The Iliad : the missing first edition (Attic script, Boustrophedon), edited by Ross G. Arthur

330 Pages·2002·1.9 MB·English

by  Homer

Homer
The Iliad
The Missing First Edition
(Attic Script, Boustrophedon)
edited by
Ross G. Arthur
In parentheses Publications
Greek Series
Cambridge, Ontario 2002
New Iliads all implictly promise their audiences something more than all previous
Iliads: a more accurate text, a more faithful or more lively translation, a more mellifluous
perfomance. For the most part, their goal is to modify the Iliad to meet audience
demands—demands based all too frequently on deficiencies of knowledge, ability, skill,
and temperament. “Since you are unwilling to read,” they say, “we will show you a film;
since you are unable to read Greek, we will give you a translation; since you are unable to
pronounce Greek without special help, we will provide you with accents; since you are
unable to remember, we will give you a written text.”
Epigraphists have long recognized that presenting archaic Greek writings to modern
readers in “normalized” form is a highly suspect practice. “It is regrettable,” says A.G.
Woodhead, “that absence of knowledge of how the Athenians expressed in letters the
decrees they passed makes it necessary for such valuable documentary collections as
M.N. Tod’s Greek Historical Inscriptions to transcribe Attic texts into Ionic in order to
make them intelligible.” This ignorance is frequently associated with difficulties of a
purely technical order: “… it is hardly feasible for the printer or intelligible for the reader
to print alternate lines of Greek backwards.”
What was not feasible for a printer in 1967 is quite possible in 2002 for a classicist
with a Macintosh™, Fontographer® and Nisus® Writer. Whether it will be intelligible to
the reader remains to be seen: but the necessary skills can only be acquired experientially,
by diligent reading of a text which never fails to repay any reader’s efforts.
What follows is an Iliad very much like those which circulated in seveth-century
Athens. I have made four concessions to modern tastes and insufficiencies:
(1) the letter forms are regularized; that is, every alpha is identical to every other
alpha, and so on;
(2) aspiration of initial rho is marked;
(3) all epsilon-iota and omicron-upsilon diphthongs are written out in full;
(4) words are separated.
Readers who wish to learn more about early Greek scripts should begin with A.G.
Woodhead, The Study of Greek Inscriptions (Cambridge, 1967) or L.H. Jeffrey, The
Local Scripts of Archaic Greece (Oxford, 1961).
ILIADOS A

Mh#nina(eide qea@Phlhi=a!dew <5Axilh#oßéá ou%lome!nhn, ˙h& muri1' <5Axaioi3ß a(lge'

@edß@uot%ua,nw⁄wr$h˙ áéneya+iorp id=iA9< ß@axuyßuom1iqf5i 'dß@allop áé,ekhq(e

˙e$lw⁄riateu#xe ku!nessinéáoi5wnoi3si1 te pa#si, Dio™ß d' e%telei1eto boulhéá!, e%c˙ou*
ßo3id 2iak n‹wrdn%a can(a et ßhd+iertA5< eáé tnas1ir%e nht!htsaid at‹wrp @at @hd

<5Axilleu!ß.éá |Ti1ß ta!rsfwe qew‹n e(ridi cune!hke ma!xesqai;éá Lhtou#ßkai2 Dio™ß
,n!hkak esrªo n™otarts @an%a nos#uon áéß2ieqwlox =i#hlisab r@ag ¶o˙ :ß¡o4iu˙

o∞le!kontode@ laoiéá1,˙ou^neka to™n Xru!shn h%ti1masen a%rhth#raéá <5Atrei+dhß:

't nwr!efartag!uq et ß¡onem¡osul áén‹wiaxA5< ßa#hn 2ip%e ß@aoq eql_h r@ag ¶o˙

a%perei1si'a(poinaéá,ste!mmat' e(xwn e%nxersi2n˙e$khbo¡lou <5Apo¡llwnoßéáxruse!w»

,w!udatsil!am@ed ad+iertA5< áé,ß!uoiaxA5< ßatn!apotess1il 2iak,»wrtp!hks @an%a

kosmh!torelaw‹n:éá<5Atrei+dai te kai2 a(lloie%u[knh!mideß <5Axaioiéá1, ˙u$mi3n me@n

'd_ue,nil¡op oiom!airPiasr!epk%e áéßetnox(e'tam⁄wd aipm!ulO5< ne3iod 2ioeq

oi9kad'˙i4ke!sqai:éá pai3da d'e%moi2lu!saite fi1lhn, ta@d'a(poina de!xesqaiéá,

ßetn!apn@em ioll(a'qnE9<| áé.anwll¡opA5< nol¡obhk$e˙n™o4iu˙ ß™oiD ionem¡oz$a˙

e%peufh!mhsan<5Axaioi2éá ai5dei3sqai1 q' ˙i4erh#a kai2a%glaa@ de!xqai a(poina:éá
,ie1if%a ß‹wkak @all%a áé,»‹wmuq enadn^h˙ inonm!emagA5< \hd+iertA 5<k%uo 'll%a

kratero™nd' e%pi2 mu#qon e(telle:éá mh! se ge!ronkoi1lh\sin e%gw¤ para@ nhusi2 kixei1wéá

nortp#hks\hms1iarx %uo iot !un!hm áé,atn¡o5i ßit_ua norets^u˙)h 'tnon!uqhd n#un )h

kai2ste!mmaqeoi3o:éá th@n d' e%gw¤ ou% lu!sw: pri1nmin kai2 gh#raß e(peisinéá ˙h$mete!rw»

