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The Handbook Of Peer Production PDF

451 Pages·2021·4.049 MB·English
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The Handbook of Peer Production Handbooks in Communication and Media This series provides theoretically ambitious but accessible volumes devoted to the major fields and subfields within communication and media studies. Each volume provides experienced scholars and teachers with a convenient and comprehensive overview of the latest trends and critical directions, while grounding and orientating students with a broad range of specially commissioned chapters. The Handbook of Children, Media, and Development, edited by Sandra L. Calvert and Barbara J. Wilson The Handbook of Crisis Communication, edited by W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay The Handbook of Internet Studies, edited by Mia Consalvo and Charles Ess The Handbook of Rhetoric and Public Address, edited by Shawn J. Parry‐Giles and J. Michael Hogan The Handbook of Critical Intercultural Communication, edited by Thomas K. Nakayama and Rona Tamiko Halualani The Handbook of Global Communication and Media Ethics, edited by Robert S. Fortner and P. Mark Fackler The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Social Responsibility, edited by Øyvind Ihlen, Jennifer Bartlett and Steve May The Handbook of Gender, Sex, and Media, edited by Karen Ross The Handbook of Global Health Communication, edited by Rafael Obregon and Silvio Waisbord The Handbook of Global Media Research, edited by Ingrid Volkmer The Handbook of Global Online Journalism, edited by Eugenia Siapera and Andreas Veglis The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Reputation, edited by Craig E. Carroll The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory, edited by Robert S. Fortner and P. Mark Fackler The Handbook of International Advertising Research, edited by Hong Cheng The Handbook of Psychology of Communication Technology, edited by S. Shyam Sundar The Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research, edited by Andreas Schwarz, Matthew W. Seeger, and Claudia Auer The Handbook of Peer Production, edited by Mathieu O’Neil, Christian Pentzold, and Sophie Toupin Forthcoming The Handbook of Strategic Communication, edited by Carl Botan The Handbook of Public Relations Theory and Methods, edited by W. Timothy Coombs, Sherry J. Holladay and Melissa Dodd The Handbook of Peer Production Edited by Mathieu O’Neil Christian Pentzold Sophie Toupin This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Mathieu O’Neil, Christian Pentzold, and Sophie Toupin to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Editorial Office 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: O’Neil, Mathieu, editor. | Pentzold, Christian, editor. | Toupin, Sophie, editor. Title: The handbook of peer production / edited by Mathieu O’Neil, University of Canberra, Christian Pentzold, Leipzig University, Sophie Toupin, McGill University. Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021. | Series: Handbooks in communication and media | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020025498 (print) | LCCN 2020025499 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119537106 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119537144 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119537113 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119537090 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Open source software. | Computer file sharing. | Shareware (Computer software) | Information commons. Classification: LCC QA76.76.O62 H36 2021 (print) | LCC QA76.76.O62 (ebook) | DDC 005.3–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025498 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025499 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: © LaylaBird/Getty Images Set in 9.5/11.5pt Galliard by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Notes on Contributors xiii Preface xxi Chapter Summaries xxiii Part I Introduction 1 1 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms 3 Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold Part II Concepts: Explaining Peer Production 19 2 Grammar of Peer Production 21 Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens 3 Political Economy of Peer Production 33 Benjamin J. Birkinbine 4 Social Norms and Rules in Peer Production 44 Christian Pentzold 5 Cultures of Peer Production 56 Michael Stevenson 6 Commons‐Based Peer Production and Virtue (reprint) 70 Yochai Benkler and Helen Nissenbaum Part III