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The J2EE™ 1.4 Tutorial For Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 8.2 Eric Armstrong Jennifer Ball Stephanie Bodoff Debbie Bode Carson Ian Evans Dale Green Kim Haase Eric Jendrock December 7, 2005 Copyright©2006SunMicrosystems,Inc.,4150NetworkCircle,SantaClara,California95054,U.S.A. Allrightsreserved.U.S.GovernmentRights-Commercialsoftware.Governmentusersaresubjecttothe SunMicrosystems,Inc.standardlicenseagreementandapplicableprovisionsoftheFARanditssupple- ments. This distribution may include materials developed by third parties. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, JavaBeans, JavaServer, JavaServer Pages, Enterprise JavaBeans,JavaNamingandDirectoryInterface,JavaMail,JDBC,EJB,JSP,J2EE,J2SE,“WriteOnce, RunAnywhere”,andtheJavaCoffeeCuplogoaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofSunMicrosys- tems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Unlessotherwiselicensed,softwarecodeinalltechnicalmaterialsherein(includingarticles,FAQs,sam- ples) is provided under this License. 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LADOCUMENTATIONESTFOURNIE"ENL’ÉTAT"ETTOUTESAUTRESCONDITIONS,DEC- LARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES, DANSLAMESUREAUTORISEEPARLALOIAPPLICABLE,YCOMPRISNOTAMMENTTOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE, A L’APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L’ABSENCE DE CONTREFAÇON. Contents Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxi About This Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiii Who Should Use This Tutorial xxxiii Prerequisites xxxiii How to Read This Tutorial xxxiv About the Examples xxxvi Further Information xxxix How to Buy This Tutorial xl How to Print This Tutorial xl Typographical Conventions xli Acknowledgments xli Feedback xlii Chapter 1: Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Distributed Multitiered Applications 2 J2EE Components 3 J2EE Clients 4 Web Components 6 Business Components 6 Enterprise Information System Tier 8 J2EE Containers 8 Container Services 8 Container Types 9 Web Services Support 10 XML 11 SOAP Transport Protocol 12 WSDL Standard Format 12 UDDI and ebXML Standard Formats 12 iii iv Packaging Applications 13 Development Roles 15 J2EE Product Provider 15 Tool Provider 15 Application Component Provider 16 Application Assembler 16 Application Deployer and Administrator 17 J2EE 1.4 APIs 18 Enterprise JavaBeans Technology 18 Java Servlet Technology 19 JavaServer Pages Technology 19 Java Message Service API 19 Java Transaction API 19 JavaMail API 20 JavaBeans Activation Framework 20 Java API for XML Processing 20 Java API for XML-Based RPC 20 SOAP with Attachments API for Java 21 Java API for XML Registries 21 J2EE Connector Architecture 22 JDBC API 22 Java Naming and Directory Interface 22 Java Authentication and Authorization Service 23 Simplified Systems Integration 24 Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 8 24 Technologies 25 Tools 26 Starting and Stopping the Application Server 27 Starting the Admin Console 28 Starting the deploytool Utility 29 Starting and Stopping the Derby Database Server 29 Debugging J2EE Applications 30 Chapter 2: Understanding XML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Introduction to XML 33 What Is XML? 33 Why Is XML Important? 38 How Can You Use XML? 40 Generating XML Data 43 Writing a Simple XML File 43 v Defining the Root Element 44 Writing Processing Instructions 48 Introducing an Error 49 Substituting and Inserting Text 50 Creating a Document Type Definition 54 Documents and Data 59 Defining Attributes and Entities in the DTD 59 Referencing Binary Entities 66 Defining Parameter Entities and Conditional Sections 68 Resolving a Naming Conflict 72 Using Namespaces 73 Designing an XML Data Structure 76 Saving Yourself Some Work 77 Attributes and Elements 77 Normalizing Data 79 Normalizing DTDs 81 Summary 81 Chapter 3: Getting Started with Web Applications . . . . . . . . . 83 Web Application Life Cycle 86 Web Modules 88 Packaging Web Modules 90 Deploying Web Modules 92 Listing Deployed Web Modules 95 Updating Web Modules 96 Undeploying Web Modules 98 Configuring Web Applications 99 Mapping URLs to Web Components 99 Declaring Welcome Files 101 Setting Initialization Parameters 102 Mapping Errors to Error Screens 102 Declaring Resource References 103 Duke’s Bookstore Examples 103 Accessing Databases from Web Applications 104 Populating the Example Database 105 Creating a Data Source in the Application Server 106 Specifying a Web Application’s Resource Reference 106 Mapping the Resource Reference to a Data Source 107 Further Information 108 vi Chapter 4: Java API for XML Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 The JAXP APIs 109 An Overview of the Packages 110 The Simple API for XML APIs 111 The SAX Packages 114 The Document Object Model APIs 114 The DOM Packages 116 The Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations APIs 117 The XSLT Packages 118 Using the JAXP Libraries 118 Where Do You Go from Here? 118 Chapter 5: Simple API for XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 When to Use SAX 122 Echoing an XML File with the SAX Parser 123 Creating the Skeleton 124 Importing Classes 124 Setting Up for I/O 125 Implementing the ContentHandler Interface 125 Setting up the Parser 127 Writing the Output 128 Spacing the Output 128 Handling Content Events 129 Compiling and Running the Program 134 Checking the Output 