The Encyclopedia of Arthritis (Facts on File Library of Health and Living)

433 Pages·2010·2.1 MB·English

by  Guy Taylor, C. Michael Stein

The encyclopedia of
arThriTis
second edition
The encyclopedia of
arThriTis
second edition
Guy Taylor, M.d.
c. Michael stein, M.d.
The Encyclopedia of Arthritis, Second Edition
Copyright © 2011, 2004 by C. Michael Stein and Guy Taylor
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Taylor, Guy, M.D.
The encyclopedia of arthritis / Guy Taylor, C. Michael Stein . — 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-7767-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8160-7767-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4381-3305-8 (e-book)
1. Arthritis—Encyclopedias. I. Stein, C. Michael (Charles Michael) II. Title.
RC933.T29 2009
616.7’22003—dc22 2010012573
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Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon
Composition by Hermitage Publishing Services
Cover printed by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Book printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Date printed: October 2010
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
conTenTs
preface vii
introduction ix
entries a to Z 1
appendixes 319
Glossary 367
Bibliography 373
index 383
preface

his book is intended to provide educational described and the monitoring of patients must be
Tinformation to the public about arthritis and performed by their physicians. Readers should use
related illnesses. It is not intended to substitute the knowledge gained to work with their physi-
for any aspect of medical care. The authors have cians to optimize their medical care and should
made every effort to provide information that is not alter their medical care based on information
up-to-date, accurate, and useful. However, the provided in this book.
diagnosis and treatment of the various conditions
vii
inTroducTion
rthritis and related conditions affect millions “biological” treatment, it has extended to include
Aof people and cause pain, disability, and, for noninfammatory diseases such as osteoporosis.
some conditions, increased mortality. Arthritis This revision has been necessary to refect this
is diffcult to understand because there are hun- growing form of therapy. There have also been
dreds of different arthritis-related conditions and new discoveries that have led to drugs being with-
many different treatments for them. It is diffcult drawn and these are discussed.
to obtain accurate, unbiased information because A new section deals with risk factors and
much of the popular literature focuses on miracle preventive measures for specifc diseases. While
cures. This book sets out to provide concise and many autoimmune rheumatic conditions are not
accurate information about a wide range of arthri- preventable to any great extent other than by
tis-related topics and to act as a comprehensive adhering to the old adage to “choose one’s parents
resource for patients with arthritis, their families, carefully,” this section emphasizes such preventive
and anyone interested in understanding musculo- or ameliorating strategies as do exist. Conditions
skeletal illness. are presented alphabetically, but conditions that
The late 1980s and the 1990s were times of cause problems predominantly in one part of the
great excitement in rheumatological research as body are also listed under that body part, e.g., knee
new messengers that directed and controlled the or foot. The authors have endeavored to provide
immune response were discovered. The initial evidence-based information on treatment wher-
discovery of interleukin-1 as a pro-infammatory ever possible. That means that the recommenda-
cytokine that upregulated infammatory mecha- tions have been studied in clinical trials and shown
nisms became a bewildering array of molecules, to be effective. This information is not possible for
each with a range of different actions. For years it all treatments or conditions, and this is discussed
seemed that these discoveries, interesting though where it is pertinent.
they were, did nothing to improve treatment for Small-capital terms for arthritis and related con-
patients suffering from infammatory rheumatic ditions in each section are cross-referenced in the
conditions. The new millennium has changed all main text of entries. Drug names in small-capital
that. Starting with the use of TNF antagonists for letters are further detailed in Appendix I. Finally,
rheumatoid arthritis, researchers have explored terms in small capitals relating to laboratory and
using many protein molecules or “antibodies” diagnostic tests are expanded upon in Appendix
to interfere with very specifc disease processes, II. Occasionally, a reference to Appendix I or to
sometimes with astonishing success. While infam- Appendix II appears following a term in the main
matory diseases remain the main target for this text.
ix