Conditions: Enabling Peer Production 87 7 Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production 89 George Dafermos 8 Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy 101 Margie Borschke 9 Open Licensing Peer Production 109 Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay vi Contents 10 User Motivations in Peer Production 123 Sebastian Spaeth and Sven Niederhöfer 11 Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Comparative Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve 137 Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller, and Siobhán O’Mahony Part IV Cases: Realizing Peer Production 153 12 Free and Open Source Software 155 Stéphane Couture 13 Wikipedia and Wikis 169 Jutta Haider and Olof Sundin 14 Participatory Cartography: Drones, Countermapping, and Technological Power 185 Adam Fish 15 P2P Learning 197 Panayotis Antoniadis and Alekos Pantazis 16 Biohacking 211 Morgan Meyer 17 Makers 225 Yana Boeva and Peter Troxler 18 Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees 238 Pablo Velasco González and Nathaniel Tkacz 19 Community Wireless Networks 254 Gwen Shaffer 20 Commoning the Urban 268 Nicholas Anastasopoulos Part V Conflicts: Peer Production and the World 283 21 Peer Production and Social Change 285 Mathieu O’Neil and Sébastien Broca 22 Peer Production and Collective Action 299 Stefania Milan 23 Feminist Peer Production 311 Sophie Toupin 24 Postcolonial Peer Production 322 Maitrayee Deka 25 Gaps in Peer Design 334 Francesca Musiani 26 Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension, Post‐Automation, or Liberation? 347 Kat Braybrooke and Adrian Smith 27 Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State 359 Alex Pazaitis and Wolfgang Drechsler Contents vii Part VI Conversions: Advancing Peer Production 371 28 Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom, Mariam Mecky, Ory Okolloh, Abraham Taherivand, and Stefano Zacchiroli 373 29 What’s Next? Peer Production Studies? 388 Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold 30 Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons 397 Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold Index 409 List of Figures Figure 2.1 Five of the longest‐running and better‐known commons‐based peer production ecosystems. 27 Figure 2.2 Three emerging commons‐based peer production ecosystems. 27 Figure 2.3 The ecosystem of a single commons‐based peer production initiative. 28 Figure 3.1 The Circuit of the Commons. 40 Figure 11.1 Modes of collective production. 145 Figure 12.1 Source code. 157 Figure 12.2 Bottom‐up innovation in free software development (Cardon, 2005). 160 Figure 13.1 Articles in World of Science database 1994–2018 with wiki* in the article title. 170 Figure 15.1 P2P University community forum <p2pu.org> stresses the duality between teaching and learning, “we are all teachers and learners” (accessed: 3 March, 2020). 200 Figure 15.2 The Openki.net home page in the Zurich region, encouraging the visitors to think “what do I [really] want to learn?” (accessed, 3 March, 2020). 200 Figure 15.3 A moment at the Tzoumakers.gr makerspace depicting the friendly relationship between local experts and community members toward building common experiences and exchanging knowledge. 202 Figure 15.4 The entrance of L200 at Langstrasse 200, Zurich, which stresses the multiple potential uses of the space. 203 Vignette 16.1 Exhibitions featuring DIY biology. 216 Figure 16.1 The European DIYbio code of ethics, drafted in 2011 in London. 220 Figure 18.1 Google Ngram query for “p2p,” “peer to peer,” and “peer production.” 239 Figure 20.1 A daily tradition of people engaging in dialogue that takes place in a shallow crater‐like circle. El Ejido Park, Quito. 2014. 271 Figure 20.2 Mobilization of people in the making of Navarinou Park. Athens, 2009. 273 Figure 20.3 Le PaPoMo (Parlement Populaire Mobile): Creation of a mobile parliament by Collectif ETC for public spaces, that local communities and associations can borrow in order to organize pirate events or symposiums. Marseille, France 2015. 276 x List of Figures Figure 20.4 Paying a visit at the Atucucho neighborhood, Quito, Ecuador, and Al Borde architects collective’s intervention in the creation of a communal space with discarded concrete test tubes. August, 2015. 277 Figure 25.1 Screen shot of Faroo’s control panel, allowing users to monitor and supervise their contributions to the distributed search engine. 337 Figure 29.1 Peer production studies nodes – activist sector, minimum indegree 5. 393

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