The Lean Six SIGMA Pocket Toolbook: A Quick Reference Guide to Nearly 100 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed: A Quick Reference Guide to 70 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed PDF
Preview The Lean Six SIGMA Pocket Toolbook: A Quick Reference Guide to Nearly 100 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed: A Quick Reference Guide to 70 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed
The Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook A Quick Reference Guide to Nearly 100 Tools for Improving Process Quality, Speed, and Complexity Michael L. George David Rowlands Mark Price John Maxey with contributions from Paul Jaminet Kimberly Watson-Hemphill Chuck Cox Copyright © 2005 by George Group. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-150573-4 MHID: 0-07-150573-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-144119-3, MHID: 0-07-144119-0. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither the author nor the publisher is engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. —From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting there from. McGraw- Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Acknowledgments It takes a lot of expertise to make a book like this a reality. We’d like to thank Bill Lawson, Malcolm Upton, Bill Kastle, Kim Bruce, Stephen Wilson, and everyone else at George Group who lent their expertise. Writing, editorial, and layout kudos to Sue Reynard; proofing courtesy of Brenda Quinn; graphics support by Lawson Communications. Contents Chapter 1: Using DMAIC to Improve Speed, Quality, and Cost Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Kaizen DMAIC Project selection Chapter 2: Working With Ideas Brainstorming Affinity diagrams Multivoting Chapter 3: Value Stream Mapping and Process Flow Tools Process mapping Process observation SIPOC Process mapping steps Transportation and spaghetti (workflow) diagrams Swim-lane (deployment) flowcharts Value stream maps (basic) Flowchart and value stream symbols Value-add (VA) vs. non-value-add (NVA) analysis Time value maps Value-add chart (task time or takt time chart) Chapter 4: Voice of the Customer (VOC) Customer segmentation Sources of customer data Collecting VOC: Interviews Collecting VOC: Point-of-use observation Collecting VOC: Focus groups Collecting VOC: Surveys Kano analysis Developing critical-to-quality requirements Chapter 5: Data Collection Types of data Input vs. output data Data collection planning Measurement selection matrix Stratification factors Operational definitions Cautions on using existing data Making a checksheet Basic checksheets Frequency plot checksheet Traveler checksheet Location checksheet Sampling basics Factors in sample selection Stable process (and population) sampling Formulas for determining minimum sample size (population or stable process) Measurement System Analysis (MSA) and Gage R&R Overview Gage R&R: Collecting the data Interpreting Gage R&R Results MSA: Evaluating bias MSA: Evaluating stability MSA: Evaluating discrimination MSA for attribute/discrete data Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics and Data Displays Statistical term conventions Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) Measures of spread (range, variance, standard deviation) Boxplots Frequency plot (histogram) Normal distribution Non-normal distributions and the Central Limit Theorem Chapter 7: Variation Analysis Review of variation concepts Time series plots (Run charts) Run chart table Control chart basics Selecting a control chart Control charts for continuous data Subgrouping for continuous data Control limit formulas for continuous data Factors for Control Chart Formulas Creating an ImR Chart Creating , R charts or ,S charts Control charts for attribute data Creating p-, np-, c-, and u-charts Control limit formulas for attribute data Assumptions for interpreting control charts Interpreting control charts (Tests for Special Cause Variation) Background on process capability calculations Confusion in short-term vs. long-term process capability calculations Calculating process capability Chapter 8: Identifying and Verifying Causes PART A: Identifying potential causes Pareto charts 5 Whys Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams) C&E Matrix PART B: Tools for confirming causal effects Stratified data charts Testing quick fixes or obvious solutions Scatter plots Hypothesis testing overview Confidence intervals Type I and Type II errors, Confidence, Power, and p-values Confidence intervals and sample size t–test Overview 1-Sample t-test 2-Sample t-test Overview of correlation Correlation statistics (coefficients) Regression overview Simple linear regression Multiple regression ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) One-way ANOVA Degrees of Freedom ANOVA assumptions Two-way ANOVA Chi-Square test Design of Experiments (DOE) notation and terms Planning a designed experiment DOE: Full-factorial vs. Fractional-factorials (and notations) Interpreting DOE results Residual analysis in hypothesis testing Chapter 9: Reducing Lead Time and Non-Value-Add Cost Basic Lean concepts Metrics of time efficiency Time Traps vs. Capacity Constraints Identifying Time Traps and Capacity Constraints 5S Overview Implementing 5S Generic Pull System Replenishment Pull Systems Two-Bin Replenishment System Computing minimum safe batch sizes Four Step Rapid Setup Method Adapting Four Step Rapid Setup for service processes Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Mistake proofing & prevention (Poka-yoke) Process balancing design principles Work cell optimization Visual Process Controls Chapter 10: Complexity Value Stream Mapping and Complexity Analysis Product/service family grid Complexity Value Stream Map (CVSM) Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) The Complexity Equation Complexity matrix PCE destruction calculations (for a Complexity Matrix) Substructure analysis “What-if” analyses with Complexity Matrix data Chapter 11: Selecting and Testing Solutions Sources of solution ideas Benchmarking
The list of books you might like
