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The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering: An Introduction to Petroleum Geoscience: 4 PDF

395 Pages·2017·22.981 MB·English
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The Imperial College Lectures in PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal Volume 4 Q0115_9781786343956_TP.indd 1 3/7/18 8:55 AM Other Related Titles from World Scientific The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering Volume 1: An Introduction to Petroleum Geoscience by Michael Ala ISBN: 978-1-78634-206-5 The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering Volume 2: Reservoir Engineering by Martin J Blunt ISBN: 978-1-78634-209-6 The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering Volume 3: Topics in Reservoir Management by Deryck Bond, Samuel Krevor, Ann Muggeridge, David Waldren and Robert W Zimmerman ISBN: 978-1-78634-284-3 The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering Volume 5: Fluid Flow in Porous Media by Robert W Zimmerman ISBN: 978-1-78634-499-1 Alex - Q0115 - The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering.indd 1 10-07-18 3:36:44 PM The Imperial College Lectures in PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal Volume 4 Olivier Allain KAPPA, France Michael Dyson Striatum Ltd, UK Xudong Jing Shell, Netherlands Christopher Pentland Petroleum Development Oman, Oman Marcel Polikar Independent Consultant, Canada Vural Sander Suicmez Maersk Oil & Gas, Denmark World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO Q0115_9781786343956_TP.indd 2 3/7/18 8:55 AM Published by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Head office: 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Allain, Olivier, editor. | Dyson, M. R. (Michael Richard), 1964– author. | Jing, Xudong, author. Title: Drilling and reservoir appraisal / (author) Olivier Allain (Kappa, France), Michael Dyson (Striatum Ltd, UK), Xudong Jing (Shell, Netherlands), Christopher Pentland (Petroleum Development Oman, Oman), Marcel Polikar (Independent Consultant, Canada), Vural Sander Suicmez (Maersk Oil & Gas, Denmark) Description: [Hackensack] New Jersey : World Scientific, 2017. | Series: The Imperial College lectures in petroleum engineering ; volume 4 | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017024335 | ISBN 9781786343956 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Oil well drilling. | Oil reservoir engineering. | Oil wells--Measurement. | Petroleum reserves. | Petroleum--Geology. Classification: LCC TN871.2 .D7284 2017 | DDC 622/.3381--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017024335 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2019 by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. Disclaimer All reasonable effort has been taken to obtain permission for extracts, figures and images within this book. If there are any examples where you believe copyright has been infringed, please contact Imperial College London with details of the content in question. For any available supplementary material, please visit http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/Q0115#t=suppl Desk Editors: Anthony Alexander/Jennifer Brough/Shi Ying Koe Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore Alex - Q0115 - The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering.indd 2 10-07-18 3:36:44 PM July11,2018 17:59 DrillingandReservoirAppraisal-9inx6in b2931-fm pagev Foreword The oil industry has long been accustomed to fluctuations in the price of the oil, volatility in geopolitical landscape and far reaching new developments in technology and innovation. This forces the oil industry, including operators, service providers and suppliers as a whole, to adapt to such environments by cutting costs and reducing uncertainties in making critical investment decisions. In ordertomakesuchchangesandadapttoavariablepriceenvironment that can create low profit margins, the industry is forced to make continuous technical improvements, especially in the context of reducing the cost of enabling technologies. Technicaladvanceshavebeenatruegamechangerinoilindustry. The successful application of new technologies has literally enabled oil companies to transform resources which were once thought unconventional into conventional ones. As the saying goes “what is impossible today will be easy tomorrow”. Drilling technology is one such technology which has madesome radical changes in oil industry in the recent years that impacts the world’s macroeconomic outlook and the geopolitical future. This volume (Volume 4: Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal) covers thefundamentalsandrecentadvancementsindrillingtechnologyand reservoirappraisalstrategies.Itisauniquetributetopractisingengi- neers andgeoscientists in thefieldas well as tothestudents studying in petroleum engineering and earth science programs. This is an important part of the book titled The Imperial College Lectures in v July11,2018 17:59 DrillingandReservoirAppraisal-9inx6in b2931-fm pagevi vi Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal Petroleum