ßox!el n™om%e2iak nhn!emoxiop%en™ots4i˙ áéßhrt!ap iq¡olht =iegrA9<n%e »wk9io 2in%e
a%ntio¡wsan: éáa%ll' i9qi mh !m' e%re!qize saw⁄teroß ˙wflß ke ne!hai.éá |˙<7Wß e(fat',
an3iq @arap nw!ek%a 'd #hb áé:»wq!um oteq1iep%e 2iak nwr!eg ¶o˙ 'd nesied(e
polufloi1sboio qala!sshß:éá polla@ d' e(peit 'a%pa!neuqe kiw¤n h%ra#q '˙o¶
uem 1iq#ulk áé:⁄wthL ek!et ßomok[!u%h n™ot ,itkan(a inwll¡opA 5<áéß™oiareg
a%rguro¡toc', ˙o¶ß Xru!shn a%mfibe!bhkaßéá Ki1lla!n te zaqe!hn Tene!doio¡ te i~fi

iot!etop !hd 5ie )háé,ayer(e n™ohn 2ip%e 'tne1irax iot!etop 9ie #ueqnimS áé,ßiess!an%a

kata@ pi1ona mhri1'e(khaéátau!rwn h%d' ai5gw‹n,to™ de!moi krh!hnon e%e!ldwr:éá
'd #uot ,ßonem¡ox%ue 'taf(e ßW7<˙| .áé nissel!eb is3ios aurk!ad @am%e 2ioanaD naies1it

e(klue Foi3boßA5< pol¡ lwnáé, bh#de@ kat'Ou%lu!mpoio karh!nwn xwo¡menoß kh#r,éá

2iots=i∞o 'r(a 'dnacgalk(e áé:nhrt!erafet a!eferhfm%anwx(e nisiom·w 'c¡ot
e%p' w·mwnxwome!noioéá, au%tou#kinhqe!ntoß: ˙o¶ d'h(i=e nukti2 e%oikw⁄ß.éá ˙e^zet'

oio!erugr%a'ten!eg @hggalk @ed@hniedáé:ekh^e˙ n™o5i'd @atem ,n‹wen equen!ap%a 'tiep(e

bioi3o:éá ou%rh#aß me@n prw‹ton e%pw⁄\xetokai2 ku!naß a%rgou!ßéá, au%ta@r e(peit'
otno1iak nw!uken 2iarup @ed 2ie5ia :'ll!ab áéß2ieif%e ß@ekuepex%e ßol!eb is3iot%ua
qameiai1.éá |<5Ennh#mar me@n a%na@ strato™n w·\xeto kh#la qeoi3oéá ,th#\ deka!th\ d'
@aeq ek#hq 2iserf 2ip%e r@ag »‹wt áé:ß!uellixA5< n™oal otass!elak @ed n@hrog%a

leukw⁄lenoß ˙<6Hrh:éá kh!deto ga@r Danaw‹n,˙o§ti ˙r4aqnh!skontaß ˙o¢ra#to.éá

ßonem!atsin%a'd is3iotáé,otnon!eg et ße!ereghm¢o˙neqreg(h n_uo 2iep%e 'd 7io˙

mete!fhpo¡daß wfiku@ß<5Axilleu!ß:éá <5Atrei+dh nu#na(mme palimplagxqe!ntaß
#uom¢o˙ @hd 5ie áé,nemiog!uf eg n¡otan!aq nek 9ie ,nies!htsonop%a y)a áéw+i∞o
po¡lemo¡ß te dama#\ kai 2loimo™ß <5Axaiou!ß:éá a%ll' a(ge dh !tina ma!ntin
'k ߧo˙ ,náé its%e ß¡oiD k%e ranªo 't r!ag 2iak ,nol¡oporien∞o 2iak )h aáé #hre4i˙ )h nemo1ier%e
ei9poi ˙o § ti to¡sson e%xw⁄sato Foi3boß <5Apo¡llwn, éáei 9 tar ˙o§ g ' eu%xwlh#ß

áénw1ieletet n‹wg5iaßhs1ink n‹wnr%aßwp n!ek 9iaáé,ßhbm¡otak$e˙ 'd%h iatefm!emip%e

bou!letaia%ntia!saß ˙h$mi3na%po™ loigo™na%mu#nai.éá |<9Htoi ˙o§ g'˙w‡ß ei5pw¤n

'xªonwl¡oponw5io ßhd1irotseQ ßaxl!aK áéhts!en%a'd is3iot:otez^e˙ 'r(a 'tak

a(ristoßéá, ˙o¶ß h(\dh ta!t' e%o¡nta ta!t' e%sso¡mena pro¡t' eo% n¡ taáé,kai2 nh!ess'

ßob3ioFer¡op 4io˙n!ht ,nhn!usotnam@aid n&h˙ áéws9ie noilI9< n‹wiaxA5< 'tas!hg$h˙

<5Apo¡llwn:éá˙o§ sfine%u@ frone!wn a%gorh!satokai2 mete!eipen:éá w—<5Axileu# ke!leai1

