The Global Carbon Cycle PDF
Preview The Global Carbon Cycle
the Global Carbon CyCle Archer_FINAL.indd 1 9/2/10 11:40 AM Princeton Primers in Climate David Archer, The Global Carbon Cycle Archer_FINAL.indd 2 9/2/10 11:40 AM The Global Carbon CyCle David Archer Princeton University Press Princeton & Oxford Archer_FINAL.indd 3 9/2/10 11:40 AM copyright © 2010 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire oX20 1tW All rights reserved isBn: 978- 0- 691- 14413- 9 (cloth) isBn: 978-0 - 691- 14414- 6 (pbk) Library of congress control number: 2010933104 British Library cataloging-i n- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Minion Pro This book is printed on recycled paper press.princeton.edu Printed in the United states of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Archer_FINAL.indd 4 9/2/10 11:40 AM Contents List of Boxes vii 1 carbon on earth 1 2 The stable Geologic carbon cycle 21 3 The Unstable ice Age carbon cycle 57 4 The Present and Future carbon cycle—stable or Unstable? 103 5 Methane 141 6 summary 174 Glossary 179 Bibliography 187 Index 203 Archer_FINAL.indd 5 9/2/10 11:40 AM Archer_FINAL.indd 6 9/2/10 11:40 AM boxes 1.1 Units of the carbon cycle 3 1.2 reservoirs of carbon 5 1.3 oxidation and reduction of carbon 8 1.4 Photosynthesis and respiration 11 1.5 Biochemistry 101 14 1.6 origins and inventories of Fossil Fuels 17 2.1 isotopes 33 2.2 The World according to oxygen isotopes 35 2.3 The World according to carbon isotopes 39 2.4 The climate sensitivity Parameter 44 3.1 carbonate system pH chemistry 69 3.2 Biological Pump in the ocean 80 3.3 The caco cycle 91 3 4.1 Human carbon emissions 106 4.2 Air-sea exchange of co Gas 111 2 4.3 Airborne Fraction of a co slug over Geologic 2 time 122 4.4 The carbon cycle orrery 128 4.5 How Much carbon is too Much? 137 5.1 Greenhouse Properties of co and Methane 144 2 5.2 The Kinetics of a transient Gas in the Atmosphere 150 5.3 Methanogenesis chemistry 152 5.4 Methane radical oxidation chemistry 165 Archer_FINAL.indd 7 9/2/10 11:40 AM Archer_FINAL.indd 8 9/2/10 11:40 AM the Global Carbon CyCle Archer_FINAL.indd 9 9/2/10 11:40 AM
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