The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition (Electrical Engineering Handbook) PDF
Preview The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition (Electrical Engineering Handbook)
The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series Series Editor Richard C. Dorf University of California, Davis Titles Included in the Series The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mohammad Ilyas The Avionics Handbook, Cary R. Spitzer The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Joseph D. Bronzino The Circuits and Filters Handbook, Second Edition, Wai-Kai Chen The Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry Gibson The Computer Engineering Handbook, Vojin G. Oklobdzija The Control Handbook, William S. Levine The CRC Handbook of Engineering Tables, Richard C. Dorf The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas Williams The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Leo L. Grigsby The Electronics Handbook, Jerry C. Whitaker The Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing, Alexander D. Poularikas The Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, William A. Goddard, III, Donald W. Brenner, Sergey E. Lyshevski, and Gerald J. Iafrate The Handbook of Optical Communication Networks, Mohammad Ilyas and Hussein T. Mouftah The Industrial Electronics Handbook, J. David Irwin The Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, Osita D.I. Nwokah and Yidirim Hurmuzlu The Mechatronics Handbook, Robert H. Bishop The Mobile Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry D. Gibson The Ocean Engineering Handbook, Ferial El-Hawary The RF and Microwave Handbook, Mike Golio The Technology Management Handbook, Richard C. Dorf The Transforms and Applications Handbook, Second Edition, Alexander D. Poularikas The VLSI Handbook, Wai-Kai Chen Forthcoming Titles The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry C. Whitaker Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group THE E L E C T RO N I C S H A N D B O O K SECOND EDITION Editor-in-Chief JERRY C. WHITAKER Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Publishedin2005by CRCPress Taylor&FrancisGroup 6000BrokenSoundParkwayNW BocaRaton,FL33487-2742 ©2005byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC CRCPressisanimprintofTaylor&FrancisGroup NoclaimtooriginalU.S.Governmentworks PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 InternationalStandardBookNumber-10:0-8493-1889-0(Hardcover) InternationalStandardBookNumber-13:978-0-8493-1889-4(Hardcover) LibraryofCongressCardNumber2004057106 Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reprintedmaterialisquotedwith permission,andsourcesareindicated.Awidevarietyofreferencesarelisted.Reasonableeffortshavebeenmadetopublish reliabledataandinformation,buttheauthorandthepublishercannotassumeresponsibilityforthevalidityofallmaterials orfortheconsequencesoftheiruse. Nopartofthisbookmaybereprinted,reproduced,transmitted,orutilizedinanyformbyanyelectronic,mechanical,or othermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopying,microfilming,andrecording,orinanyinformation storageorretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers. Forpermissiontophotocopyorusematerialelectronicallyfromthiswork,pleaseaccesswww.copyright.com(http://www. copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizationsthathavebeengrantedaphotocopylicensebytheCCC,aseparatesystemofpaymenthasbeenarranged. TrademarkNotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentifi- cationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Theelectronicshandbook/editedbyJerryC.Whitaker.—2nded. p. cm.