áé:ßotkan(aoat!elebhtak$e˙ ßonwll¡opA5< nin#hm áéiaqsas!hqumel1if ≠iiD em

toi2ga@r e%gw¤n e%re!w:su@ de@ su!nqeo kai1moi omª ossonáé h_me!n moipro¡frwn

ag!em ߶o˙ ,nem!eswloxardn(a iamo+i∞or@ag _háé:niec!hr%a n2isrex 2iaknisep(e
pa!ntwn éá<5Argei1wn krate!ei kai 1 ˙oi 4 pei1qontai <5Axaioi1: éákrei1sswn ga@r
ram#ht%ua 2iak eg nol¡ox et r!ag rep 9ie :áé =ihr!ex 2irdn%a iates⁄wx et§o˙ ß@uelisab
katape!yh\ éá,a%lla! te kai 2 meto¡pisqen e(xei ko¡ton , oªfra tele!ssh\, éáe%n
ßonem¡obiemap%a 'd n™oT | áé.ßies⁄was em 9ie ias!arf @ed @us :is3io$e˙ nisseq!hts

prose!fh po¡daßwfiku@ß <5Axilleu!ß:éá qarsh!saß ma!la ei5pe@ qeopro¡pion˙o§ ti

ßonem¡ox%ueáénaxl!aK @us et \°w˙ ,nol1if≠iiD anwll¡opA5< r@ag @am %uo áé:aqs~io

Danaoi3siqeopropi1aß a%nafai1neißéá,ou( tiße%meu# zw‹ntoß kai2e%pi2 xqoni2

nwtn!apmusáéies1iop%e ßar3iex ßa1ierab 2isuhn @arap ß\hl1iok2ios áéoion!emokred

Danaw‹n,ou%d' h)n<5Agame!mnona ei9ph\ß,éá ˙o¶ß nu#n pollo™n a(ristoß <5Axaiw‹n

rat(uo áé:nwm!um%aßitn!am ad(uh2iak eshsr!aq @hdet¡ot 2iaK| áé.ian~ie iatex(ue

˙o§g' eu%xwlh#ß e%pime!mfetai ou%d'˙e$kato¡mbhß,éá a%ll' ˙e^nek'a%rhth#roß ˙o¶n
áé,aniop(a 'tac!edep%a k%uo 2iak artag!uq esul!ep%a 'd%uo áé,nwnm!emagA5< 'shm1it%h

tou(nek'a(r' a(lge' e(dwken ˙e$khbo¡loß h%d'e(ti dw⁄sei:éá ou%d'˙o§ ge pri2n Danaoi3sin

áénhr!uok adip⁄wkil$e˙ianem¡od »wl1if2irtap ™op%a'g n1irp áéies⁄wp%a n™ogiola!ekie%a

a%pria!thna%na!poinon,a(gein q' ˙i4erh@n ˙e$kato¡mbhnéá e%ß Xru!shn:to¡te ke!n

is3iot:otez^e˙ 'r(a 'tak n¤wp5ie ߇w˙'g §o˙ iotH9<| áé.nemioq1ipep ionem!assal4i˙ nim

d'a%ne!sthéá ˙h^rwß <5Atrei+dhßeu%ru@ krei1wn<5Agame!mnwnéá a%xnu!menoß: me!neoß

itnw¡otepmal2irup 4io˙!ed essªo,'tnalpm1ip áéianial!emifm%a ßen!erf ag!em @ed

e%i+kthn:éá Ka!lxanta prw⁄tista ka!k' o∞sso¡menoß prose!eipe:éá ma!ntikakw‹n
2iserf al1if 2its%e 'k!ak @at iot 1ie5ia áé:ßap~ie noug!hrk ™ot iom !etop ⁄wp %uo

manteu!esqaiéá,e%sqlo™n d'ou(te! ti1 pw ei~paß e(poß ou(t' e%te!lessaß:éá kai2nu#n

ßol¡obhk$e˙ nifs!aken^e˙ 'd#uot @hd ß›w˙áéßie!uerog%a nw!eporpoeq is3ioanaD n%e

a(lgeateu!xei,éá˙ou^nek' e%gw¤kou!rhß Xrushi+doßa%gla!' a(poinaéáou%k e(qelon
a4r˙ r!ag 2iak :niex(e iok9io áén@ht%ua iamol!uob @ulop 2iep%e ,iaqsac!ed

Klutaimnh!strhßprobe!boulaéákouridi1hß a%lo¡xou, e%pei2 ou( ˙e$qe!n e%stixerei1wn,éá

wl!eq%eß°w˙ 2iak @all%a áé.agr(e it !et(uo ßan!erfr)a 't(uo ,n!huf @ed%uoßam!ed %uo
do¡menai pa!lin ei 5to¡ g' a(meinon: éábou!lom' e%gw¤ lao™n sw‹n e(mmenai h)
áéßo~io @hm arfªo 'tas!amiot$e˙ 'x1it%ua ßar!eg 2iom%e r@at%ua áé:iaqs!elop%a

<5Argei1wna%ge!rastoß e(w, e%pei2 ou%de@ e(oike:éá leu!ssetega@r to¡ ge pa!nteß ˙o§
áé:ß!uellixA5< ßo3id ßhkr!adop atiep(e 'teb1iem%h 'd n™oT| .áé \hll(a iatexr(e ßar!eg iom

<5Atrei+dhku!diste filokteanw⁄tate pa!ntwn,éá pw‹ß ga!r toi dw⁄sousi ge!raß

@all%a áé:!allop anem1iek a=i!hnuc nemd9iuop 1it !ed%uo áé;1ioiaxA5<iomuq!agem
ta @me@n poli1wn e%cepra!qomen, ta @ de!dastai éá,laou@ß d ' ou%k e%pe!oike
r@at%ua :ße¡orp »‹weq edn#ht n#un n@em @us @all%a .áé nier1iegap%e 't#uat agoll1ilap
<5Axaioi2éá triplh#\ tetraplh#\ t' a%potei1somen, ai9 ke! poqi Zeu@ßéá dw‹»si po¡lin
hf!esorp ßonem¡obiemap%a 'd n™oT| áé.iac!apalac%e noex1iet%ue nh1iorT

krei1wn<5Agame!mnwn:éámh@ d'˙ou^twß a%gaqo¡ßper e%w¤n qeoei1kel' <5Axilleuéá#

ß™ot%ua'rfªoßiel!eq%e _háé.ßies1iep em !ed%uoiaes!uelerap %uo 2iep%e ,»w¡on etp!elk

e(xh\ßge!raß, au%ta@r e(m' au(twßéá ˙h*sqai deuo¡menon, ke!leai de!me th#nd'

