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The End of the Ancient World PDF

498 Pages·2013·16.918 MB·English
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THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION THE END OF THE ANCIENT WORLD THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION General Editor C. K. Ogden The History of Civilization is a landmark in early twentieth Century publishing. The aim of the general editor, C. K. Ogden, was to “summarise in one comprehensive synthesis the most recent findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, sociologists and all conscientious students of civilization.” The History, which includes titles in the French series L’Evolution de I’Humanite, was published at a formative time in the development of the social sciences, and during a period of significant historical discoveries. A list of the titles in the series can be found at the end of this book. PLATE I Constantinople THE TWO CAPITALS Ivory in the Vienna Museum [front Is! 1=1 I 1 1 11 THE END OF THE 1 1 ANCIENT WORLD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Ferdinand Lot 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I l Translated by 1 Philip Leon & Mariette Leon 1 1 l I 1 1 1 1 ^•^Fratvc^ 1 ! i 1 0 0 First published in 1931 by Routledge, Trench, Trubner Reprinted 1996, 2000 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN & 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 Transferred to Digital Printing 2008 © 1996 Routledge Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or utilized in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Cataloguing in Publication Data ISBN: 0-415-15600-9 ISBN European Civilization (11 volume set): 0-415-15616-5 ISBN History of Civilization (50 volume set): 0-415-14380-2 ISBN 978-1-13620-233-9 (ebk) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Introduction . . . . . . . 1 Part One THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY AND THE RESTORATION OF THE EMPIRE I. The Political Crisis of the Third Century . . 5 II. The Restoration of the Roman World . . 13 III. The Roman Empire and the Church in the Fourth Century . . . . . . . 28 IV. Economic Retrogression of the Roman World . 55 V. The Constantinian Monarchy, Its Nature. Reforms and Services . . . . . . 86 VI. The Caste System . . . . . . 100 VII. The Large Estate versus The State and the Weak : The Patronage System . . 128 VIII. The Decay and End of Ancient Art . . 135 IX. The Decadence of Literature ; The Disappearance of Ancient Philosophy and Science . . 151 X. The Corruption of Public Spirit . . . 171 Part Two THE DOWNFALL I. Rome and the Barbarians in the Second Half of the Fourth Century (350 to 395) . . 187 II. The Roman Empire in the West from 395 to 476 201 III. The Roman Empire in the East from 395 to 518 216 y vi CONTENTS Part Three AFTER THE DOWNFALL CHAPTER PAGE I. Italy after the Disappearance of the Western Empire from 476 to 526 . . . . 237 II. The Persistence of Roman Political Institutions in the West : The Problem of the Disappear­ ance of the Empire . . . . . 243 III. The Return of the Empire : Justinian and the “ Reconquista ” . . . . . 255 IV. The Failure of Justinian’s Work . . . 267 V. Visigothic Spain . . . . . . . 276 VI. The Lombard State . . . . . . 285 VII. The Papacy and Italy from the Middle of the Sixth to the Middle of the. Eighth Century (5 5 4 -7 5 3 )................................................................... 207 VIII. The Seizure of Gaul by the Franks . . . 310 XI. The Descendants of Clovis . . . . 324 X. The Decay and End of the Merovingians . 337 XI. The Merovingian Monarchy : Institutions . 346 XII. Economic Life . . . . . . . 365 XIII. Intellectual and Artistic Life : Education . 371 XIV. Religious Life . . . . . . . 385 XV. Lay Society . . . . . . . 394 Conclusion . . . . . . 403 Bibliography . . . . . . . 409 Index 437 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE I. The Two Capitals, Rome and Constantinople Frontispiece II. Ivories Representing Stilicho, Serena and their Son Eucher . . . . . facing p. 200 III. Jewels from the Tomb of Child eric . facing p. 201 Left: The King’s Seal and various glass and gold ornaments. Right: Fragments of Sword, Francic battle axe and “ fram£e Map I. The Roman Empire, at the End of the 4th Century 186 II. The Dismemberment of the Roman Empire . . 236 III. Mediterranean World under Justinian . . 268 vii

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