The Fundamentals of Optimality Theory - UMass Amherst

146 Pages·2002·0.43 MB·English

Chapter 1
(1) A ranking argument
C1 C2
a. L Cand *
Opt
b. Cand *
Comp
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 1
Chapter 1
(2) a. C1 and C2 agree
C1 C2
i. L Cand
Opt
ii. Cand * *
Comp
b. C1 does not distinguish the candidates (both obey it)
C1 C2
i. L Cand
Opt
ii. Cand *
Comp
c. C1 does not distinguish the candidates (both violate it)
C1 C2
i. L Cand *
Opt
ii. Cand * *
Comp
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 2
Chapter 1
(3) Basic OT architecture
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 3
Chapter 1
(4) ALIGN(Cat , Cat , Edge)
1 2
The element standing at the Edge of any Cat also stands at the Edge of
1
some Cat (where Cat and Cat are grammatical or prosodic constituents
2 1 2
and Edge is left or right).
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 4
Chapter 1
(5) A stringency relation
C1 C2
Struc
a
Struc *
b
Struc * *
c
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 5
Chapter 1
(6) A fixed universal hierarchy
C1 >> C2
Struc
a
Struc *
b
Struc *
c
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 6
Chapter 1
(7) Harmonic alignment
Given a binary dimension D with a scale X > Y and another dimension D
1 2
with a scale a > b > … > z, the harmonic alignment of D and D is the
1 2
following pair of harmony scales:
H = X/a ™ X/b ™ … ™ X/z
X
H = Y/z ™ … ™ Y/b ™ Y/a
Y
The constraint alignment is the following pair of constraint hierarchies:
C = *X/z >> … >> *X/b >> *X/a
X
C = *Y/a >> *Y/b >> … >> *Y/z
Y
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 7
Chapter 1
(8) a. Input /pata/ 6 Output pa.ta
/pata/ DEP ONSET Remarks
i. L pa.ta Faithful
ii. a.pa.ta * * Gratuitous epenthesis
iii. §a.pa.ta ** Ever more gratuitous epenthesis
b. Input /apata/ 6 Output apata
/apata/ DEP ONSET Remarks
i. L a.pa.ta * Faithful
ii. §a.pa.ta * Epenthesis
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 8
Chapter 1
(9) Harmonic bounding
The mapping /A/ 6 B harmonically bounds the mapping /A/ 6 C if and only if
the /A/ 6 B mapping incurs a proper subset of the constraint violations
incurred by the /A/ 6 C mapping.
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 9
Chapter 1
(10) Different Ranking: Input /apata/ 6 Output §apata
/apata/ ONSET DEP Remarks
a. L §apata * Epenthesis
b. apata * Faithful
© John J. McCarthy 2002. From A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory, Cambridge University
Press. Reproduction prohibited except in the form of transparencies for classroom use. 10