ßetnasr(a áé2ioiaxA5<iomuq!agem ßar!eg isuos⁄wd n@em 5ie 'll%a áé;ian#uodop%a

kata@ qumo™n˙o§pwß a%nta!cione(stai:éáei5 de! kemh@ dw⁄wsin e%gw¤de! ken
¶o˙ :n⁄wl$e˙ wc(a ßáé o#hsudO5< )h ,ßar!eg n¤w5i ßotna9iA )h n™oet )h áéiamwl^e˙ ß™ot%ua
de ! ken kexolw⁄setai ˙o§n ken ˙i6kwmai. éáa%ll' h(toi me@n tau#ta

ß5ienemoss!ur%e nanial!em a#hn eg(a 'dn#unáé,ßit_ua 2iakaqsem¡osarfatem
˙a^ladi3anéá,e%n d'e%re!taß e%pithde@ß a%gei1romen, e%ß d' ˙e$kato¡mbhnéá qei1omen,

r@hn%a ß™oxr%a ßit!ed ß8ie˙ :nemos!hbáéno\hr!apillak ad+ihsurX n@ht%ua 'dn)a

boulhfo¡roße(stw,éá h) Ai9aß h) <5Idomeneu@ß h) di3oß<5Odusseu@ßéá h%e@su@ Phlei+dh pa!ntwn

áé.ßac!e4r˙@are4i˙ iaess!al4i˙nogre!ak$e˙ nim^h˙'rfªoáé,n‹wrdn%a 'tat¡olgapk%e

|To™nd' a(r' ˙u$po¡dra i5dw¤n prose!fh po¡daß wfiku@ß <5Axilleu!ß:éá w· moi a%naidei1hn

áén‹wiaxA5<iathq1iep nisep(e nwrf¡orpiot ß1it ß‹wp áénorf¡oeladrek en!emieip%e
h) ˙o¢do™n e%lqe!menai h) a%ndra!sin i~fi ma!xesqai;éá ou% ga@r e%gw¤ Trw⁄wn ˙e^nek'
%uo :áé nis5ie 1ioit9ia iom 1it (uo 2iep%e ,ßonem¡oshxam or#ued áénw!athmx5ia noqul(h

ga@r pw⁄pot'e%ma@ß bou#ß h(lasan ou%de@me@n ˙i6ppouß,éá ou%de! pot' e%nFqi1h\

áé@ucatem@allopal!am _h 2iep%e ,'tnas!hlhd%e n™oprak áé\hr1ienaitwb ikal⁄wbir%e

ou(rea!te skio¡enta qa!lassa!te h%xh!essa:éá a%lla@ soi2 w— me!g' a%naide@ß ˙a^m'

áéap‹wnuket 1ios »w!aleneM ionem!unr%a n@hmitáé,ß\hr1iax @us arfªo 'qem¡ops$e˙

pro™ßTrw⁄wn: tw‹nou( ti metatre!ph\ou%d' a%legi1zeiß:éá kai2dh! moi ge!raß au%to™ß

áé.n‹wiaxA5<ße8iu˙ iom !ed nas¡od ,ashg¡om @allop ip(e \°w˙áé,ß3ieliep%a iaqses!hriaf%a
ou% me@n soi1 pote i~son e(xw ge!raß ˙o¢ppo¡t' <5Axaioiéá 2Trw⁄wn e%kpe!rsws' eu_

áéoiom!elopßok=i!aulop no3ielp n@em ™ot @all%a áé:norqe1ilotp nonem¡oian

xei3reße%mai2 die!pous': a%ta@r h(npote dasmo™ß ˙i6khtai,éá soi2 to™ ge!raß polu@
wm!ak ek 1iep%e ,ßa#hn 2ip%e nwx(e 'moxr(e áéet nol1if et nog1il∞o 'd ¤wg%e ,noz3iem

polemi1zwn.éá nu#nd' ei~mi Fqi1hn d',e%pei2 h_polu@ fe!rtero¡ne%stinéáoi9kad' i9men

not#uolp2iak ßonef(an¤w%e ßomit(a 'd!aqn%e áéw+i∞o's !ed%uo ,nis1inwrok2isuhn n@us

a%fu!cein.éá |To™n d' h%mei1bet'e(peita a(nac a%ndrw‹n <5Agame!mnwn:éáfeu#ge ma!l'

'r!ap:nien!em o3iem%e'ken6ie˙ iamoss1il áéegwg(e 's !ed%uo,iatuss!ep%e ß™omuqiot 9ie
e(moige kai2 a(lloiéá ˙oi6 ke! me timh!sousi, ma!lista de@ mhti1eta Zeu!ß.éá e(xqistoß

et 1iomel¡ophl1if et ßir(e iot r!ag 2ie5ia áé:nw!hlisab nw!efertoid iss%e 1iom!ed

ma!xaite:éáei5 ma!la kartero¡ß e%ssi, qeo¡ß pou soi2 to¡ g'e(dwken:éá oi9kad'i5w¤n

¤wg%e'dneq!es ,essan(a nissen¡odimruM áéisior!at$e˙ ß3ios 2iakß\#hs et 1isuhnn@us

ou%ka%legi1zwéá, ou%d'oªqomaikote!ontoß: a%peilh!sw de!toi ˙w°de:éá ˙w›ß e(m'