—(Electricalengineeringhandbookseries;v.34) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN 0-8493-1889-0 (alk.paper) 1. Electroniccircuits–Handbooks,manuals,etc.I. Whitaker,JerryC.II. Series. TK7867.E42442005 621.381—dc22 2004057106 Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Dedication ForMarkRicher withthanksfortheopportunitytocontributetoATSC Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Preface ThefirsteditionofTheElectronicsHandbookwaspublishedin1996.Betweenthenandnow,tremendous changeshaveoccurredinelectronicsengineering.Duringthissameperiod,thevalueofTheElectronics Handbookhasbeenrecognizedbythousandsofreadersallovertheworld,forwhichtheeditorandauthors areverygrateful. Thenumerouschangesintechnologyoverthepastfewyearshaveledtothepublicationofasecond editionofTheElectronicsHandbook.Thisneweditionbuildsuponthesolidfoundationoffundamental theoryandpracticalapplicationsoftheoriginalwork.Allchaptershavebeenreviewedandupdatedas needed,andmanynewchaptershavebeenaddedtoexplainnewdevelopmentsinelectronicsengineering. TheElectronicsHandbookisintendedforengineersandtechniciansinvolvedinthedesign,production, installation,operation,andmaintenanceofelectronicdevicesandsystems.Thispublicationcoversabroad range of technologies with emphasis on practical applications. In general, the level of detail provided is limited to that necessary to design electronic systems based on the interconnection of operational elementsanddevices.Referencesareprovidedthroughoutthehandbooktodirectreaderstomoredetailed informationonimportantsubjects. ThepurposeofTheElectronicsHandbookistoprovideinasinglevolumeacomprehensivereference forthepracticingengineerinindustry,government,andacademia.Thebookisdividedinto23chapters thatencompassthefieldofelectronics.Thegoalistoprovidethemostup-to-datereferenceonsubjects rangingfromclassicaldevicesandcircuitstoemergingtechnologiesandapplications. Thefundamentalsofelectronicshaveevolvedtoincludeawiderangeofknowledge,empiricaldata, andabroadrangeofpractice.Thefocusofthishandbookisonthekeyconcepts,models,andequations thatenabletheengineertoanalyze,design,andpredictthebehaviorofcomplexelectricaldevices,circuits, instruments,andsystems.Thereaderwillfindthekeyconceptsofeachsubjectdefined,described,and illustrated;whereappropriate,practicalapplicationsaregivenaswell. Thelevelofconceptualdevelopmentofeachtopicischallenging,buttutorialandrelativelyfundamental. Eachchapteriswrittentoenlightentheexpert,refreshtheknowledgeoftheexperiencedengineer,and educatethenovice. The information contained in this work is organized into 23 chapters, building a foundation from theorytomaterialstocomponentstocircuitstoapplications.TheHandbookconcludeswithimportant chaptersonreliability,safety,andengineeringmanagement. AttheconclusionofmostchaptersoftheHandbookarethreeimportantentriesofparticularinterest toreaders: (cid:1) DefiningTerms,whichidentifieskeytermsapplicabletothefieldandtheirmostcommondefinitions (cid:1) References,whichliststhepapersandotherresourcesusedinthedevelopmentofthechapter (cid:1) FurtherInformation,whichdirectsthereadertoadditionalsourcesofin-depthinformationonthe subjectmatter Thesefeatures,atrademarkoftheCRCPressElectricalEngineeringHandbookSeries,areavaluable aidtobothexperiencedandnoviceengineers. vii Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group In a publication as large as this, locating the information desired in a rapid manner is important. Numerousaidsareprovidedinthisregard.Acompletetableofcontentsisgivenatthebeginningofthe book. In addition, an individual table of contents precedes each of the 23 chapters. A comprehensive subjectindexisalsoprovided. The Electronics Handbook is designed to provide answers to most inquiries and to direct the reader to further sources and references as needed. It is our hope that this publication will continue to serve you—thereader—withimportant,usefulinformationforyearstocome. JerryC.Whitaker Editor-in-Chief viii Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Editor-in-Chief Jerry C. Whitaker is Vice President of Standards Development at the Advanced Television Systems Committee(ATSC).WhitakersupportstheworkofthevariousATSCtechnologyandimplementation committeesandassistsinthedevelopmentofATSCstandards,recommendedpractices,andrelateddoc- uments.TheATSCisaninternational,nonprofitorganizationdevelopingvoluntarystandardsfordigital television. WhitakerisaFellowoftheSocietyofBroadcastEngineersandaFellowoftheSocietyofMotionPicture andTelevisionEngineers.Heisalsotheauthorandeditorofmorethan30booksontechnicaltopics.His currentCRCtitlesinclude: (cid:1) TheRFTransmissionSystemsHandbook (cid:1) TheElectronicSystemsMaintainingHandbook (cid:1) ACPowerSystemsHandbook,2ndedition (cid:1) ThePowerVacuumTubesHandbook WhitakeristheformereditorialdirectorandassociatepublisherofBroadcastEngineeringandVideo Systemsmagazines. ix Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Contributors