The Handbook Of Peer Production

451 Pages·2021·4.049 MB·English

by  Mathieu O’Neil, Christian Pentzold, Sophie Toupin

The Handbook of Peer Production
Handbooks in Communication and Media
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The Handbook of Peer Production, edited by Mathieu O’Neil, Christian Pentzold, and Sophie Toupin
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The Handbook of Peer Production
Edited by
Mathieu O’Neil
Christian Pentzold
Sophie Toupin
This edition first published 2021
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: O’Neil, Mathieu, editor. | Pentzold, Christian, editor. |
Toupin, Sophie, editor.
Title: The handbook of peer production / edited by Mathieu O’Neil,
University of Canberra, Christian Pentzold, Leipzig University,
Sophie Toupin, McGill University.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021. | Series:
Handbooks in communication and media | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020025498 (print) | LCCN 2020025499 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119537106 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119537144 (paperback) | ISBN
9781119537113 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119537090 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Open source software. | Computer file sharing. | Shareware
(Computer software) | Information commons.
Classification: LCC QA76.76.O62 H36 2021 (print) | LCC QA76.76.O62
(ebook) | DDC 005.3–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025498
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025499
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © LaylaBird/Getty Images
Set in 9.5/11.5pt Galliard by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Notes on Contributors xiii
Preface xxi
Chapter Summaries xxiii
Part I Introduction 1
1 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons,
Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms 3
Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold
Part II Concepts: Explaining Peer Production 19
2 Grammar of Peer Production 21
Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens
3 Political Economy of Peer Production 33
Benjamin J. Birkinbine
4 Social Norms and Rules in Peer Production 44
Christian Pentzold
5 Cultures of Peer Production 56
Michael Stevenson
6 Commons‐Based Peer Production and Virtue (reprint) 70
Yochai Benkler and Helen Nissenbaum
Part III Conditions: Enabling Peer Production 87
7 Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production 89
George Dafermos
8 Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy 101
Margie Borschke
9 Open Licensing Peer Production 109
Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay
vi Contents
10 User Motivations in Peer Production 123
Sebastian Spaeth and Sven Niederhöfer
11 Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Comparative
Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve 137
Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller, and Siobhán O’Mahony
Part IV Cases: Realizing Peer Production 153
12 Free and Open Source Software 155
Stéphane Couture
13 Wikipedia and Wikis 169
Jutta Haider and Olof Sundin
14 Participatory Cartography: Drones, Countermapping, and Technological Power 185
Adam Fish
15 P2P Learning 197
Panayotis Antoniadis and Alekos Pantazis
16 Biohacking 211
Morgan Meyer
17 Makers 225
Yana Boeva and Peter Troxler
18 Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees 238
Pablo Velasco González and Nathaniel Tkacz
19 Community Wireless Networks 254
Gwen Shaffer
20 Commoning the Urban 268
Nicholas Anastasopoulos
Part V Conflicts: Peer Production and the World 283
21 Peer Production and Social Change 285
Mathieu O’Neil and Sébastien Broca
22 Peer Production and Collective Action 299
Stefania Milan
23 Feminist Peer Production 311
Sophie Toupin
24 Postcolonial Peer Production 322
Maitrayee Deka
25 Gaps in Peer Design 334
Francesca Musiani
26 Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension,
Post‐Automation, or Liberation? 347
Kat Braybrooke and Adrian Smith
27 Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State 359
Alex Pazaitis and Wolfgang Drechsler
Contents vii
Part VI Conversions: Advancing Peer Production 371
28 Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom, Mariam
Mecky, Ory Okolloh, Abraham Taherivand, and Stefano Zacchiroli 373
29 What’s Next? Peer Production Studies? 388
Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold
30 Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons 397
Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold
Index 409
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Five of the longest‐running and better‐known commons‐based peer
production ecosystems. 27
Figure 2.2 Three emerging commons‐based peer production ecosystems. 27
Figure 2.3 The ecosystem of a single commons‐based peer production initiative. 28
Figure 3.1 The Circuit of the Commons. 40
Figure 11.1 Modes of collective production. 145
Figure 12.1 Source code. 157
Figure 12.2 Bottom‐up innovation in free software development (Cardon, 2005). 160
Figure 13.1 Articles in World of Science database 1994–2018 with wiki* in the
article title. 170
Figure 15.1 P2P University community forum <p2pu.org> stresses the duality
between teaching and learning, “we are all teachers and learners”
(accessed: 3 March, 2020). 200
Figure 15.2 The Openki.net home page in the Zurich region, encouraging the visitors
to think “what do I [really] want to learn?” (accessed, 3 March, 2020). 200
Figure 15.3 A moment at the Tzoumakers.gr makerspace depicting the friendly
relationship between local experts and community members toward building
common experiences and exchanging knowledge. 202
Figure 15.4 The entrance of L200 at Langstrasse 200, Zurich, which stresses the
multiple potential uses of the space. 203
Vignette 16.1 Exhibitions featuring DIY biology. 216
Figure 16.1 The European DIYbio code of ethics, drafted in 2011 in London. 220
Figure 18.1 Google Ngram query for “p2p,” “peer to peer,” and “peer production.” 239
Figure 20.1 A daily tradition of people engaging in dialogue that takes place in a
shallow crater‐like circle. El Ejido Park, Quito. 2014. 271
Figure 20.2 Mobilization of people in the making of Navarinou Park. Athens, 2009. 273
Figure 20.3 Le PaPoMo (Parlement Populaire Mobile): Creation of a mobile parliament
by Collectif ETC for public spaces, that local communities and associations
can borrow in order to organize pirate events or symposiums. Marseille,
France 2015. 276
x List of Figures
Figure 20.4 Paying a visit at the Atucucho neighborhood, Quito, Ecuador, and Al Borde
architects collective’s intervention in the creation of a communal space with
discarded concrete test tubes. August, 2015. 277
Figure 25.1 Screen shot of Faroo’s control panel, allowing users to monitor and
supervise their contributions to the distributed search engine. 337
Figure 29.1 Peer production studies nodes – activist sector, minimum indegree 5. 393