2iak\#hm%e 't +ihn n@us ¤wg%en@em n@ht áé,nwll¡opA5< ßob3ioF ad+ihsurX iat3ieriaf%a

e%moi3ß˙e$ta!roisiéá pe!myw, e%gw¤de! k'a(gw Brishi+dakallipa!rh\onéá au%to™ß i5w¤n

\h!eguts,neq!es im5ie ß¡oretr!efnoss§o˙ áéß\#hd5ie [@u%e'rfªo ßar!eg n™os ™ot @ednh1isilk

de@kai2 a(lloßéá i~son e%moi2 fa!sqaikai2 ˙o¢moiwqh!menai a(nthn.éá |˙<7Wß fa!to:
axidn!aid isio1isal nisseq!hts áérot_h 4io˙ !ed n%e ,'ten!eg ßox(a 'd inw+ielhP

mermh!ricenéá,h) ˙o§ ge fa!sganon o∞cu@e%russa!menoß para@ mhrouéá# tou@ß me@n
et !eies!uthr%e neies!uap nol¡ox e_háé,ioz1iran%e nhd+iertA5<'d ¶o˙ ,neies!htsan%a

qumon¡ .áé˙h*oß ˙o¶ tau#q' ˙wflrmaine kata@ fre!na kai2kata@ qumo¡n,éá˙e^lketo
@aeq ek*h˙ r@ag ™orp :neq¡onar%uo háé n!hqA5< 'd eql_h ,ßof1ic ag!em o3ioelok k%e 'd

leukw⁄lenoß˙<6Hrhéáa(mfw ˙o¢mw‹ß qumw‹»file!ousa! te khdome!nh te:éásth# d'
nwll(a 'd n‹wt :hn!emoniaf »w9io aáé nw+ielhP el^e˙ ßhm¡ok @ed ß#hqnac ,neqipªo

ou( tiß˙o¢ra#to:éá qa!mbhsen d'<5Axileu!ß, meta@ d' e%tra!pet',au%ti1ka d'eg( nwáé
aep(e ßas!hnwf nim 1iak :áé neqna!af essªo 4io˙ !ed ¤wnied :nh1ianhqA5< 'd!allaP

ptero¡enta proshu!da:éá ti1pt' au_t'ai5gio¡xoio Dio™ß te!koß ei5lh!louqaß;éá h_

2iak@ed ™ot ,w!er%eiot k(e 'll%aáé;oad+iertA5< ßononm!emagA5< \hd9i nirb^u˙ an6i˙

tele!esqaio∞i+w:éá ˙h*\ß˙u$peropli1h\si ta!x' a(npote qumo™n o∞le!ssh\.éá |To™n d'

n™os ™ot asuos!uap¤wg%e noql_háé:hn!hqA5<ßip‹wkualg @aeq epie!esorp et_ua

me!noß, ai9ke piq1 haiáé, ou%rano¡qen:pro™ de! m' ˙h*ke qea@ leukw⁄lenoß ˙<6Hrhéá a(mfw
ßof1ic @edhm ,ßodir(e 'g#hl eg(a 'll%a :áé et hn!emodhk et !asuo!elif »‹wmuq ß‹wm¢o˙

˙e^lkeoxeiri1:éá a%ll'h(toi e(pesin me@n o∞nei1dison˙w›ß e(setai1 per:éá ˙w°de ga@r
ass¡ot ß2irt iot !etop 1iak áé:iats(e non!emseletet 2iak @ed ™ot ,w!erec%e

pare!ssetaia%glaa@ dw‹raéá˙u^brioß ˙ei6neka th#sde: su@ d'i9sxeo, pei1qeod'

n@em@hrx áé:ß!uellixA5< ß@ukfiwßad¡op hf!esorp ßonem¡obiemap%a'd n@hT| áé.n3im$h˙
sfwi+tero¡n ge qea@ e(poß ei5ru!ssasqaiéá kai2 ma!la per qumw‹» kexolwme!non:

H-<|áé.#uot%ua noulk(e 't al!am iathq1iepip%e ß3ioeqek ߧo˙ áé:noniem(ar@ag ß°w˙

kai2e%p' a%rgure!h\ kw⁄ph\ sxe!qe xei3ra barei3an,éá a)y d' e%ß kouleo™n w—se me!ga

'tam⁄wd áéiek!hbeb@ed nopmul(uO 'd&h˙ :ßh1ianhqA5< »wq!umáéeshq1ip%a 'd%uo,ßof1ic
e%ß ai5gio¡xoio Dio™ß meta @ dai1monaß a(llouß.éá |Phlei+dhß d ' e%cau#tiß
áé:oiol¡ox eg#hl wp (uo 2iak ,epie!esorp nhd+iertA5< áénisse!ep%e ß3iorhtrat%a
oi5nobare!ß ,kuno™ß oªmmat' e(xwn ,kradi1hn d' e%la!foio, éáou(te! pot 'e%ß

nisse!htsir%a n@us ian!e5i 'dnox¡ol et(uo áéian#hqxhrwq »‹wal am^a˙nomel¡op
<5Axaiw‹néá te!tlhkaß qumw‹»: to ™ de !toi kh@r ei9detai ei~nai.éá h _polu @ lw⁄i=o¡n e%sti

no1itn%a neq!es ßitߧo˙ iaqs3ieriaop%a 'r‹wd áén‹wiaxA5< n@ur%ue n™otarts @atak

ei9ph\:éá dhmobo¡roß basileu@ß e%pei2ou%tidanoi3sin a%na!sseiß:éá h_ ga@ra)n <5Atrei+dh

