This page intentionally left blank TheHellenisticWorldfromAlexandertotheRomanConquest TheHellenisticperiod(323–30bc)beganwiththeconsiderableexpansionof theGreekworldthroughtheMacedonianconquestofthePersianempireand endedwithRomebecomingthepredominantpoliticalforceinthatworld. ThisnewandenlargededitionofMichelAustin’sseminalworkprovidesa panoramicviewofthisworldthroughthemediumofancientsources.Itnow comprisesoverthreehundredtextsfromliterary,epigraphicandpapyrological sourceswhicharepresentedinoriginaltranslationsandsupportedby introductorysections,detailednotesandreferences,chronologicaltables, maps,illustrationsofcoins,andafullanalyticalindex.Thefirsteditionhas wonwidespreadadmirationsinceitspublicationin1981.Updatedand expandedwithreferencetothemostrecentscholarshiponthesubject,this neweditionwillproveinvaluableforthestudyofaperiodwhichhasreceived increasingrecognition. michel austin isHonorarySeniorLecturerinAncientHistoryatthe UniversityofStAndrews.HispreviouspublicationsincludeEconomicand SocialHistoryofAncientGreece.AnIntroduction(1977).Heistheauthorof numerousarticlesandwasacontributortotheCambridgeAncientHistory, vol.VI(2ndedition,1994). The Hellenistic World From Alexander to the Roman Conquest A selection of ancient sources in translation Second augmented edition M. M. AUSTIN HonorarySeniorLecturerinAncientHistory UniversityofStAndrews Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521828604 ©MichelAustin2006 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. 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Contents Listofillustrations xix Listofmaps xxiii Prefacetothesecondedition xxv Listofabbreviations xxvii Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Reign of Alexander (texts 1–25) 18 1 TheParianMarble(264/3):Alexander’sreignandtheageof theSuccessorsto301 19 2 TheoriginsofAlexander’swaronthePersians 23 3 ThebeginningofAlexander’sreignandthesackof Thebes(336/5) 24 4 ThestartoftheexpeditiontoAsia(spring334) 26 5 AlexanderinAsiaMinor,administrationandpolitics(334) 28 6 LetterofAlexandertoChios(332?) 30 7 Alexander’smanifestotoDariusafterIssus(332) 31 8 ThefoundationofAlexandria(332/1) 33 9 Alexander’svisittotheoracleofAmmon(332/1) 35 10 ThedestructionofPersepolisanditspalace(May330) 36 11 ThetriumphoftheMacedonians:acontemporaryAthenian view(summer330) 38 12 Alexander’sattempttointroduceobeisance(‘proskynesis’) athiscourt 40 13 ThemutinyattheHyphasis(326) 43 14 ‘Maladministration’inAlexander’sempire 44 15 CleomenesofNaucratis 45 16 Harpalus 46 17 ThemarriagesatSusaandAlexander’sgenerosities(324) 47 18 ThemutinyatOpisandthefeastofreconciliation(324) 50 v Contents 19 Alexander’sdecreeonthereturnofGreekexiles(324) 53 20 ArrianonAlexander’sultimateaims 54 21 Alexander’s‘lastplans’ 55 22 AlexanderthebringerofGreekcivilisationtoAsia? 57 23 Alexanderandthepiratecaptain 59 24 AJewishviewoftheMacedonianconquest 59 25 TheendofPersiaandtheriseofMacedon:a contemporaryview 60 Chapter 2: The Age of the Successors (texts 26–59) 62 26 ThearrangementsatBabylonafterthedeathofAlexander (June323) 63 27 TherevoltoftheGreeksinBactria(323) 65 28 TheLamianWarof323/2:AthensunderMacedonian domination 67 29 PtolemyIandCyrene(322/1) 69 30 ThesettlementatTriparadisus(summer321) 71 31 ThedeathofAntipateranditsconsequences (autumn319) 72 32 AthenshonoursEuphronofSicyon(318/17) 74 33 Agathocles,rulerofSicily(316–289) 76 34 ThearmiesofEumenesandAntigonusatthebattleof Paraetacene(autumn317) 78 35 AntigonusdenouncesCassanderandproclaimsthe‘freedom oftheGreeks’(315) 80 36 SeleucusreturnstoBabylon(312) 82 37 Thepeaceof311andtheendoftheArgeaddynasty 83 38 LetterofAntigonustoScepsisintheTroad(311) 84 39 ScepsisdecreesreligioushonourstoAntigonusonreceiptof hisletter(311) 86 40 TreatybetweenEupolemusandTheangelaonits capitulation(c.310?) 