The EU as a Global Security Actor: A Comprehensive Analysis beyond CFSP and JHA

256 Pages·2013·1.05 MB·English

by  Christian Kaunert

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The EU as a Global
Security Actor
A Comprehensive Analysis Beyond
CFSP and JHA
Christian Kaunert
SeniorLecturerinInternationalRelationsandPolitics,UniversityofDundee,and
MarieCurieSeniorResearchFellow,EuropeanUniversityInstitute,Florence,Italy
and
Kamil Zwolski
LecturerinGlobalPoliticsandPolicy,UniversityofSouthampton,UK
©ChristianKaunertandKamilZwolski2013
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Firstpublished2013by
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Contents
ListofIllustrations vi
Preface vii
Acknowledgements viii
ListofAbbreviations ix
Introduction 1
1 TheEUasaComprehensiveSecurityActor:Towards
aTheoreticalFramework 19
2 TheHistoricalEvolutionoftheCFSPandJHA 50
3 TheEUandClimateSecurity 68
4 TheEUandCounter-Terrorism 88
5 TheEUandRefugees 116
6 TheEUandNon-proliferation:TheCaseofRussia 144
7 TheEUandSomaliPiracy 167
Conclusion 192
Notes 210
Bibliography 211
Index 240
v
Illustrations
Figures
1.1 InstrumentsfortheEU’sinternationalsecuritypolicy 45
4.1 September11–TheEUatanormativecrossroad 109
7.1 TheEUasaninternationalsecurityactorinthecase
ofmaritimepiracy:threecategoriesofinstruments 178
Tables
1.1 Theinstrumentsofintegrationandthecriteria
ofactorness 46
6.1 ISTCandSTCUstatisticscoveringtheyears1994–2003 156
7.1 EUcounter-piracyandlong-term,preventiveresources 179
vi
Preface
ThisbookisaboutEuropeansecurity,bothconceptuallyandempirically.
Itisbasedonmanydiscussionsthattheauthorsofthisbookhaveshared
through vivid intellectual exchanges. We are grateful to a great num-
ber of people – family members, friends and colleagues – who have
helped through the various stages of the writing of this book. With-
outtheseveryspecialpeople,thewritingofthisbookwouldhavebeen
impossible.
Thefindingsinthisbookarebasedonresearchgenerouslysupported
byscholarshipsandgrantsreceivedfromnumerousinstitutions,includ-
ing the University of Salford, the University Association for Contem-
poraryEuropeanStudies(UACES),ManchesterMetropolitanUniversity
and Regent’s College London in the United Kingdom. In addition,
Christian Kaunert wishes to thank the University of Salford for its
support, as well as the European Commission for funding his Marie
Curie Intra-European Fellowship (within the Seventh European Com-
munity Framework Programme) at the European University Institute
in Florence, Italy. While writing this book, we also benefited enor-
mously from the comments and insights of numerous experts in the
field. The support and expertise of UACES have also been outstand-
ing. Christian Kaunert would also like to thank the Institut Barcelona
d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI) for its support during his research fel-
lowship while he had the good fortune to be on sabbatical from the
University of Salford in 2010, as well as the Collegio Carlo Alberto in
Turin,Italy,whichsupportedhimin2012.Alloftheseinstitutionshave
supportedusinthisresearchproject.
Moreover,throughouttheentirepublicationprocess,theentireteam
at Palgrave Macmillan provided extremely useful comments and sug-
gestions. The support provided by Amber Stone-Galilee at Palgrave
Macmillanwasexceptionalandverymuchappreciated.Thethoughtful
andexceptionallyusefulcommentsbytheserieseditorsofthePalgrave