áé:iam#uom∞o nokr§o˙nag!em 2ip%e 2iakw!er%e iot k(e 'll%aáé.oias!hbwl atats^u˙ n#un

nai2ma@ to¡de skh#ptron,to™ me@n ou( pote fu!lla kai2 oªzoußéá fu!sei, e%pei2 dh@

ß™oklax$e˙ !a4r˙r!ag 2irep :ies!hlhqan%a'd%uo áé,nepiol!elisserªo n%e n@hmot at‹wrp

e(leyeéá fu!lla!te kai2 floio¡n: nu#n au_te!min ˙ui8eß <5Axaiw‹néá e%npala!mh\ß

iot!ed ¶o˙ :iata!ur5ieß™oiD ß™orp áéßatsim!eq et 6io˙ ,iol¡opsakidisuo!erof
me!gaß e(ssetai ˙o§rkoß:éá h_pot' <5Axillh#oß poqh@ ˙i6cetai ˙ui8aß <5Axaiw‹néá

n)a't_ue ,n3iemsiarx áérepß¡onem!unx%aiaes!hnud it (uo 'det¡ot :ßatnapm!us
polloi2 ˙u$f' ˙<6Ektoroß a%ndrofo¡noioéá qnh!skonteß pi1ptwsi: su@ d' e(ndoqi

ßW7<˙|áé.ßasit(e n@ed%uo n‹wiaxA5< notsir(a't §o˙ ßonem¡owx áéßiec!um%a n™omuq

fa!toPhlei+dhß, poti2 de@skh#ptron ba!le gai1h\éá xrusei1oiß ˙h^loisi peparme!non,

ß@hpeud$h˙áérwts!eN @ed is3iot:ein!hm%e neqwr!et$e˙ 'd ßhd+iertA5<áé:ß¡ot%ua 'd otez^e˙

a%no¡rouseligu@ß Puli1wn a%gorhth!ßéá, tou# kai2a%po™ glw⁄sshßme!litoß gluki1wn
6io˙ ,'qa1iqf%e náé wp⁄wrqn%a nwp¡orem 2iaeneg n@em o!ud hd(h 'd »‹wt áé:!hd%ua ne!e4r˙

˙oi4pro¡sqen ˙a^ma tra!fenh%d' e%ge!nontoéá e%nPu!lw» h%gaqe!h\,meta@ de@

áé:nepie!etem 2iakotas!hrog%a nw!enorf @u%enifs §o˙ áé:nessan(a nisiot!atirt

w— po¡poih_me!ga pe!nqoß<5Axaii+da gai3an ˙i4ka!nei:éá h_kenghqh!sai Pri1amoß

n=i‹wfs5ie á黋wmuqota1ioraxek nekag!emße‹wrT etioll(a áéßed3iap et¡oiom!airP

ta!depa!nta puqoi1atomarname!noii=n,éá ˙oi7peri2 me@nboulh@n Danaw‹n,

áé:o3iem%e n™ots%e wr!etwen@ed wfm(a :'qseq1ip @all%a áé.iaqsex!am @ets%e 'd 2irep

h(dhga!r pot' e%gw¤kai2 a%rei1osin h%e!per ˙u$mi3néá a%ndra!sin ˙w›mi1lhsa, kai2 ou(

áé,iamwd9i@ed%uoßar!en%a nod9i ßuo1iotwp r!ag %uo áé.nozir!eq%a 'g6io˙ 'm !etop
˙oi8on Peiri1qoo¡n te Dru!anta! te poime!na law‹néá Kaine!a t' <5Eca!dio¡n te

áé:nisiot!anaq%a nolek1ieip%e,nhd+ieg5iA't a!eshQ áénomhf!uloP noeq1itn%a 2iak

ka!rtistoi dh@kei3noi e%pixqoni1wntra!fen a%ndrw‹n:éá ka!rtistoi me@n e(san

áé.nassel¡op%aßwlg!apk%e 2iakisio\⁄wkser∞o n2isrhf áéotnox!am%e ßiots1itrak 2iak

kai2me@ntoi3sin e%gw¤ meqomi1leon e%k Pu!loue%lqw¤néáthlo¡qen e%c a%pi1hß gai1hß:
n)a 'd ision1iek :⁄wg%e n™ot%ua 'm(e 'tak nhm¡oxam 2iak :áé 1iot%ua r@ag otnas!elak
ou ( tißéá tw‹n ˙oi7 nu#n brotoi 1ei5sin e%pixqo¡nioi maxe!oito:éá kai2 me!n meu
2iep%e ,ßemm(u 2iak eqseq1ip @all%a áé:»wq!um et ¡otnoq1iep nein!uc nw!eluob

pei1qesqaia(meinon:éá mh!tesu@ to¡nd' a%gaqo¡ßper e%w¤n a%poai1reo kou!rhnéá,

'leq'hd1ielhP @us et!hm áé:n‹wiaxA5<ße8iu˙ ßar!eg nas¡od at‹wrp4io˙ ßflw˙ a(e 'll%a
e%rize!menai basilh#i=éá a%ntibi1hn, e%pei2 ou( poq' ˙o¢moi1hß e(mmore timh#ßéá

iss%eß¡oretrak @us @ed5ie áé.nekwd(e ßod#ukß@ueZ et \°w˙,ß!uelisab ßox#uotphks
qea @ de !se gei1nato mh!thr, éáa%ll' ˙o§ ge fe!rtero¡ß e%stin e%pei2 pleo¡nessin