88 41 TheexpeditionofOphellastoCarthage(309) 89 42 DemetriusandtheliberationofAthens(307) 91 43 The‘ithyphallichymn’inhonourofDemetrius(291) 93 44 TheSuccessorsassumetheroyaltitle(306–304) 94 45 TheideologyofHellenisticmonarchy 96 vi Contents 46 ThedoctrinesofEuhemerusofMesseneonthegods androyalty 96 47 DemetriusandthesiegeofRhodes(305/4) 98 48 TwolettersofAntigonustoTeosconcerningtheprojected synoecismwithLebedus(c.303) 99 49 DemetriusandtherefoundingofSicyon(302) 105 50 TheHellenicleagueof302 105 51 DecreeofMiletusinhonourofApama(299/8) 108 52 DemetriusandtheMacedonians 109 53 LetterofLysimachustoSamosconcerningaboundarydispute withPriene(283/2) 110 54 DecreeofAthensinhonourofthepoetPhilippides(283/2) 112 55 DecreeofAthensinhonourofCalliasofSphettus(270/69) 114 56 ThecareerofLysimachus 117 57 SeleucusandthefoundationoftheSeleucidempire 119 58 ThefoundationsofSeleucusI 123 59 Pyrrhus,kingofEpirus 125 Chapter 3: Macedon and the Greek mainland to the Roman conquest (texts 60–100) 128 60 ThanksgivingofCosfortherepulseoftheCelticinvadersand thesavingofDelphi(April–July278) 129 61 DecreeofChremonidesonthealliancebetweenAthensand Sparta(between268and265) 130 62 DecreeoftheAtticdemeofRhamnusinhonourofthe generalEpicharesforservicesduringtheChremonideanWar 133 63 DecreeoftheLeague(koinon)ofGreeksatPlataeainhonour ofGlauconsonofEteocles,ofAthens(between261and246) 135 64 DecreeofChiosinhonouroftheAetolians(247/6?) 136 65 DecreeofPhilippirecognisingtheasyliaofCos(242) 138 66 LetterofZiaelaskingoftheBithyniansrecognisingtheasylia ofCos(242) 140 67 TheriseoftheAchaeanLeague 141 68 DecreeoftheAchaeanLeagueontheadmissionof(Arcadian) OrchomenustotheAchaeanLeague(c.234) 145 69 AgisIVofSparta(c.263–241) 146 70 CleomenesIIIofSparta(c.260–219) 148 vii Contents 71 AratusofSicyonturnstoAntigonusDosontosavethe AchaeanLeaguefromCleomenes(227–224) 151 72 TheHellenicLeaguevotesforwaragainsttheAetolians(220) 152 73 ThePeaceofNaupactus(217) 154 74 AthenshonoursEurycleidesforservicesperformed(c.215) 156 75 TwolettersofPhilipVtoLarisainThessalyfollowedbytwo decreesofthecity(217and215) 157 76 TreatybetweenHannibalandPhilipV(215) 159 77 AlliancebetweenRomeandtheAetolianLeague(212or211) 161 78 ConflictingviewsofMacedon’srelationswiththe Greekworld(210) 163 79 Nabis,tyrant/kingofSparta(207–192) 165 80 ThePeaceofPhoenicebetweenRomeandPhilipV (summer205) 166 81 PhilipVandthesiegeofAbydus(200) 167 82 TheAthenianscancelhonourspreviouslyvotedto PhilipV(201/199) 169 83 ThestrengthsandweaknessesoftheMacedonian phalanx(197) 170 84 TheRomansettlementofGreeceafterthedefeatof PhilipV(196) 172 85 AetoliannegotiationswiththeRomancommander(191) 174 86 TheSenate’speacetermsforAetolia(189) 176 87 TheAchaeansabolishSparta’s‘Lycurgan’constitution(188) 177 88 DecreeoftheAmphictyonicCouncilinhonourofa Thessalian(184–3) 178 89 Philip’smeasurestorebuildMacedon(from185) 179 90 RegulationsonmilitarydisciplineintheMacedonianarmy (reignofPhilipV) 180 91 EmbassyfromLyciatoRome(178) 182 92 ThemoodintheGreekworldontheeveoftheThird MacedonianWar(171) 183 93 Letter(?)oftheRomanstotheDelphicAmphictyony, recountinggrievancesagainstPerseus(171–170?) 185 94 Perseus’forcesin171 186 95 DecreeoftheSenateconcerningThisbaeinBoeotia(170) 187 96 TheRomansettlementandpartitionofMacedon(167) 189 97 KingPrusiasofBithyniaandtheSenate(167/6) 192 viii
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