The Essential Guide to Framing

121 Pages·2005·16.7 MB·English

by  Editors of JLC the Journal of Light Cons

ete

7 JOISTS
v-TRUSSES
7 WALLS
“\ ¥ AND MORE
Estimating Materials
Contin ear Feet a rat Fest.
a
Wl ncn en

Rod. i

Selecting Lumber

‘Selesting Dirensiane! Lambe.

Selecting Sheathira anc
Sune Panals

SSectng Crgincered Lumb nn

Nails

Holding Power of Nate
Prournatic Nae

Gale Nas nnn
Auninum and Staniess
Nang Rules of Tram

Framing Connectors
Hangers f° Sols Woe Jota...
\Wocd Hoist Hangers 7

Floors:
Dimensional Lumber

Jost Dept. a
Doig Las fer Flor cost.
Joist Spacing an .
Joist Spar Tables...
Framing Petals,

Lod Pats

19
20

20
29
20
2
oa
28

Foote O20 non
Cartier Fens...

Floors:
Subflooring

SUbLOOF SpA mann ene
Fastening Suotloot Pénee on

Floors:
Wood I-Joists

ong end Notehing Heit
let Bearing nmin
Temporary Brae g 101 HO 88 nn
ist Load Patrs

Floor Oparines
Cenilesered Hoste

Floors:
Trusses

Truss Types
Hndling Tasue
Instaling Floor Tus
Brazing Foor Tes05nns nn
Fire Stepping for Foor Tass.

Walls

Stud Spacing

Te Paton

Mouirum Stud Lergthe,

Notching and Boing Suds avd Pia
(Comer Stud

Wa racing

2
26

se
3c

at
a1
31
88
96
96
Headers.
Fe Stopping Dots er Walle

Roofs:
Dimensional Lumber
efter Leads

Common Rafter Spans...
Hi and Waly Raftors ao
Refer Besting
‘Structural Bracing.

Resed Rater Plate oon
lacking for Ed Root.
ret ~
Rood Oper on
Shed Dormers enna

Roofs:

Wood |-Beams
‘Stctursl Ridge Required...
Eaves Comectlans nanan
Beam Ovarhangs sonore
Tenporary Bracing for Beams,

Roots:

Trusses

T8s Types

Handing and Storing Trees.
Bracing Raot Tuseo6.
Fiogyback Tse.

48
48
48
52
52
58
58
38
ST
58

st
22

8

ee

68
68
98
73

Seismic and Wind
Bracing

‘heat Wal

‘nchoving 9 Foundstons
Stach Wall Consens
Roo! Connect

Energy Tight Details
Seal -h0 RM
Parton Chomes.

Sealing ree Ws

Sealing Sentvers

Sealng Saloon Fred Wale
Seating Ping Projection.
Cathecal Celing Options

Steel in Wood Frames
Struc Steal Headers nu
Steclo-Stee! Conneeions

Steakto- Concrete Canestions
Steslo-Weod Comecticns,
Fitch,

‘Span Tables

st Speer ne .
Hse" Spin nn -
Reltar Saans

‘he Fs de Fig
Estimating Materials

Converting Linear Feet Figure 1 Linear Feet to Board-Feet Conversion

‘o Board-Feet | Conersion Factor

Formula method. io Sind board fet, tet aaa

mkipy the ntl length fin) by she | ne 50000

urinal Turnizer theses bythe width] ro 08867

fin ir}, and then divide the toral by | ec

19, Bor example: (1) Soff. Des = (80 2 7.00000

x 2x4) + 12 - $3.3 boardset | sce
Ea

T0000"

Factor method. Akernatively, use the 33593

‘eanserson factors in Figure 1 ry

|=
|
Floors and Ceilings |

ear aomatvemstos of ecuaing Boe

Estimating Number of Jolsts (tee Oeepie Let a= aoe eeeer sae |
Ty calelate the nusnber of joists, ase |_bO*

the fermmulas shown in Figure 2 for the
sprepriats an-ceater spacing,

Lomber lengchs stould be ssuliples of
Estimating Rim Joists the o. spacing. Fur example, use 12s,

164, 20s, ete, foF L6-in. oc. joist spac
ing. Depending om the length of the
building, it may be mote efficient te
count these individually, maxing lumber
lengchs that break evenly om the joi.