=i#hllixA5<'moss1il áéegwg(er@at%ua :ßon!em n™oet e#uap@ed @us hd+iertA5< áé.iess!an%a

meqe!men xo¡lon, ˙o¶ß me!ga pa#sinéá ˙e^rkoß<5Axaioi3sin pe!letaipole!moio

@hd2ianáé:nwnm!emagA5< nw1ierk hf!esorp ßonem¡obiemap%a'd n™oT| áé.o3iokak

tau#ta!gepa!nta ge!ron kata@ moi3ran e(eipeß:éá a%ll'˙o§d' a%nh@r e%qe!lei peri2
'd issetn!ap ,iel!eq%e nie!etark n@em nwtn!ap áé,nwll(a ianemm(e nwtn!ap
a%na!sseinéá ,pa#si de@ shmai1nein, ˙a^ tin' ou% pei1sesqai o∞i+w:éá ei5 de! min ai5xmhth@n
aed1ien∞o nisuo!eqorp 4io˙ !aken(uot áéßetn¡o%e n@e5ia 2ioeq naseq(e

muqh!sasqai;éá |To™n d'a(r' ˙u$poblh!dhn h%mei1betodi3oß <5Axilleu!ß:éáh_ga!r ken

iamoc1iep$u˙nogr(e n#ap2ios @hd5ie áénhm1ioelak ß™onadit%uo 2iak et ß¡olied

˙o§tti1 keneip9 h\ß:áé a(lloisin dh@tau#t' e%pite!lleo, mh@ ga@r e(moigeéá sh!main': ou%

oell!ab2iserf 2in%e 'd@us ,w!er%e iot !edoll(a áé.w+i∞oiaqses1iep 2ios it(e 'gwg(er@ag

sh\#si:áéxersi2me@n ou( toie(gwge maxh!somai ˙ei6nekakou!rhßéá ou(te soi2 ou(te!

\#hoqits%e 1iom^a˙ nwll(a 'dn‹wt áé:ßetn¡od eg!eqsel!ef%a 'm 1iep%e ,»wll(a »wt

para@ nhi≠ melai1nh\éá tw‹n ou%ka(n ti fe!roiß a%nelw¤n a%e!kontoße%mei3o:éá ei5 d'

n™onialek am8ia˙ iot!ay~ia áé:ed8io˙2iak isw⁄wng an6i˙ iashr1iep n@hm eg(a
e%rwh!sei peri2 douri1.éá |˙<7Wß tw⁄ g' a%ntibi1oisi maxessame!nw e%pe!essinéá a%nsth!thn,

ßa#hn2iak ßa1isilk2ip%e n@em ßhd+ielhP áé:n‹wiaxA5<n2isuhn @arap n@hrog%a 'dnas#ul

e%i+saßéá h(i=e su!n te Menoitia!dh\ kai2 ˙oi8ß ˙e$ta!roisin:éá <5Atrei+dhß d'a(ranh#a
áénhbm¡otak$e˙ 'd ß%e ,nisok1ie%e nenirk(e ßat!er%e 'd n%e ,náé essur!eorp @ed al^a˙ n@hoq

bh#seqew‹», a%na@ de@Xrushi+da kallipa!rh\onéá ˙ei8sen a(gwn: e%nd'a%rxo™ß e(bh

áé,aquel!ek@arg$u˙ noelp!ep%e ßetn!aban%a'tiep(e n@em 7iO˙|áé.ß!uessudO5< ßithm!ulop

laou@ßd' <5Atrei+dhßa%polumai1nesqai an( wgen:áé ˙oi7d' a%pelumai1nonto kai2

áéßabm¡otak$e˙ßass!ehlet inwll¡opA5< 'dnodr^e˙ áé,noll!ab atam!ul al^a˙ß5ie
tau!rwn h%d' ai5gw‹n para@ qi3n' ˙a$lo™ß a%truge!toio:éá kni1sh d' ou%rano™n ˙i8ken

'd%uo:n¡otarts @atak otnon!ep @atn@em 7io˙ßW7<˙| áé.»‹wnpak2irep hn!emossil$e˙

A5< gamem! nwnáé lh#g' e(ridoß th@nprw‹ton e%phpei1lhs' <5Axilh#i=,éáa%ll' ˙o§ge Talqu!bio¡n

áé:etnop!areq¤wrhrt∞o 2iakekur!hk nas(e4io˙ ⁄wt áé,epie!esorpnht!abur%uE 2iak et

e(rxesqonklisi1hn Phlhi=a!dew<5Axilh#oß:éá xeiro™ß ˙e$lo¡nt'a%ge!menBrishi+da

n@us n¤wql%eáéiamwl^e˙ ß™ot%ua nek!ed ¤wg%enis\h⁄wd @hm ek!ed 5ie áé:no\hr!apillak
pleo¡nessi: to¡ ˙oi4 kai2 ˙r4i1gion e(stai.éá |˙<7Wß ei5pw¤n proi+ei, kratero™n d' e%pi2
áé,oiot!egurt%a ß™ol$a˙ 'n3iq @arap nht!ab etnok!e%a 'd ¤wt áé:ellet(e noq#um

Murmido¡nwn d'e%pi1 te klisi1aß kai2 nh#aß˙i4ke!sqhn,éá to™n d'˙eu*ron para! te

áé.ß!uellixA5<neshq!hg n¤wd5i eg ⁄wt ar(a'd%uo:nonem^h˙ áé\hn1ialem ≠ihn 2iak \h1isilk
tw ¤ me@n tarbh!sante kai 2ai5dome!nw basilh#aéá sth!thn, ou%de! ti1 min

n!eshn⁄wf 2iserf 2in%e nis\*h˙wng(e ¶o˙ r@at%ua áé:otno!er%e 'd%uonoen⁄wfesorp

te:éáxai1rete kh!rukeß Dio™ß a(ggeloi h%de@ kai2 a%ndrw‹néá, a_ssoni9t': ou( ti1 moi

