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The Grammar of Interactional Language PDF

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The Grammar of Interactional Language Traditional grammar and current theoretical approaches toward modeling grammatical knowledge ignore language in interaction: that is, words such ashuh,eh,yuporyessssss.Thisgroundbreakingbookaddressesthisgapby providing the first in-depth overview of approaches toward interactional language across different frameworks and linguistic sub-disciplines. Based ontheinsightsthatemerge,aformalframeworkisdevelopedtodiscoverand comparelanguageininteractionacrossdifferentlanguages:theInteractional SpineHypothesis.Twocase-studiesarepresented:confirmationals(suchas ehandhuh)andresponsemarkers(suchasyesandno),bothofwhichshow evidenceforsystematicgrammaticalknowledge.Assumingthatlanguagein interaction is regulated by grammatical knowledge sheds new light on old questions concerning the relation between language and thought and the relation between language and communication. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the relation between language, cognition, and social interaction. martina wiltschko isanICREAResearchProfessorattheUniversitat PompeuFabra,Barcelona. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 The Grammar of Interactional Language Martina Wiltschko ICREA,UniversitatPompeuFabra,Barcelona Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108481823 DOI:10.1017/9781108693707 ©MartinaWiltschko2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-48182-3Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 To all the warriors! Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 Contents ListofFigures pagexi ListofTables xii ListofConversationBoards xiii Acknowledgments xiv ListofAbbreviations xv Prologue xvi 1 InteractionalLanguage 1 1.1 IntroducingInteractionalLanguage 1 1.2 TowardaGrammarofInteractionalLanguage 2 1.3 TheSignificanceofInteractionalLanguage 4 2 TheSyntacticizationofSpeechActs 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 ClassicSpeechActTheory 10 2.2.1 SituatingSpeechActTheory 10 2.2.2 WhatAreSpeechActs? 11 2.3 TheLinguisticPropertiesofSpeechActs 13 2.4 SyntacticizingSpeechActsPartI:TheViewfromGenerativeSemantics 16 2.4.1 HowtoEncodeMeaninginSyntax 17 2.4.2 SyntacticUnderpinningsofthePerformativeHypothesis 19 2.5 TheFateofthePerformativeHypothesis 20 2.5.1 ArgumentsagainstAustin’sPerformativeHypothesis 21 2.5.2 ArgumentsagainsttheEmpiricalEvidence 22 2.5.3 ArgumentsagainsttheSyntacticizationofPragmatics 23 2.6 SyntacticizingSpeechActsPartII:FunctionalArchitecture 24 2.6.1 TheoreticalBackground 25 2.6.2 ADedicatedSpeechActStructure 30 2.6.3 NewTheories,NewProblems 34 2.7 Conclusion 35 3 FromSpeechActstoInteraction 38 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 PhilosophicalUnderpinnings 40 3.2.1 AssumptionsaboutConversations 40 3.2.2 DifferentWaysofDoingThingswithLanguage 42 vii Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 viii Contents 3.3 Dialogue-BasedFrameworks 44 3.3.1 ConversationAnalysis 44 3.3.2 GroundingTheory 48 3.4 FunctionalGrammar-BasedFrameworks 50 3.4.1 SystemicFunctionalLinguistics 51 3.4.2 FunctionalDiscourseGrammar 51 3.4.3 Longacre’sGrammarofDiscourse 53 3.4.4 InteractionalLinguistics 54 3.5 FormalGrammar-BasedFrameworks:TheSemanticAngle 56 3.5.1 FormalSemanticsoftheTruth-ConditionalKind 56 3.5.2 CommonGroundandDynamicSemantics 57 3.5.3 TheQuestionunderDiscussionandBeingInquisitive 58 3.5.4 TowardaFormalSemanticsofDialogue 61 3.5.5 ExpressiveDimensionsandOtherFormsofLanguageUse 62 3.6 FormalGrammar-BasedFrameworks:TheSyntacticAngle 64 3.7 Conclusion 66 4 TheInteractionalSpineHypothesis 72 4.1 ProblemsIWanttoAddress 73 4.1.1 TheEmpiricalProblem:ConfirmationalsandResponse Markers 73 4.1.2 TheAnalyticalProblem:TheNeedforaFramework 75 4.1.3 TheTheoreticalProblem:WhatDoesItAllMean? 