Remember to include tint stock in the
total joist count, Rim jot stock i ea
clated as falls

Bunn gune Leseen

Toe Essel eo aniag
2

Estimating Materials

_
| 4
| |
|
|

| |

| To calculate tie,
| sie te 4 es tats nr wee, |
i i t ee |
| ! j io. |
| Leis Ht cua |
er
‘TO — |
err

Estimating Subflooring

“The most accurate metho of eotimar.

ng is 10 graph sealed ines
cover the floor plans in 4x8-ft, incre
ments, Bor a quick alternative, caleu
late as follow

sng subtle

+ Foreach section of subfloor, square
of ary jogs ar eantiieses from the
‘outside perimeter oa che plans to
Farm one large pe-imeter rectangle

+ For sach section, multiply: the
lenyth by the width of the perime-
ter rectangle

The sell Faig

‘+ Divide by 32 (ior 4x8 parels)

RAWA.- Lexoris Wir

Rememberto add couple oFsheets to
the total panel count to accommodate
ccunting ersur and waste, especialy i
there are jogs in the floor alan
Walls

Estimating Plate Stock
(Order yall plates ina quamniy thar’ at
least finur times the total leygth oF the
walls, On walls that ron in the some
rection as the wusses or jolts, an
additional plate is needed foe dryswall
bucking at the ceiling. More will be
needed to cover waste, miscellaneous
backing, and continuous fire blocking,
for walls over 8 high,

For a sal house (ess chan 2,000 99
Fi) with L6-in. oe, Raming, order 1
save foreach in. #, ef wall flaming —
booth inceri and exterior. For a larger
onder 1.25
stuvs tor each lin, & of wall taming,

hhouse framed 16 in, ou.

Estimating Headers
Tn a house with windows under 36 in,
wide, use the flloning shortcuts

For solid-sawn headers:

1) Count the numberof winders anc
doors, cout French: dours or slide
esas 2;

2) Diside by 3 and order char many
1ofooters,

For doubled.2x headers:

1) Coun: the number of windows and

Estimating Materials

loans count French doors or std
crs as 25

21 Multiply by 25

31 Divide by 3 and order that many
Weivorers

For extra lage or extra arcow win-
sfons, calculate heades individually

Estimating Wall Sheathing
For rectangular wall areas:

Wats Agra = ora Wat), Last

Wau BewoHt

SHEATHING (4X8 ANELS} = WALL Ales

1) Muliply the toad length of exteior
‘wall by the wall height to get cou
val areas

2) Sabtrace the areas of major openings
such a8 siders or large windows

31 Divide by 32 (for 4x8 panels

Remember to account for gable-erd

wal,

For regular gables (same piteh both

sides of ridge

Muikiply span by total se, This gives
yan the rotal for to gable-ends

For irregular gables or single gable-
end walls:

1) Nutiply total cun by total rise for
cach gable onl

2) Divide by

‘Th Eze ie Fg
4 | | Estimating Materials

Figure 3, Rater Line Length (L)Ratins

Root COMLL = H/VLL Root COMLL = -H/VIL

Pitch/t2 Ratio Ratio. —=_—Pitchv/12._—Ratlo Ratio
+ 1o0as 44167 a 1s019 4.8638
Tie Leora 197 Buea 15617
219186 1.4240 ‘a i.25¢0 1.8008

Die 0218 1.4265 By a7 1007
810308 1.4961 so 1901748418
Be 1oaiy_1adao Toe ses.
410541 __1.4690 Ti 1.8666 7.8869
aie tone _1.4@at Te 43865) 1.7088
519088 1740 12 1aiaa 1.7921
321000 1.4886 141.8366 1.8998
61.1180 15000 “ie 1687 19437
Tiare 1s144 11.808 ——a.0ete
sagt? 1528 ease —_2saus

1178215462

‘To convert Rafter Run to Line Lengtt:

1} Salar LL ato forgiven slog in rbla

sey aby ai SS
Sry
Tet Rate Lanta rey SA /

11 Nutpy the hanzontal ong ot overhang
bythe same LL rat

2 Addthis ogthang length othe alter LL

tA

‘au siting te Ire ans eal prs, conv theron iin tare] lane esac
Tine gh ee

Steg one Bt oh uo 9 tne rt trina cama rs 18118
fA 1627 8 IE BEI oF 18 'L-SKin Round up to 20 toate

‘Tze Ge Framing
Roots

Estimating Rafter Length

To find the Aull rafter ength, muleply
the correct Inne eng rau in Figure
3 by the horizontal run of the rales
This gives the net rater length, or ine
length, fom top plate to rdge. Then
add for the plumb cue ac the redge and
overhang tw fird the fll rafter lenge.