SamuelO.Agbo TerrenceM.Baun IulianaBordelon CaliforniaPolytechnicState CriterionBroadcastServices CALCEElectronicPackaging University Milwaukee,Wisconsin ResearchCenter SanLuisObispo,California UniversityofMaryland CollegePark,Maryland MelvinL.Belcher,Jr. OktayAlkin RadarSystemsAnalysis SchoolofEngineering JeromeR.Breitenbach GeorgiaTechResearchInstitute SouthernIllinoisUniversity DepartmentofElectrical Symrna,Georgia Edwardsville,Illinois Engineering CaliforniaPolytechnicState BrentAllen CarlBentz University BellNorthernResearch IntertecPublishing SanLuisObispo,California Ottawa,Canada OverlandPark,Kansas JohnR.Brews WilliamF.Ames DavidF.Besch UniversityofArizona SchoolofMathematics UniversityofthePacific Tucson,Arizona GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology Stockton,California Atlanta,Georgia IsidorBuchmann ConstantineN. AshokaK.S.Bhat CadexElectronics,Inc. Anagnostopoulos DepartmentofElectricaland Richmond,Canada MicroelectronicsTechnical ComputerEngineering Division UniversityofVictoria StuartK.Burgess EastmanKodakCompany Victoria,Canada UniversityofSouthern Rochester,NewYork California LosAngeles,California GlennR.Blackwell PeterAronhime DepartmentofElectricaland DepartmentofElectricaland GeorgeCain ComputerEngineering ComputerEngineering SchoolofMathematics Technology UniversityofLouisville GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology PurdueUniversity Louisville,Kentucky Atlanta,Georgia WestLafayette,Indiana PraveenAsthana PauloCardieri IBMCorporation BruceW.Bomar UniversityofCampinas SanJose,California DepartmentofElectricaland Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil ComputerEngineering FredBaumgartner UniversityofTennesseeSpace CliffordG.Carter TCITechnologyVentures Institute NavalUnderseaWarfareCenter Denver,Colorado Tullahoma,Tennessee Newport,RhodeIsland xi Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group JonathonA.Chambers CharlesH.Cox,III EzzI.El-Masry CardiffSchoolofEngineering ResearchLaboratoryof DepartmentofElectrical CardiffUniversity Electronics Engineering Wales,UnitedKingdom MassachusettsInstituteof TechnicalInstituteofNova Technology Scotia CurtisJ.Chan Cambridge,Massachusetts Halifax,Canada ChanandAssociates GillesA.Daigle YarivEphraim Fullerton,California InstituteforMicrostructural DepartmentofElectricaland Sciences ComputerEngineering KenA.Chauvin Ottawa,Canada GeorgeMasonUniversity CorningCableSystems Fairfax,Virginia Hickory,NorthCarolina EdwardJ.Delp,III ECEDepartment SteveEpstein TomChen PurdueUniversity VideoSystemsMagazine DepartmentofElectrical WestLafayette,Indiana OverlandPark,Kansas Engineering ColoradoStateUniversity KennethR.Demarest EugeneD.Fabricius FortCollins,Colorado UniversityofKansas EL/EEDepartment Lawrence,Kansas CaliforniaPolytechnicState JohnChoma,Jr. University GeneDeSantis UniversityofSouthern SanLuisObispo,California DeSantisAssociates California NewMilford,NewJersey SanDimas,California AnthonyJ.Ferraro WilliamE.DeWitt DepartmentofElectrical BadrulH.Chowdhury SchoolofTechnology Engineering DepartmentofElectrical PurdueUniversity PennsylvaniaStateUniversity Engineering WestLafayette,Indiana UniversityPark,Pennsylvania UniversityofWyoming Laramie,Wyoming DanielF.DiFonzo CliffordD.Ferris PlanarCommunications UniversityofWyoming MichaelD.Ciletti Corporation Laramie,Wyoming UniversityofColorado Rockville,Maryland ColoradoSprings,Colorado RobertJ.Feugate,Jr. DennisF.Doelitzsch CollegeofEngineeringand AlmonH.Clegg 3-DCommunications Technology CCi Corporation UniversityofArizona Cumming,Georgia Marion,Illinois Flagstaff,Arizona GeorgeI.Cohn BarryG.Douglass IgorM.Filanovsky CaliforniaStateUniversity DepartmentofElectrical DepartmentofElectricaland Flintridge,California Engineering ComputerEngineering TexasA&MUniversity UniversityofAlberta JamesG.Cottle CollegeStation,Texas Edmonton,Canada Hewlett-Packard SanFrancisco,California ThomasF.Edgar PaulD.Franzon DepartmentofChemical DepartmentofElectricaland LeonW.Couch,II Engineering ComputerEngineering UniversityofFlorida UniversityofTexas NorthCarolinaStateUniversity Gainesville,Florida Austin,Texas Raleigh,NorthCarolina xii Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
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