75 4.1.4 TheMethodologicalProblem:InteractionalData 76 4.2 TheFramework:TheUniversalSpineHypothesis 77 4.3 WhatIPropose:TheInteractionalSpineHypothesis 80 4.3.1 ExtendingtheUniversalSpinewithInteractional Functions 81 4.3.2 AssumptionsabouttheNormalCourseofthe Conversation 85 4.3.3 Methodology 90 4.3.4 ReportingAcceptabilityJudgments 92 5 InitiatingMoves:ACase-StudyofConfirmationals 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 TheGrammarofInitiatingMoves 94 5.2.1 TheFunctionofConfirmationals 94 5.2.2 ConfirmationalsontheInteractionalSpine 98 5.2.3 TheCoreMeaningofConfirmationals 101 5.2.4 Predictions 102 5.3 TheRoleoftheHostClause:TargetofConfirmation 103 5.3.1 Declaratives 104 5.3.2 Interrogatives 106 5.3.3 Imperatives 109 5.3.4 Exclamatives 112 5.3.5 Summary 116 5.4 TheArticulatedGroundP 118 5.4.1 TheArgumentfromInterpretation 118 5.4.2 TheArgumentfromDifferencesinConfirmationals 120 5.4.3 TheArgumentfromMultipleSentence-FinalParticles 124 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 Contents ix 5.4.4 TheArgumentfromClause-TypeRestriction 126 5.4.5 Summary 127 5.5 ConfirmationalParadigms 128 5.5.1 AParadigmaticContrastBasedOn[+/−coin] 128 5.5.2 TheTimingofGrounding 131 5.5.3 TheGradabilityofBeliefs 135 5.6 ConfirmationalsandTheirKin 137 5.6.1 Narrativevs.ConfirmationalEh 138 5.6.2 WhenAttitudesNeedNotBeConfirmed 139 5.6.3 WhatMakesUsUncertain:TheRoleofEvidence 140 5.7 Conclusion 144 6 ReactingMoves:ACase-StudyofResponseMarkers 147 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 TheGrammarofReactingMoves 150 6.2.1 RespPinInitiationandReaction:SimilaritiesandDifferences 150 6.2.2 TheCoreMeaningofResponseMarkers 153 6.2.3 TheTargetofResponse 154 6.3 AssociatingResponseMarkerswiththeInteractionalSpine 156 6.3.1 Answering:WhenResponseMarkersAssociatewithCP 156 6.3.2 (Dis-)agreement:WhenResponseMarkersAssociatewith Ground P 160 Spkr 6.3.3 Acknowledgment:WhenResponseMarkersAssociatewith Ground P 176 Adr 6.3.4 Responding:WhenResponseMarkersAssociatewithRespP 177 6.4 ReactingwithEmotions 182 6.4.1 ReactionsandEmotions 182 6.4.2 EmotiveContentviaProsodicModification 184 6.4.3 EmotiveContentviaComplexResponseMarkers 193 6.4.4 EmotivityIsNotaSpinalFunction 195 6.5 Conclusion 199 7 TheGrammarofInteractionalLanguage 200 7.1 Introduction 200 7.2 TheSyntacticizationofVerbalInteraction 201 7.2.1 TheInteractionalSpineHypothesis 201 7.2.2 IngredientsoftheInteractionalSpineHypothesis 203 7.3 TowardaFormalTypologyofInteractionalLanguage 205 7.3.1 WhatIsaFormalTypologyofInteractionalLanguage? 205 7.3.2 WhereandHowandWhen 206 7.3.3 MorePredictionsoftheInteractionalSpineHypothesis 210 7.4 ExploringtheCognitiveUnderpinningsoftheGrammarofInteraction 213 7.4.1 EvidenceforCognitiveUnderpinnings 214 7.4.2 DoInteractiveAbilitiesPrecedeLinguisticAbilities? 216 7.4.3 InteractiveAbilitiesAreAlsoLinguisticAbilities:TheBridgeModel 217 7.5 ConclusionsandFurtherQuestions 221 7.5.1 Conclusion 221 7.5.2 Logophoricity 222 7.5.3 Genre,Style,andSubjectivity 223 7.5.4 InformationStructure 225 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707 x Contents 7.5.5 TheRoleofIntonation 226 7.5.6 TheClauseType–SpeechActMapping 226 Epilogue 229 Bibliography 231 Index 261 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Aarhus Universitets Biblioteker, on 28 Jul 2021 at 18:36:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693707

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