The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, 3rd Edition (Facts on File Library of Health and Living) PDF
Preview The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, 3rd Edition (Facts on File Library of Health and Living)
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BRAIN AND BRAIN DISORDERS i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd i 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd ii 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BRAIN AND BRAIN DISORDERS Third Edition Carol Turkington and Joseph R. Harris, Ph.D. i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd iii 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, Third Edition Copyright © 2009, 2002 by Carol Turkington All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Turkington, Carol. The Encyclopedia of the brain and brain disorders / Carol Turkington, Joseph R. Harris.—3rd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6395-6 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8160-6395-8 (alk. paper) 1. Brain—Encyclopedias. 2. Brain—Diseases—Encyclopedias. 3. Neurology—Encyclopedias. I. Harris, Joseph, 1951 Dec. 20- II. Title. III. Title: Brain and brain disorders. [DNLM: 1. Brain—Encyclopedias—English. 2. Brain Diseases—Encyclopedias—English. WL 13 T939e 2008] QP376.T87 2008 612.8'203—dc22 2007033543 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fnd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfle.com Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30 percent postconsumer recycled content. CONTENTS Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi EntriesAtoZ 1 Appendixes AppendixI:Self-HelpOrganizations 378 AppendixII:ProfessionalOrganizations 389 AppendixIII:GovernmentalOrganizations 391 AppendixIV:HelpfulWebSites 393 AppendixV:ReadMoreAboutIt 397 AppendixVI:ResearchPeriodicals 399 Glossary 405 References 408 Index 412 i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd vi 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM FOREWORD his book represents an exciting revision of The make the information contained in each entry as TEncyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, Sec- thorough as possible, while making them under- ond Edition. In addition to updating the previous standable to a wide audience. Toward that end, I edition, Facts On File asked Carol Turkington and have shared drafts of this edition with many col- me to update and incorporate the content from leagues as well as with my wife, who is probably our The Encyclopedia of Memory and Memory Disorders the most knowledgeable psychologist in the fi eld into this book. The rapid pace at which researchers of school psychology and early childhood neuro- are advancing our understanding of these subjects psychology that I know. I appreciate their ongoing makes staying current on the state of that knowl- feedback. edge quite challenging. We trust you will fi nd the As you read through the entries in this book, resulting text even more informative, entertaining, note that terms in small capital letters have their and understandable than the previous editions of own entries or a variant of the entry. We have both books. moved references to organizations and Internet We have kept the user-friendly features of the Web sites to appendixes at the back of the book previous editions of The Encyclopedia of the Brain and have included many additional online sources and Brain Disorders and The Encyclopedia of Memory in the reference section. I am a child and adoles- and Memory Disorders that made them popular with cent psychologist and member of the American readers. We have received feedback from school Psychological Association and, as such, I am also a librarians, who tell us that high school students subscriber to an increasing number of professional consult this and other books in the Facts On File publications that have both paper and online edi- Library of Health and Living series for information tions. I fi nd that downloading online versions of for term papers and school reports. College stu- publications enables me to take the information dents (including my son and his friends at Clem- with me anywhere and keeps my bookshelves son University) tell me the books in this series free of old journals that I hesitate to toss. Six years have been helpful in preparing more complex ago, I never thought that I would have my entire reports, research papers, and theses. music library and all 20,000 photographs in my My physician and psychologist colleagues tell collection on an iPod, along with all my home me that they appreciate the availability of such movies and the PowerPoint presentations for all concise, thorough sources of information on some- the courses I teach. times esoteric concepts. I certainly intend to keep a Thank you for using this text. I hope you fi nd copy next to my desk for quick reference. We have it a valuable resource. I am already beginning to gone to great lengths to provide explanations that think about the next edition, which will probably are simple but not simplistic, while thoroughly come out about the same time as the next edition covering topics. Carol and I have attempted to of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental vii i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd vii 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM viii The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders Disorders. Already, there are rumblings about new you found particular entries especially helpful or and revised psychiatric diagnoses. Please feel free confusing, or just to say hello. I look forward to to forward any comments or suggestions to me hearing from you. in care of Facts On File if there is something you would like to see added to the next edition, or if —Joseph R. Harris, Ph.D. i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd viii 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM ACKNOWLEDGMENTS s the coauthor of The Encyclopedia of the Brain life: It has been as if every force of the universe has Aand Brain Disorders, Third Edition, I fi nd myself worked against completion of this book, yet Jane in the same position as the evening news anchor has always told me to breathe and make sure I do who parades in front of the cameras while the not put too much on my plate. She has that rare production team goes unnoticed. It is without talent of editing my copy that forces me to slam false modesty, and with great pride and gratitude, my increasingly warped Chinese serenity balls that I have the privilege of thanking the following against my head and shout, “Why didn’t I write it individuals. that way to begin with?” Mr. Chambers and Ms. Carol Turkington has always spoiled me with Hickok have made the editorial process a pleasure. the works we wrote together, in some of which I look forward to a long relationship with Facts On our names will never appear, over the past 15 File and with them in particular. years. She always worked directly with the pub- My family, friends, and coworkers have invari- lishers and editors, which left me more time for ably given me suggestions, criticisms, and emo- research and relieved me of having to deal with tional support to help keep me moving. My publishers’ editorial staffs. When James Chambers, wife, Elaine, the most gifted school psychologist Facts On File executive editor, asked me to com- and preschool neuropsychologist I know, has plete this revision myself due to Carol Turkington’s been tireless in giving me suggestions and criti- illness, I had some trepidation about working with cisms to improve this book (and myself!). Carol the Facts On File editorial team, whom I did not and I have repeatedly tried to get her to work know. I knew Carol always loved working with with us on our books, but she has left that to FOF, but I feared their staff might not be patient me, probably to avoid showing me up. My son, with someone with a full-time job (two, in fact) Ross, and my (hopefully) daughter-in-law-to-be, and who was recovering from major surgery after Heather Boling, have kept me in touch with the a nearly fatal accident. Mr. Chambers has been undergraduate set, helping me recall that group’s a dream of an executive editor: He has invari- need for quick, to-the-point references for term ably been generous, accessible, and open. He has papers and class projects. My graduate students given me everything I have requested, and I know at Converse College, never shy about giving me from our time working together these past several criticisms, have kept me on my toes: They have months that he would go the extra mile to give given me invaluable feedback on my handouts me anything I need to complete this edition. Jane and PowerPoint presentations, many of which Hickok, project editor, with whom I have worked found their way into this book. My pal Dr. Steph- the most directly, has been incredibly patient with anie Thomas, child and adolescent psychiatrist my fumbling through completion of this book in extraordinaire, who helps me care for the young the midst of the most impossible six months of my people in my charge, has always made the time ix i-xiv-braindisorder_fm.indd ix 12/22/08 12:57:43 PM
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