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The Development of Grammar in Spanish and The Romance Languages PDF

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The Development of Grammar in Spanish and the Romance Languages Eduardo D. Faingold The Development of Grammar in Spanish and the Romance Languages The Development of Grammar in Spanish and the Romance Languages Eduardo D. Faingold University of Tulsa © Eduardo D. Faingold 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-1-4039-0052-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication maybe liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, DesignsandPatents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Unionand other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-50735-1 ISBN 978-0-230-00621-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230006218 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Faingold, Eduardo D. The development of grammar in Spanish and the Romance languages/ Eduardo D. Faingold. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–0052–3 1. Language acquisition. 2. Creole dialects. 3. Historical linguistics. 4. Romance languages—Grammar, Historical. I. Title. P118.F354 2003 401′.93—dc21 2003040544 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 Magistro meo Carolo Iacobo hunc librum dono Contents List of Figure and Tables ix Acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Theoretical background and assumptions 1 1.2 Aims of the book 2 1.3 Research procedures 3 1.4 A model of markedness 3 1.5 Outline for the book 8 2 Articles: A Result of Natural Morphological Processes inFirstLanguage Acquisition, Creolization, and Language History 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Sources of data 16 2.3 The acquisition, creolization, and history of the article system 18 2.4 The natural development of the article system 31 2.5 Summary and conclusions 37 3 Demonstrative Pronouns: A Source of Definite ArticlesinHistory 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The data: from classical Latin to the Romance languages 40 3.3 Demonstratives and indefinite articles in Latin and the Romance languages 41 3.4 The grammaticalization of the definite article from Latin 48 3.5 Summary and conclusions 52 4 Prepositions and Adverbs: Similar Development PatternsinFirstand Second Language Acquisition 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Applying a developmental model of markedness 54 vii viii Contents 4.3 Sources of data 57 4.4 Spatial prepositions and temporal adverbs in first and second language acquisition 59 4.5 Spatial prepositions and temporal adverbs in developmental morphology 66 4.6 Summary and conclusions 68 5 Subjunctive Verbs: A Result of Natural Grammatical Processes in First Language Acquisition, Second Language Learning, Language Variation, and Language History 70 5.1 Introduction 70 5.2 Applying the developmental model of markedness 70 5.3 Sources of data 71 5.4 The acquisition, learning, variation, and history of mood 72 5.5 The development of mood 84 5.6 Summary and conclusions 90 6 The Mental Representation of Linguistic Markedness: Cognitive Aspects of the Spanish Subjunctive 91 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 The Spanish present and past subjunctive: cognitive aspects of markedness 95 6.3 The future subjunctive in Spanish: cognitive aspects of markedness 107 6.4 Summary and conclusions 117 7 Summary and Conclusion 119 Appendices 125 References 138 Index 145 List of Figure and Tables Figure 6.1 The future subjunctive in the Argentine Civil Code (before1884) and its Appendix (after 1884) 116 Tables 1.1 A developmental model of markedness 5 2.1 English-based creoles: articles in Hawaiian creole 14 2.2 English-based creoles: articles in Sranan 15 2.3 A developmental typology of linguistic systems 18 2.4 A revised developmental typology of linguistic systems 18 2.5 Errors of segmentation by English-speaking children 20 2.6 Errors of segmentation by Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking children 20 2.7 Speaker-specific and listener-specific errors 21 2.8 English-speaking children aged 3: speaker specific and listener non-specific 22 2.9 French-speaking children aged 3 to 9: speaker specific and listener non-specific 22 2.10 Romance-based creoles 24 2.11 History: articles in the Romance languages 29 2.12 Spanish/Portuguese-based koines: articles in Judeo-Ibero-Romance 30 2.13 Spanish/Portuguese-based fusion: articles in Fronterizo 32 2.14 Fusion in the article system of Fronterizo 32 2.15 The article system in child language, creolization, and language history 33 2.16 A typology of article systems 34 2.17 Hierarchy of markedness for article systems 34 2.18 A hierarchy of article systems 35 2.19 Markedness criteria 35 ix

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