Engineeringsinceacarefulwelldesignandanappropriate reservoir appraisal program are the first steps towards a successful development of an oil field while staying within the predefined economic bounds and minimising the risks and uncertainties in relevant applications. The authors are experts in their own field with the right blend of bothindustrialandacademicexperience.Therefore,thisbookoffersa uniqueopportunitiesforthereaderstolearnboththeoryandpractice fromacademictoindustrialperspectives.Itiswithouthesitationthat I recommend earth science and petroleum engineering professionals to have this book in their collection as I am confident that they will find it a useful reference book in the specific area of “Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal”. Dr. Birol Dindoruk Chief Scientist, Reservoir Physics Shell International E&P Inc. July11,2018 17:59 DrillingandReservoirAppraisal-9inx6in b2931-fm pagevii Preface As part of the Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal provides the introductory information needed for students of earth sciences, petroleum engineering, engineering and geoscience. The authors of this book are renowned experts in the industry specializing in the very areas they write about. This book is organized into three chapters. In Chapter 1, with many real-life examples sandwiched between the topics, Michael Dyson first introduces the basic principles of well engineering, in terms of planning, design and construction, and its impact on optimal field development. He then moves on to look at the basic drilling and completion stages and equipment used in the process, laying the ground for students to appreciate well operations safety, costs and operations management. Michael Dyson has been working in the oil and gas arena for many years all across the globe for corporations like Shell, BG Group and Navigant. Chapter 2 introduces the concepts of core analysis focuses on issues of coring and the laboratory measurement of the physico- chemical properties of samples, and underlines the importance of hydrocarbonreservoir development. Thischapter is written by Vural Sander Suicmez, Marcel Polikar, Xudong Jing and Christopher Pentland whoareall technical expertsin petroleumengineering with decades of industry and academic experience. vii July11,2018 17:59 DrillingandReservoirAppraisal-9inx6in b2931-fm pageviii viii Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal Known as petrophysics in the context of laboratory measure- ments of core material from petroleum reservoirs, core analysis remains an important element within this domain to examine the physico-chemical propertiesofsamplesofrecovered coreforpurposes withinmultipledisciplines.Petrophysicsalsoencompasswelllogdata acquisition and interpretation. Chapter3focusesonProductionLogging(PL),anin-welllogging operation designedto describethenatureandthebehaviour of fluids in or around the borehole, during either production or injection. PL provides, at a given time, phase by phase and zone by zone, how much fluid is coming out of or going into the formation. To obtain these information, the service company engineer will run a string of dedicated tools to capture and process the information. PL may be run for different purposes: monitoring and controlling the reservoir, analysing dynamic well performance, assessing the productivity or injectivity of individual zones, diagnosing well problems and monitoring the results of a well operation (stimulation, completion, etc.). In some companies, the definition of PL extends up to what we call cased hole logging, includingother logs such as Cement Bond Logs (CBL), pulse Neutron Capture Logs (PNL), Carbon/Oxygen Logs (C/O), corrosion logs, radioactive tracer logs and noise logs. Olivier Allain, technical director andpetroleum engineer at KAPPA, explains the main methods to interpret classical and multiple probe production logs in this segment. July11,2018 17:59 DrillingandReservoirAppraisal-9inx6in b2931-fm pageix About the Authors Olivier Allain is Technical Director of KAPPA, a petroleum engineering software company based in Sophia-Antipolis, France. During his 27 years with KAPPA, he has been involved with the development of interpretation software in disciplines ranging from pressure and rate transient analysis to production logging. Michael Dyson is a Director of Striatum, a consulting company delivering projects in the oil and gas arena. Over the course of his career, he has worked worldwide at Shell, BG Group and Navigant Consulting.HeisalsoanIndustryGuestLectureratImperialCollege London. Xudong Jing is the General Manager of improved and enhanced oil recovery technology at Shell. He has held petroleum engineering technical and leadership positions in the UK, Oman, China, US and the Netherlands. He is also a Visiting Professor in petroleum engineering at Imperial College London. Christopher Pentland is a Reservoir Engineer at Petroleum Development Oman. He has previously worked for Shell Global Solutions and studied at the Department of Earth Science and Engineering at Imperial College London. ix

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