Estimating Number
of Common Rafters

To eakgulare the namier ef common
tatters, use the formolas provided in
Figuee 2 {page 2} for the approprist=
lon cater spacing.

Remereber to include ridge stock

Estimating Hip and
Valley Rafter Lengths

To caleulate the Jength of each hin
rafier, use the Hip/Valley LL ratio
shin in Figure 3,

Estimating Jack Rattors

Eur a simple hip or valley each pair of
jack rafters is equal in length to one
eommon (one Jong jack + one short
jack = one cumnmen}

Estimating Materials

Estimating Roof Sheathing

ocr Agee PERucrEn Ws
S IRAFTER LINE LaNGrE

1) Add oseraag distance 0 exterior
swell eng

2) Multiply the eotal lenge of the
perimeter (wal. length » overnang)
by the safle line length (Figure 3)
fo get tna) roo! area (om gable
rools, don’t include the gable-end
wall in che toca lengths,

5) Divide by 82 iin 448 prac),

Calculate roof of diferent pitehes
indivcally

Remember to add a couple of sheets
the tol to sceaunt for eon ad
waste,

‘TEs aio Fig
Selecting Lumber

Selecting Dimensional Lumber Tis-Fie (Canssian}, Douglas Fie

Larch, Heavkir, and Sothern Pine
Dimensional lumber i diferemtated Cypieally pressure treated). Each
by several species groups, The main

api ro wb Wine
spevies groups in the US. are Spruce= GF grades, bur unless otherwise

Figure 4. Strength of Woed
Design Values'’ for 2x8 (Nominal) Lumber
Extrome Fiber Stress Modulus of
Species Group Grade in Bending (Fb) Elasticity (&"
| Dent Solect Strength 1.620 18
No. 1/No.2 1.020 18
NoS 570 14
SPF Select Streneth 1.500 15
No. No.2 4,050 14
No 509 12 _
Hem-Fir ‘Select Strength 7.860 17
No. 4/ No. 2 4.200 16
| Nod 309 14
oo ‘Select Swength 2.300 18
Not - 1,600 i
No 4.900 16
No. 809 14

iin ci hn ait baa vl line Barker Aci

Grose soma’ gala ees pane wo ew fose wow be oe ges onthe
Saat Stet lios ung Soegerenar tess Meanaeteates eset
irthactn won ated pepoten heal cl ee acne esata whee fics

ho Eze Oe aig
Selecting Lumber

Figure 5, Predicted Shrinkage of Dimension Lumber

| won Wome eos

oe Se

si 36"
Ta

eu Bine a

Tg ote

Fring nko hers pari sess ths sink
Speinmendn nee nsonbeent Ack seape es

speilicd, most fiaming lunber is 2, uP about 19%, Auythiag layer Uta a
Lower grades may be allowed lorstuds 6x6 is generally not availible K-D,
{Smid-Grade} and top plates (Unity

Th a completed building, Gaming
os) P e =

eventually dries to an average of 63 to
Stength values for these and other 11% moisture content, depending on
Nomth American species and species climate. This drying causas the Tamer
‘groups are shown in Fignee 4. For co shrink across che grain: sarinkage
convenience, che span tables in this along che grain is negligible. Figure 5
book (pages 94117) are Rated by shows the ceyree 0° shrinkage #9 Nat
spscies group. Tf species ar group's sawn flaming lumber. Shrinkage in
not listed in the chars, use the spars lange carrying beams ean cause one
fosa species or group with che same or part of a house to settle more than
higher Bb wsluc thers, causing, drywall cracks and
other problems (Figure 6).

Shrinkage However, using flush beams with
Kihidried lusubey is stamped K-D hangers, or enginzered lumber or
(lndried) or S$ Dry (surface ory}, steel, cam reduce the potential for
and i shipped! with « moisture comtert shrinkage problems. If dimensional

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