The Handbook of Next Generation Emergency Services

275 Pages·2021·21.569 MB·English

by  Barbara Kemp, Bart Lovett

Handbook of Next-Generation
Emergency Services
For a listing of recent titles in the
Artech House Mobile Communications Series,
turn to the back of this book.
Handbook of Next-Generation
Emergency Services
Barbara Kemp
Bart Lovett
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-63081-652-0
Cover design by Mark Bergeron
© 2021 Artech House
685 Canton Street
Norwood, MA 02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part
of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service
marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the
accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded
as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to the 9-1-1 professionals that work tirelessly to save lives and
sacrifice so much in terms of compensation and emotional capital. Their work often
goes unrecognized and unappreciated by the general public. The people who answer
9-1-1 calls are literally the first responders to emergency incidents and almost never
learn the outcome of these incidents or receive accolades for their actions. There
are innumerable professionals that support these first responders both inside public
safety agencies and outside the agencies as vendors and consultants. Without their
collective dedication and keen minds none of it would be possible.

Contents
Acknowledgments xv
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Emergency Services 1
1.1 Emergency Services History 1
1.1.1 Telephone Operators—Pre-1968 2
1.1.2 Basic 9-1-1—1968 4
1.1.3 Enhanced 9-1-1 (E9-1-1)—1970s Forward 6
1.2 NG9-1-1 13
1.3 Summary 16
Selected Bibliography 17
CHAPTER 2
Anatomy of NG9-1-1 19
2.1 Project Scope 19
2.1.1 Project Goals 19
2.1.2 Geography 20
2.1.3 Public Safety Agencies 21
2.1.4 Governance 22
2.1.5 RFP Development 24
2.2 NG9-1-1 Project Management Teams 27
2.2.1 9-1-1 SSP Implementation Team 27
2.2.2 Implementation Timeline. 29
2.2.3 Data Gathering 31
2.2.4 Future State 31
2.2.5 Transition Planning 32
2.3 Application Approval 33
2.4 Summary 33
Selected Bibliography 33
CHAPTER 3
Infrastructure and Database 35
3.1 Overview 35
vii
viii Contents
3.2 ESInet 36
3.2.1 Physical Network 36
3.2.2 Transport Options 38
3.2.3 Diversity and Capacity 39
3.3 Data Centers 39
3.3.1 Data Center Ratings 39
3.4 NGCSs 41
3.4.1 Security 42
3.5 PSAP 49
3.5.1 Workstations 49
3.5.2 i3 PSAP 49
3.5.3 PSAP Timing Source 50
3.5.4 Backup Electrical Power 51
3.5.5 MIS Call Recording 51
3.5.6 Text to 9-1-1 51
3.5.7 TTY/TDD 51
3.5.8 Disaster Recovery and Incident Command 52
3.6 Dispatch 52
3.6.1 CAD 52
3.6.2 Radio and Telecommunications 52
3.7 Database Management and GIS 53
3.7.1 Converting Existing Database/MSAG Records Versus Building
from the Ground Up 53
3.7.2 Steps to Test the Database Prior to NG9-1-1 Cutover 54
3.7.3 LIS/LVF Updates 55
3.8 Power, Grounding, and Environmental Factors 56
3.8.1 Power 56
3.8.2 Grounding 57
3.8.3 Timing and Synchronization 57
3.8.4 Environmental 58
3.9 Engineering and Capacity Considerations 59
3.9.1 ESInet 59
3.9.2 ESInet Capacity from all OSPs 61
3.9.3 PSAPs 61
3.9.4 IP Address Assignment 62
3.9.5 PC Assignment 62
3.9.6 Domain Name System and Server 63
3.10 MIS and Operations 63
3.11 Lessons Learned 63
3.11.1 OSP Carriers Providing Service 63
3.11.2 Public Information 63
3.11.3 Call Transfer Documentation 64
Selected Bibliography 64
Contents ix
CHAPTER 4
Transition to NG9-1-1 65
4.1 Overview 65
4.2 Design Documents 66
4.2.1 Jurisdiction 66
4.2.2 PSAP Identification 66
4.2.3 OSPs and Large Enterprises 68
4.2.4 Communities Served 72
4.2.5 Participating Agencies 72
4.2.6 Adjacent Agencies 72
4.3 Transfers On-net and Off-net 74
4.3.1 PSAP Transfers 75
4.4 Communications Alternatives 76
4.4.1 IP Phones 76
4.4.2 One Button 76
4.4.3 Radio Transfers 77
4.4.4 Satellite Phones 77
4.5 ESInet On-net to Off-net PSAPs 78
4.6 ESInet to ESInets 79
Selected Bibliography 80
CHAPTER 5
Originating Service Providers 81
5.1 OSP Overview 81
5.1.1 Wireline OSPs 81
5.1.2 Wireless OSPs 83
5.1.3 VoIP OSPs 85
5.1.4 OSP Services 86
5.1.5 OSPs Serving an Area 87
5.2 Facilities 90
5.3 Signaling 91
5.3.1 SIP 91
5.3.2 ISDN-PRI 92
5.3.3 SS7 93
5.3.4 MF 95
5.3.5 CAMA 95
5.3.6 e2 Datalink Signaling 95
5.4 Trunking 97
5.5 SLAs 100
5.6 Monitoring 100
5.7 Security 100
5.8 NOC 101
5.9 Reporting 102
5.10 QoS 102