.
This reader stands in a long tradition of considering questions of justice from
the dual vantage points of prudential advantage and ethics.
Traditionally, this discussion is carried on within the perspective of a single
society. The ancient theorists such as Plato and Aristotle, along with the seven-
teenth and eighteenth century contract theorists (Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, and
Hume) all took a national perspective. In contemporary times, most theorists
have maintained a national perspective (including my book A Just Society, 2004).
However, perhaps because of better communication, global trade, and two world
wars, perspectives that include the rest of the world have increasingly come to the
fore. Peter Singer’s shallow pond thought experiment in the 1970s initiated a
wave of thinking in global terms about ethical duty and justice. No longer was
itenough to get it right in one’s own country. There is a whole world out there,
and normative accounts have to take notice.
Like many authors, I have often situated claims about justice within the setting
of a nation, which stands like a logical placeholder for any state. If I could prove
that any person, x, has a right to y, then why does the specification of the venue
matter? To some extent this is still true so long as one bases one’s theory of justice
upon abstract principles of morality.1 But what this traditional philosophical ap-
proach misses is the importance of integrating timeless theory with contemporary
needs: applied philosophy. From its beginnings in the Western tradition, theoreti-
cal philosophy was always attended by applied philosophy. For concrete-minded
Greeks and Romans, there was a very limited value in speculation about that
which had little to no application to action.
In our present era, applied philosophy made a resurgence in Continental Eu-
rope during and after the Second World War. The Anglo-American-Canadian-
Australian tradition lagged behind. They were caught up in a fascination with
logical empiricism, monist-materialist metaphysics/epistemology, and ethical
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