THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Edited by BERTHA MADRAS AND MICHAEL KUHAR Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London New York • Oxford • Paris • San Diego San Francisco • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2014 © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/ permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, indepen- dent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The effects of drug abuse on the human nervous system / edited by Bertha Madras, Michael Kuhar. -- First edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-12-418679-8 I. Madras, Bertha, editor of compilation. II. Kuhar, Michael J., editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Substance-Related Disorders--physiopathology. 2. Nervous System--drug effects. 3. Risk Factors. 4. Substance-Related Disorders--epidemiology. WM 270] RC564 362.29--dc23 2013039438 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-418679-8 The charcoal drawing on the cover is by Vivian Felsen and is from the collection of Bertha Madras. For information on all Academic Press publications visit our web site at store.elsevier.com Printed and bound in USA 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Peter H. Addy Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT Scott Bowen Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Kathleen T. Brady Mental Health Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA James Robert Brašić Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Baltimore, MD, USA Andreas Büttner Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Ryan HA. Chan Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, CA, USA Domenic A. Ciraulo Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Wilson M. Compton Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA Caryne P. Craige Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Silvia L. Cruz Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Mexico, Federal District, Mexico Tomas Drgon Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIH-IRP (NIDA), Baltimore, MD, USA Deepak Cyril D’Souza Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT Nicole M. Enman Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA xi