The Development of Children

733 Pages·2012·53.779 MB·English

by  Cynthia Lightfoot, Michael Cole, Sheila R. Cole

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN
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To our families, to whom we owe
a debt of gratitude for our own development.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN
CyNTHIa LIgHTFOOT
Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine
MICHaEL COLE
University of California, San Diego
SHEILa R. COLE
Worth PUBliSherS
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SEVENTH EDITION
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN
CyNTHIa LIgHTFOOT
Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine
MICHaEL COLE
University of California, San Diego
SHEILa R. COLE
Worth PUBliSherS
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Vice President, Editorial and Production: Catherine Woods
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Credit is given to the following sources for permission to use the part- and chapter-opening photos:
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p. 506, Clint Lucas/LPI; p. 550, Tom Cockrem/LPI.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012932234
ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-4328-5
ISBN-10: 1-4292-4328-7
©2013, 2009, 2005 by Cynthia Lightfoot, Michael Cole, Sheila R. Cole
©2001 by Michael Cole and Sheila R. Cole
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
First printing
Worth Publishers
41 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
www.worthpublishers.com
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About the Authors
Cynthia Lightfoot is Professor of Human
Development and acting head of Psychology at
the Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine. Her
published works focus on the sociocultural contexts
of child and adolescent development, most recently
on teen pregnancy, risk-taking, identity development,
and youth culture. Lightfoot currently serves on the
editorial board of Culture and Psychology, and the
executive board of the Jean Piaget Society. She
became interested in developmental psychology
as an undergraduate student, when she worked with emotionally troubled and
autistic children in school settings, and became engaged in research focused
on language development, communication, and culture.
MiChaeL CoLe is an all-University of California
Professor of Psychology, Communication, and
Human Development. His home base is University
of California, San Diego, where he is the
Director of the Laboratory of Comparative Human
Cognition. For many years he spent his afternoons
participating with children and undergraduates
in development-enhancing after-school programs.
He is an editor of the journal Mind, Culture and
Activity. He has published widely on the role
of culture and schooling in development, for which he has been awarded
honorary degrees at Copenhagen University and the University of Helsinki. He
is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National
Academies of Education (of the United States and Russia).
SheiLa CoLe is a former journalist who
specialized in writing about families, children,
development, and education. She also writes
books for children. Her most recent book offers
a history of American childhood and is written
for young people. She has also authored picture
books, historical fiction, and novels for young
adults. She participates in literacy programs for
homeless adolescents.
The Coles have three grandchildren with whom they like to spend their summers.
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Brief Contents
Preface xix
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development 1
Part i In the Beginning
Chapter 2: Biocultural Foundations 49
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth 79
Part ii Infancy
Chapter 4: The First 3 Months 123
Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy 161
Chapter 6: Social and Emotional Development in Infancy 199
Part iii Early Childhood
Chapter 7: Language Acquisition 235
Chapter 8: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood 271
Chapter 9: Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood 305
Chapter 10: Contexts of Development 343
Part iV Middle Childhood
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood 389
Chapter 12: School as a Context for Development 429
Chapter 13: Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood 465
Part V Adolescence
Chapter 14: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence 507
Chapter 15: Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence 551
Appendix A-1
Glossary G-1
References R-1
Name Index NI-1
Subject Index SI-1
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Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................xix
Chapter 1 The Study of Human Development ..................................... 1 Chapter 1 Boxes
Developmental Science ........................................................................................... 2 In the Field: Probing the Mysteries
of Learning 24
Periods of Development 3
Observing the Living Brain 33
Domains of Development 3
Understanding Causes and
Contexts of Development 4
Correlations 36
Children, Society, and Science .............................................................................. 4
Historical Beliefs About Children and Childhood 5
The Emergence of Developmental Science 7
The New Field of Developmental Science 9
The Central Issues of Developmental Science .................................................... 10
Questions About the Sources of Development 10
Questions About Plasticity 10
Questions About Continuity/Discontinuity 12
Questions About Individual Differences 14
Theories of Development ...................................................................................... 15
Theory in Developmental Science 15
Grand Theories 16
Modern Theories 22
Methods for Studying Development .................................................................... 29
The Goals of Developmental Research 29
Criteria for Developmental Research 31
Methods of Data Collection 32
Research Designs 37
Ethical Standards 42
Looking Ahead ...................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 2 Boxes
Summary ................................................................................................................ 44
In the Field: Doctor of the Plain
People 67
Part i In THE BEgInnIng
Chapter 2 Biocultural Foundations ......................................................... 49
Inheriting Culture ................................................................................................... 51
The Tools of Culture 52
Processes of Cultural Inheritance 54
The Complexity of Culture 55
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