135 Identifying the Events 136 Compressing the Output 138 Inspecting the Output 140 Documents and Data 141 Adding Additional Event Handlers 141 Identifying the Document’s Location 142 Handling Processing Instructions 144 Summary 145 Handling Errors with the Nonvalidating Parser 145 Displaying Special Characters and CDATA 153 Handling Special Characters 153 Handling Text with XML-Style Syntax 154 Handling CDATA and Other Characters 155 Parsing with a DTD 156 DTD’s Effect on the Nonvalidating Parser 156 vii Tracking Ignorable Whitespace 157 Cleanup 159 Empty Elements, Revisited 159 Echoing Entity References 160 Echoing the External Entity 160 Summarizing Entities 161 Choosing Your Parser Implementation 161 Using the Validating Parser 162 Configuring the Factory 162 Validating with XML Schema 163 Experimenting with Validation Errors 166 Error Handling in the Validating Parser 168 Parsing a Parameterized DTD 168 DTD Warnings 170 Handling Lexical Events 170 How the LexicalHandler Works 171 Working with a LexicalHandler 172 Using the DTDHandler and EntityResolver 177 The DTDHandler API 178 The EntityResolver API 179 Further Information 179 Chapter 6: Document Object Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 When to Use DOM 182 Documents Versus Data 182 Mixed-Content Model 183 A Simpler Model 184 Increasing the Complexity 185 Choosing Your Model 187 Reading XML Data into a DOM 188 Creating the Program 188 Additional Information 192 Looking Ahead 194 Displaying a DOM Hierarchy 195 Convert DomEcho to a GUI Application 195 Create Adapters to Display the DOM in a JTree 201 Finishing Up 211 Examining the Structure of a DOM 211 Displaying a Simple Tree 211 Displaying a More Complex Tree 214 viii Finishing Up 220 Constructing a User-Friendly JTree from a DOM 221 Compressing the Tree View 221 Acting on Tree Selections 227 Handling Modifications 237 Finishing Up 237 Creating and Manipulating a DOM 237 Obtaining a DOM from the Factory 237 Normalizing the DOM 241 Other Operations 243 Finishing Up 246 Validating with XML Schema 246 Overview of the Validation Process 247 Configuring the DocumentBuilder Factory 247 Validating with Multiple Namespaces 249 Further Information 252 Chapter 7: Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations253 Introducing XSL, XSLT, and XPath 254 The JAXP Transformation Packages 254 How XPath Works 255 XPath Expressions 255 The XSLT/XPath Data Model 256 Templates and Contexts 257 Basic XPath Addressing 257 Basic XPath Expressions 258 Combining Index Addresses 259 Wildcards 259 Extended-Path Addressing 260 XPath Data Types and Operators 261 String-Value of an Element 261 XPath Functions 262 Summary 265 Writing Out a DOM as an XML File 265 Reading the XML 266 Creating a Transformer 267 Writing the XML 270 Writing Out a Subtree of the DOM 271 Summary 272 Generating XML from an Arbitrary Data Structure 272 ix Creating a Simple File 273 Creating a Simple Parser 275 Modifying the Parser to Generate SAX Events 277 Using the Parser as a SAXSource 284 Doing the Conversion 286 Transforming XML Data with XSLT 287 Defining a Simple <article> Document Type 287 Creating a Test Document 289 Writing an XSLT Transform 290 Processing the Basic Structure Elements 291 Writing the Basic Program 295 Trimming the Whitespace 297 Processing the Remaining Structure Elements 300 Process Inline (Content) Elements 304 Printing the HTML 309 What Else Can XSLT Do? 309 Transforming from the Command Line with Xalan 311 Concatenating Transformations with a Filter Chain 311 Writing the Program 311 Understanding How the Filter Chain Works 315 Testing the Program 316 Further Information 318 Chapter 8: Building Web Services with JAX-RPC . . . . . . . . . . 319 Setting the Port 320 Creating a Simple Web Service and Client with JAX-RPC 320 Coding the Service Endpoint Interface and Implementation Class 322 Building the Service 323 Packaging and Deploying the Service 324 Static Stub Client 327 Types Supported by JAX-RPC 330 J2SE SDK Classes 331 Primitives 331 Arrays 332 Value Types 332 JavaBeans Components 332 Web Service Clients 333 Dynamic Proxy Client 333 Dynamic Invocation Interface Client 336 Application Client 340 x More JAX-RPC Clients 343 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-RPC 344 Further Information 344 Chapter 9: SOAP with Attachments API for Java . . . . . . . . . .345 Overview of SAAJ 346 Messages 346 Connections 350 Tutorial 352 Creating and Sending a Simple Message 353 Adding Content to the Header 362 Adding Content to the SOAPPart Object 363 Adding a Document to the SOAP Body 364 Manipulating Message Content Using SAAJ or DOM APIs 364 Adding Attachments 365 Adding Attributes 368 Using SOAP Faults 373 Code Examples 378 Request.java 378 MyUddiPing.java 380 HeaderExample.java 387 DOMExample.java and DOMSrcExample.java 388 Attachments.java 392 SOAPFaultTest.java 394 Further Information 395 Chapter 10: Java API for XML Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397 Overview of JAXR 397 What Is a Registry? 397 What Is JAXR? 398 JAXR Architecture 399 Implementing a JAXR Client 400 Establishing a Connection 401 Querying a Registry 408 Managing Registry Data 413 Using Taxonomies in JAXR Clients 421 Running the Client Examples 426 Before You Compile the Examples 427 Compiling the Examples 429

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The J2EE™ 1.4 Tutorial. For Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition. 8.2. Eric Armstrong. Jennifer Ball. Stephanie Bodoff. Debbie Bode