The encyclopedia of vitamins, minerals, and supplements

383 Pages·2004·1.7 MB·English

by  Tova Navarra

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
VITAMINS, MINERALS
AND SUPPLEMENTS
Second Edition

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
VITAMINS, MINERALS
AND SUPPLEMENTS
Second Edition
Tova Navarra, B.A., R.N.
Foreword by
Wendy Shankin-Cohen
The Encyclopedia of Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements, Second Edition
Copyright © 2004 by Tova Navarra
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The encyclopedia of vitamins, minerals, and supplements/Tova Navarra; foreword by Wendy Shankin-
Cohen.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4998-X (hc : alk. paper)
1. Vitamins in human nutrition—Encyclopedias. 2. Minerals in human nutrition—Encyclopedias.
3.Dietary supplements—Encyclopedias. I.
Navarra, Tova.
QP771.E53 2004
612.3′99′03—dc22 2003061662
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses,
associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at
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You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com
Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
To “Vitamin JY”—Julia Yolanda Fleming—my granddaughter,
from your loving Nonni
h

Sickness is felt, but health not at all.
—French proverb
Prevention is better than cure.
—Latin proverb
Better is a dinner of herbs where love is,
than a stalled ox and hatred therewith.
—Proverbs 15:17
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
—17th-century proverb
Der Mensch ist was er isst.
(Man is what he eats.)
—German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach
“A loaf of bread,” the Walrus said,
“Is what we chiefly need:
Pepper and vinegar besides
Are very good indeed.”
—Lewis Carroll, from Through the Looking-Glass, And What Alice Found There
“Cravings? Of course you have cravings.
Your body is crying out for the nutrients it lacks!”
—Shoshanna Katzman and Wendy Shankin-Cohen, from Feeling Light

CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Entries A–Z 1
Appendixes 193
Glossary 321
Bibliography 325
Index 331