the insects and arachnids of canada part 1 PDF
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THE INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS OF CANADA PART 1 Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Insec Mites, and pide Agriculture Canada THE INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS OF CANADA PART 1 Collecting, Preparing, and Preserving Insects, Mites, and Spiders Compiled by J. E. H. Martin Biosystcmatics Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario Research Branch Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 1643 1977 ©MinisterofSupplyandServicesCanada 1978 Available bymailfrom Printingand Publishing SupplyandServicesCanada Hull,Quebec,Canada KIAOS9 orthroughyourbookseller. CatalogueNo. A42-421l977-1 Canada: $3.50 ISBN0-660-01650-8 Othercountries: $4.20 Pricesubjecttochangewithoutnotice. Printed by Kromar Printing Ltd. 02KT.OIA05-7-38911 The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 2. The Bark Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), by Donald E. Bright, Jr., Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, was published in 1976. Part 3. The Aradidae of Canada (Hemiptera: Aradidae), by Ryuichi Matsuda, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, was published in 1977. Part 4. The Anthocoridae of Canada and Alaska (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), by Leonard A. Kelton, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, is in press. Contents Foreword 9 Introduction 11 Equipment and methods for collecting 11 General-purpose nets 11 Nets for flying insects 14 Lights and light traps 15 Baits and bait traps 20 Othertraps for flying insects 23 Malaise traps 23 Window traps 28 Tent-window traps 28 Visual-attraction traps 30 Pantraps 30 Baits 31 Sweeping 33 Beating 34 Emergence cages and separators 40 Searching 42 Barking 42 Mammal nests 43 Aspirator 43 Collectingleafmining insects 46 Collecting and extracting arthropods from debris 47 Berlese funnel 47 Sifter and photoeclector 54 Collecting and extracting burrowing and boring arthropods 56 Collecting aquaticinsects and mites 57 Aquatic traps 63 Lentic environment traps ,.......................................................... 63 Surface emergence traps 64 Tow traps 65 Benthonic samplers 65 Lotic environments 66 Collecting ectoparasites of vertebrates 67 Collecting mites associated with invertebrates 69 Rearing 70 Killing agents and killing bottles 73 Equipment and methods for preserving and mounting 79 Relaxing 79 Cleaning 81 Temporary storage in papers 82 Temporarystorage by refrigeration 84 Temporary storage by layering 85 Direct pinning 85 Double mounting 90 Spreading .. 90 Adhesives and pointing 94 Preservation in liquids 98 Dry preservation of soft-bodied insects 101 Microscopical preparations 102 Insects 102 5 Mites 107 Data labels 109 Storage and care of collections 113 Storage and care of pinned insects 113 Storage of a collection preserved in liquid 116 Storage of microscope slides 116 Packinginsects and arachnids for shipment 118 Studying the collection 122 Applying the methods 124 Thysanura 124 Diplura 125 Collembola and Protura 125 Orthoptera and Dermaptera 125 Plecoptera 128 Isoptera 128 Corrodentia 128 Mallophaga 128 Anoplura 129 Ephemeroptera 130 Odonata 131 Thysanoptera 132 Hemiptera(includingHeteropteraandHomoptera) 133 Preserving and mounting Hemiptera 134 Preserving and mounting Aphidoidea, Coccoidea, and Aleyrodoidea : 135 Megaloptera 136 Neuroptera 137 Mecoptera 137 Trichoptera 137 Lepidoptera 138 Coleoptera 142 Strepsiptera 145 Hymenoptera 146 Symphyta 146 Ichneumonoidea 147 Microhymenoptera 148 Apoidea, Sphecoidea, Vespoidea, Scolioidea 151 Formicidae 151 Diptera 152 Collecting adults 152 Assembly sites 153 Artificial light 153 Sunlight 153 Traps 153 Chemicals 154 Unbaited traps 154 Pan traps 155 Preserving and mounting 155 Pinning 155 Freeze-drying 156 Double mounts 156 Pinning from alcohol 156 Dissected genitalia 157 Microscopic mounts 157 Collecting and rearing immature stages 157 6 Aquatic larvae 158 Leafminers 158 Soil-dwelling larvae 158 Larvae in decaying vegetation 159 Carrion and dung feeders : 159 0 Parasites 159 Aphid predators 159 Larvaland pupal exuviae 159 Siphonaptera 161 Acari (mites) 162 Ixodides 167 Araneae 167 Formulas 169 References 172 Index 175 7
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