Studies in European Union Politics series, Neill Nugent, William
E. Paterson, M. Egeberg, A. Verdun, C. Radaelli, F.Schimmelfennig,
C. Hill, S. Hix, M. Pollack, K. Nicolaidis and Michelle Egan, were very
muchappreciated.Finally,wethanktheanonymousreviewersfortheir
helpfulcommentsandsuggestions.
vii
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge their debt to those many people who
have helped and influenced the approach and findings presented
in this book. Parts of the research presented in this book have
been disseminated in a number of articles, under a licence to pub-
lish agreement without a transfer of copyright, including the fol-
lowing: Zwolski, K. and Kaunert, C. (2011) ‘The EU and Climate
Security: A Case of Successful Norm Entrepreneurship?’, European
Security, 20(1); Kaunert, C. and Zwolski, K. (2012) ‘Somalia versus
Captain “Hook”: Assessing the EU’s Security Actorness in Counter-
ing Piracy off the Horn of Africa’, Cambridge Review of International
Affairs, iFirst, DOI:10.1080/09557571.2012.678295; Kaunert, C. (2007)
‘“Without the Power of Purse or Sword”: The European Arrest War-
rant and the Role of the Commission’, Journal of European Integration,
29(4); Kaunert, C. (2009) ‘Liberty versus Security?: EU Asylum Pol-
icy and the European Commission’, Journal of Contemporary European
Research, 5(2); Kaunert, C. and Léonard, S. (2011) ‘Counter-Terrorism
intheEuropeanNeighbourhoodPolicy’,TerrorismandPoliticalViolence,
23(2); Kaunert, C. and S. Léonard (2012) ‘The Development of the EU
AsylumPolicy:Venue-ShoppinginPerspective’,JournalofEuropeanPub-
licPolicy,iFirst,DOI:10.1080/13501763.2012.677191;Zwolski,K.(2011)
‘The External Dimension of the EU’s Non-proliferation Policy: Over-
comingInter-institutionalCompetition’,EuropeanForeignAffairsReview,
16(3); Zwolski, K. (2011) ‘Unrecognised and Unwelcome? The Role of
theEUinPreventingtheProliferationofCBRNWeapons,Materialsand
Knowledge’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 12(4); Zwolski,
K.(2012)‘TheEUasanInternationalSecurityActorafterLisbon:Finally
aGreenLightforaHolisticApproach?’,CooperationandConflict,47(3);
and Zwolski, K. (2012) ‘The EU and a Holistic Security Approach after
Lisbon: Competing Norms and the Power of the Dominant Discourse’,
JournalofEuropeanPublicPolicy,19(7).
viii
Abbreviations
AFSJ AreaofFreedom,SecurityandJustice
AMISOM AfricanUnionMissioninSomalia
AU AfricanUnion
BMP BestManagementPractices
CAP CommonAgriculturalPolicy
CBRN chemical,biological,radiologicalandnuclear
CEE CentralandEasternEuropean
CEAS CommonEuropeanAsylumSystem
CFSP CommonForeignandSecurityPolicy
CMR CriticalMaritimeRoutes
CPA CotonouPartnershipAgreement
CSDP CommonSecurityandDefencePolicy
CSI ContainerSecurityInitiative
CTF CombinedTaskForce
CTR CooperativeThreatReduction
DG DirectorateGeneral
DGEuropeAid DirectorateGeneralEuropeAidCooperationOffice
DGRelex DirectorateGeneralExternalRelations
EASO EuropeanAsylumSupportOffice
EAW EuropeanArrestWarrant
EC EuropeanCommunity
ECJ EuropeanCourtofJustice
ECSC EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity
EDA EuropeanDefenceAgency
EEAS EuropeanExternalActionService
EEC EuropeanEconomicCommunity
EERA EuropeanEnergyResearchAlliance
EFP Europeanforeignpolicy
EP EuropeanParliament
EPC EuropeanPoliticalCooperation
ERF EuropeanRefugeeFund
ESDP EuropeanSecurityandDefencePolicy
ESS EuropeanSecurityStrategy
EU EuropeanUnion
EUMC EuropeanUnionMilitaryCommittee
ix