áé.ßhr!uokaken6ie˙ ßod+ihsirB ie+iorp =i‹wfs ¶o˙ áé,nwnm!emagA5<'ll%aioit1iap%e ßemm(u
a%ll'a(ge diogene@ß Patro¡kleeß e(cage kou!rhnéákai1 sfwi=n do™ß a(gein: tw¤ d'
n‹wthnq et ß¡orp nwr!akam n‹weq et ß¡orp áénwts(e iorutr!am ¤wt%ua

an% qrwp⁄ wnáékai2 pro™ß tou# basilh#oß a%phne!oßei9 pote d'au_teéá xreiw¤e%mei3o
áé,ie!uq 2iserf is\#hiol∞o 'g §o˙ r@ag _h :ßioll(a ß3iot iáéan#um%a n™ogiol a!ekie%a iathn!eg

ou%de!ti oi~de noh#sai ˙a^mapro¡ssw kai2 o∞pi1sswéá,˙o§ppwß ˙oi4 para@ nhusi2

'qeq1iepep%e»wl1if@ed ßolkort!aP ,ot!afßW7<˙| áé.1ioiaxA5< otnio!examio¡os

˙e$tai1rwéá», e%kd' a(gage klisi1hßBrishi+da kallipa!rh\on,éá dw‹ked' a(gein: tw¤ d'

r@at%ua:ne1ik @hnug is3iotam^a˙ 'suok!e%a 'd &h˙áé:n‹wiaxA5< ßa#hn @arap nht9ißit_ua

<5Axilleu@ßéádakru!saß ˙e$ta!rwn a(far ˙e^zeto no¡sfi liasqeiß1 áé,qi3n' e(f'˙a$lo™ß

otas!hr%h\hl1if 2irthm @ed @allopáé:notn¡op anor1iep%a'p%e nw¡or¢o˙ ,ß#hilop

xei3raßo∞regnu!ß:éá mh#ter e%pei1 m'e(teke!ß geminunqa!dio¡n pereo% n¡ taáé,timh!n

!ed%uo'dn#un :ßht!emerbiy$u˙ ß@ueZ áéiac1ilaugg%eßoipm!ulO5< nellefªo iomr!ep

metutqo™n e(tisen:éá h_ ga!r m' <5Atrei+dhßeu%ru@ krei1wn<5Agame!mnwnéá h%ti1mhsen:

'd#uot ,nw!ex urk!adot!afßW7<˙| áé.ßar!uop%a ß™ot%uaßar!eg iex(e r@ag n¤wl$e˙

e(klue po¡tnia mh!thréá ˙h$me!nh e%nbe!nqessin ˙a$lo™ß para@ patri2 ge!ronti:éá
o3iot%ua 'qior!ap a4r˙ 1iak ,háé lx1im∞o 't[!u%h ß™ol$a˙ ß#hilop ud!en%a 'd ßwm1ilaprak

kaqe!zeto da!kruxe!ontoß,éá xeiri1 te! minkate!recen e(poß t' e(fat'e(k t'

,ad!uac%eáé;ßoqn!ep otek6i˙ßan!erf es !ed1it ;ßie1ialk 1itnonk!et áé:ezam¡on∞o

mh@keu#qe no¡w», ˙i6na ei9domen a(mfw.éá |Th@n de@ baru@ stena!xwn prose!fh

áé;w!uerog%a'tn!ap \h1iud5iat#uat iot (h1it :aqs~io áé:ß!uellixA5<ß@ukfiw ßad¡op

wfi\xo¡meq'e%ß Qh!bhn ˙i4erh@n po¡lin <5Heti1wnoßéá,th@n de@diepra!qome!n te kai2

ße8iu˙nis1ifs @atem otnass!ad _uen@em @at2iak áé:atn!aped!aqn%e nemog(h

<5Axaiw‹néá,e%k d' ˙e^lon <5Atrei+dh\ Xrushi+da kallipa!rh\on.éáXru!shß d' au_q'˙i4ereu@ß

áénwn⁄wtixoklaxn‹wiaxA5< ßa#hn 2ip%e ß@aoq eql_h áéßonwll¡opA5<uol¡obhtak$e˙

luso¡meno¡ßte qu!gatra fe!rwnt' a%perei1si' a(poinaéá, ste!mmat' e(xwne%n
ßatn!ap otess1il 2iak ,»wrtp!hks @an%a »w!esurx ßáé onwll¡opA5< uol¡obhk$e˙ n2isrex

<5Axaiou!ßéá,<5Atrei+da de@ ma!listadu!w kosmh!tore law‹n.éá e(nq' a(lloime@n

iaqx!ed@aalg%a 2iak a#hre4i˙'q 1iaqs3ied5ia áé2ioiaxA5< nashm!hfuep%e ßetn!ap

a(poina:éá a%ll'ou%k <5Atrei+dh\<5Agame!mnoni ˙h^ndane qumwéá‹»,a%lla@ kakw‹ß
nil!ap nwr!eg ¢o˙ 'd ßonem¡owx áé:ellet(e noq#um 2ip%e 'd n™oretark ,ie1if%a
w·\xeto: toi3o d' <5Apo¡llwnéá eu%came!nou h(kousen, e%pei2 ma!la ˙oi4 fi1loß h_en,éá

,ioret!ussap%e noks\#hnq áé2ioalun !ed7io˙ :ßol!ebn™okak isio1iegrA5< 'p%e 'dek*h˙
ta @d 'ep% w\⁄xeto khl# a qeoio3 áépan! th\ an% a @straton™ eur% un@ A5< xaiwn‹ : am( mi