The Idea of Creativity Philosophy of History and Culture Editor Michael Krausz Bryn Mawr College Advisory Board Annette Baier (University of Pittsburgh) Purushottama Bilimoria (Deakin University, Australia) Cora Diamond (University of Virginia) William Dray (University of Ottawa) Nancy Fraser (New School for Social Research) Clifford Geertz† (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) Peter Hacker (St. John’s College, Oxford) Rom Harré (Linacre College, Oxford) Bernard Harrison (University of Sussex) Martha Nussbaum (University of Chicago) Leon Pompa (University of Birmingham) Joseph Raz (Balliol College, Oxford) Amélie Rorty (Harvard University) VOLUME 28 The Idea of Creativity Edited by Michael Krausz, Denis Dutton and Karen Bardsley LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The idea of creativity / edited by Michael Krausz, Denis Dutton, and Karen Bardsley. p. cm. -- (Philosophy of history and culture, ISSN 0922-6001 ; v. 28) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-17444-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Creative ability. I. Krausz, Michael. II. Dutton, Denis. III. Bardsley, Karen. IV. Title. V. Series. BF408.I36 2009 153.3’5--dc22 2008055174 ISSN 0922-6001 ISBN 978 90 04 17444 3 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Acknowledgments ....................................................................... ix Contributors ................................................................................ xi Introduction ............................................................................... xvii Michael Krausz PART ONE EXPLAINING CREATIVITY: PERSONS, PROCESSES, AND PRODUCTS Chapter One Criteria of Creativity ......................................... 3 Carl R. Hausman Chapter Two Creative Product and Creative Process in Science and Art ....................................................................... 17 Larry Briskman Chapter Three The Rationality of Creativity ......................... 43 I. C. Jarvie Chapter Four Creativity as a Darwinian Phenomenon: The Blind-Variation and Selective-Retention Model ............. 63 Dean Keith Simonton Chapter Five Creativity and Skill ............................................. 83 Berys Gaut Chapter Six On Bringing a Work into Existence ..................... 105 Peter Lamarque vi contents PART TWO CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION, AND SELF Chapter Seven Poincaré’s ‘Delicate Sieve’: On Creativity and Constraints in the Arts ..................................................... 129 Paisley Livingston Chapter Eight The Creative Imagination ................................ 147 Michael Polanyi Chapter Nine Every Horse has a Mouth: A Personal Poetics ................................................................... 165 F. E. Sparshott Chapter Ten Creativity and Self-Transformation ................... 191 Michael Krausz Chapter Eleven On the Dialectical Phenomenology of Creativity ............................................................................... 205 Albert Hofstadter Chapter Twelve The Artistic Relevance of Creativity ............. 213 David Davies PART THREE FORMS AND DOMAINS OF CREATIVITY Chapter Thirteen Creativity: How Does it Work? ................... 237 Margaret Boden Chapter Fourteen The Three Domains of Creativity ............. 251 Arthur Koestler Chapter Fifteen Creativity in Science ...................................... 267 Rom Harré contents vii Chapter Sixteen Creative Interpretation of Literary Texts ..... 293 Thomas Leddy Chapter Seventeen Creativity in Philosophy and the Arts ....... 313 John M. Carvalho Index ........................................................................................... 331 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors gratefully acknowledge Margaret Boden, John M. Carv- alho, David Davies, Berys Gaut, Michael Krausz, Peter Lamarque, Tomas Leddy, Paisley Livingston, and Dean Keith Simonton, who wrote new works especially for this volume. Eight of the essays appeared in an earlier volume, The Idea of Cre- ativity in Science and Art, edited by Denis Dutton and Michael Krausz, published in 1981 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague (series editor, Harold Durfee). Those are the works by Larry Briskman, Rom Harré, Carl Hausman, Albert Hofstadter, I. C. Jarvie, Arthur Koestler, Michael Polanyi, and F. E. Sparshott. We thank Harold Durfee who, in the name of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, granted the rights to reprint the Jarvie, Hofstadter, and Harré works. In addition, the following hold- ers graciously granted copyright permissions as follows: Briskman’s work originally appeared as “Creative Product and Cre- ative Process in Science and Art,” Inquiry 23 (1980), 83–106. We wish to thank Taylor & Francis (UK) Journals for permission to reprint the work in this volume. Hausman’s work originally appeared as “Criteria of Creativity,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 40 (1979) 237–249. We extend thanks to Blackwell Publishing Company for permission to reprint the work. Koestler’s work originally appeared as “Three Domains of Creativity,” in Challenges of Humanistic Psychology, edited by F. T. Bugental (McGraw Hill, 1967), 30–40. No copyright is currently in force for this work. We express our appreciation to John Polanyi for his permission to reprint Michael Polanyi, “The Creative Imagination,” which originally appeared in Chemical and Engineering News 44 (1966): 85–93. Sparshott’s work originally appeared as, “Every Horse Has a Mouth: A Personal Poetics,” Philosophy and Literature 1 (1977). We thank Johns Hopkins University Press for the permission to reprint the work in this volume. Finally, we could not have produced the volume without the tireless and expert assistance of Elizabeth D. Boepple. The editors and authors are extremely grateful to her.