Copyright and use of this thesis This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author - subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Copyright Service. sydney.edu.au/copyright P=WI I I Yooroang Garang: School of Indigenous Health Studies I I The University of Sydney I The development of a culturally sensitive I questionnaire related to Alcohol and other Drug use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander I women. I by I I Paige Dowd I Submitted as part of course requirement for I Honours Degree I Yooroang Garang: School of Indigenous Health I Studies The University of Sydney I Supervisor's Signature: I ______2 000 Date of Submission: I I I I I I I Foreword I There are many issues relating to the reasons why I chose this I research project. Unfortunately I have lost a number of my close I relatiyes to the use and misuse of Alcohol and other Drugs (A&OD), I and their effects. I It is hoped that the information provided in this Thesis, along with the I developed questionnaire, will impact on the attitudes and patterns of I A&OD use not only for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, I but all women. It is hoped that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in particular will use their inner spiritual powers, strength and I cultural beliefs to help motivate them to quit. It is also hoped that this I Thesis will give women the strength to try, for the sake of their health, I their children's health, their families' health as well as the future I health of Aboriginal communities to kick their habits or at least decrease consumption, especially when pregnant. I ,I I do not intend to offend or degrade Aboriginal and Torres Strait I Islander women who do use A&OD, however. I merely want to provide you with the facts! I ,If Page 2 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 'I I I I Abstract I I This Thesis is Phase 1 of a larger study addressing the use and I misuse of Alcohol and Other Drugs (A&OD) by Aboriginal and Torres I' Strait Islander women particularly during pregnancy. It notes that specific statistics relating to this target group are not readily I accessible owing to the under - identification of Aboriginal and Torres I Strait Islander women through the information-gathering methods I which have been in use for a number of years. The study reviews the literature on A&OD and it's effects in general and notes that there is a I need for literature specifically designed to inform Aboriginal and I Torres Strait Islander women about this issue. A historical overview I - explains colonisation stress and it's social impacts on Aboriginal and I Torres Strait Islander communities. Participatory research is used as I a means of involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in focus groups with the aim of developing a culturally sensitive I questionnaire which could be implemented in -Phase 2 of this study. ,I The questionnaire developed aims to address under identification I problems by making available a culturally sensitive tool, aimed specifically to cater for the target group, raising awareness, creating I I' Page 3 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 t I I I discussion and generally educating community members about the I extent of this problem. This research is one possible stepping stone I on the way to heightened awareness of the importance of community consultation as a means of cultural re - empowerment. In conclusion I the research study was a positive process benefiting both the I participants and the researcher. I I ,I I I'· I I I I I I I Page 4 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other, I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I I ·1 I Acknowledgements I I would like to acknowledge and thank: I I • All of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women who I participated in this research study, without you this research study would not have been possible. I' I • All the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who contacted I me in support of this research study. I • All of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men who contacted I me in support of this research study. Your concerns and support I confirm that this is not only an issue for Aboriginal and Torres I Strait Islander women but the community as a whole. I • My Supervisor Or Zakia Hossain for the time that you have I provided throughout this research study, your valuable research I skills and your commitment towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait I Islander women's health I Page 5 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I I I I • Honors Co - ordinator Or Freidoon Khavarpour for the support that I you have provided throughout this research study. I • Yooroang Garang - School of Indigenous Health Studies for the I use of your administrative equipment and financial support. I I • All staff at Yooroang Garang especially, Susan Page for your I support and encouragement in the beginning. John Grootjans for your advice and support throughout the entire research study I process. Shayne Williams for your moral support, valuable II research advice and community knowledge. There should be I more Indigenous academic staff like yourself, without your I academic skills, encouragement and cultural input this research I; study would not have been completed in such detail. I • My tutor Or Valerie Oelpech for the time that you have allowed for I this research study, the encouragement, support and friendship I over the past two years. The valuable writing and research skills that you have taught me have enabled me to produce the quality I of information that is included within this Thesis. I Page 6 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I I I I • My Tutor Vee Spak, the experience and wisdom that you possess I have demonstrated the wealth of knowledge that you have I developed over time. You have provided me with an abundance of your precious time and this has enabled this Thesis document I to be of the quality that it is. I I • All of my co-students for your support and friendship throughout I my studies. I • Aboriginal Housing Company Directors and Staff for your support I in this research study. Without your administrative support this I Thesis would not have been possible. I • EORA Centre in Redfern for the support and provision of the I meeting room for all Focus Group discussions at no cost. Your I generosity has enabled this research process to be a success. I I • ATSIC State and Regional Office Staff particularly Alan Hedger, Lisa Dunshay and Jenny Riley for your personal, professional and I I Page 7 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I I I I administrative support. Thank you also for the provision of the I Information folders. I • Carly Sutherland and Richard McGlone for helping with I preparation and provision of food for Focus Group participants. I' I • Nanny Rose for the fond memories of your mothering throughout I my child-hood life. My grandfather Jack for the fond memories that you have enable my mother to pass on to us about the I "Pond a Rosa". I I • My Grandmother Jopherette, although I never had the opportunity I to connect with you physically, you have been with me spiritually. I • My Nanny Julia for rearing my father and instilling your wonderful I ways in him. I I • My poppy Cecil for the fond memories of the times we used to spend together. I I Page 8 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I I I I • All of my grandparents for your; courage, love and strength during I the depression, and for persisting with society and surviving the I' battles in this struggle. I • Mum and Dad for the stability that you have provided throughout I my life. I will never forget the support and guidance that you have ,I given me. Your loving, sharing and caring ways have helped me I to wade through life. I am also grateful for and appreciate your cultural beliefs, morals and stories that you have shared with me I during my life. I I • My sister Naomi, brother in law Paul and their children Paul Junior I (PJ), Alicia, Luke and Dane for their support and assistance with Djanni and Maia. I I • My sister Leah (sissy) and brother Brian (Bud), for just being there. I I • The Mc Glone whanau, especially Nanny Wiki for the endless aroha she shows her mokos, Maia and Djanni. I I Page 9 of 193 The development of a culturally sensitive questionnaire related to Alcohol and other I Drugs use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, © Paige Dowd, 2000 I
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