The Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems PDF
Preview The Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTACHMENT AND AFFILIATIVE SYSTEMS TOPICS IN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY Series Editor: Robert N. Emde Universily of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, Colorado The Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems Edited by Robert N. Emde and Robert J. Harmon THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTACHMENT AND AFFILIATIVE SYSTEMS Edited by Robert N. Emde and J. Robert Harmon University of Colorado Medical Center Denver, Colorado PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in PublicationData Main entry under title: The Development of attachment and affiliative systems. (Topics in developmental psychobiology) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Parent and child. 2. Infant psychology. 3. Developmental psychobiology. I. Emde, Robert N. II. Harmon, Robert John, 1946. . III. Series. BFnO.P37D33 115.4'22 82-3818 ISBN -13: 978-1-4684-4078-2 e-ISBN -13: 978-1-4684-4076-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4076-8 ©1982 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1982 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors Nicholas Anastasiow • Special Education Program, Hunter College of the City of New York, New York, New York Nancy A. Busch-Rossnagel • Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Perry M. Butterfield • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Joseph J. Campos • Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Den ver, Colorado Thomas Z. Cassel • Plymouth Center for Human Development, Northville, Michigan Patricia F. Chappell • Division of Psychiatry, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts J. P. Connell • Graduate School of Education and Human Development and Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York Linda 5. Crnic • Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Rex E. Culp • Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Robert N. Emde • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado v vi CONTRIBUTORS Mark Frank • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Janet J. Fritz • Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Ann M. Frodi • Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Roch ester, New York Majt Frodi • Department of Psychology, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden Theodore Gaensbauer • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado H. Hill Goldsmith. Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Aus tin, Texas Marshell M. Haith • Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado Robert J. Harmon • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Clare F. Haynes. C. Henry Kempe Center for the Treatment and Preven tion of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1205 Oneida Street, Denver, Colorado Carl-Phillip Hwang • Department of Psychology, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden I. Charles Kaufman. Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California Melvin Konner • 80 Hammond Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts Michael E. Lamb • Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah George A. Morgan. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Sandy Naiman • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado CONTRIBUTORS vii Betty Jean Pannabecker • University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Martin L. Reite • Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Gene P. Sackett. Department of Psychology, Regional Primate Research Center, and Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, Uni versity of Washington, Seattle, Washington Louis W. Sander • Division of Child Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado David W. Shucard • Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Patricia A. Snyder • Division of Psychiatry, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts James F. Sorce • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Jamie Steinberg • School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Marilyn J. Svejda • Parent-child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Katherine Tennes • Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Paola S. Timiras • Department of Physiology-Anatomy, University of Cali fornia, Berkeley, California Annette K. Vance • Department of Human Development and Family Stud ies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Antonia Vernadakis • Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Uni versity of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Ted D. Wade • University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Central Laboratory, Denver, Colorado Preface The "Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems" was selected as the topic for a three-day workshop held at Estes Park, Colorado, in May, 1980. The papers which resulted from this effort not only reflect a recent intensity of research in this area, but also highlight a mounting need for ask ing questions across disciplines and for integrating theories. The sponsor of the workshop was the Developmental Psychobiology Research Group (DPRG) of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Medical School, a group which itself is interdisciplinary and which has met regularly since 1969 to criticize research, ask questions, and discuss findings. In 1974, the Group was awarded an endowment fund by the Grant Foundation after a request for a proposal initiated by Philip Sapir and Douglas Bond. The aims of this fund are to facilitate the research of young investigators, to encourage new research, and to provide seed money for collaborative ventures. Much of what is reported here results from that support. Thus, happily, not only are the contributions timely by virtue of converging on an important topic, but they also commemorate more than five years of Grant Foundation support. Once the topic was chosen, a small number of guests were invited to participate. The papers of Timiras, Sackett, Konner, and Lamb represent dif fering perspectives from neurobiology, primatology, cultural anthropology, and social psychology. Contributions from DPRG members add perspectives from psychiatry, pediatrics, developmental and clinical psychology, and be havioral genetics. According to plan, some of the papers of this interdiscipli nary forum represent original work, others are theoretical, and still others suggest new approaches. Because we have obtained volume commentaries from two senior inves tigators, we will not offer an overview of our own. A conceptual orientation to the topic can be found in the introductions of many of the individual chap ters. Further, if we have done our editorial work appropriately, each chapter can be understood as a self-contained piece. ix x PREFACE In addition to the Grant Foundation, we would like to acknowledge the encouragement and support of a number of key individuals. Rene Spitz was an active participant in the early days of the DPRG, and his active question ing, vigor, and enthusiasm in the last years of his life have been an inspiration for our group which persists to the present. I. Charles Kaufman, an original member of the DPRG who provided the leadership for our group in its early days, was, in many ways, its prime mover. Although he is no longer in Den ver, he is still an important colleague. Donald Stilson gave invaluable statisti cal advice for design and data presentation on many studies reported in this volume. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the outstanding administra tive and secretarial assistance of Maxine Conlon on various aspects of this volume. ROBERT N. EMDE J. ROBERT HARMON Contents PART I PERSPECTIVES FROM PRIMATE BEHAVIOR AND NEUROBIOLOGY Chapter 1 Can Single Processes Explain Effects of Postnatal Influences on Primate Development? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gene P. Sackett Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Nongenerality of Isolation Rearing Effects 5 Effects of the Fetus on Its Mother . 8 Conclusions 11 Abstract . 11 References . 11 Chapter 2 Infant Monkeys' Achievement of Temporal Coherence with Their Social Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 Clare F. Haynes, Ted D. Wade, and Thomas Z. Cassell Introduction . . . . . . . . 13 The Research Problem . 13 A Primate Model ... 15 The Social Group as an Organized Population 15 Method .............. . 16 The Group and Its Environment . 16 Observational Protocol. . . . 17 xi
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