The development and partial validation of a care-based measure of moral development

150 Pages·2006·3.42 MB·English

by  Skoe, Eva Elisabeth

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THIS DISSERTATION LA THESE A ETE
HAS BEEN MCROFItMED MICROFILM~ET E N Q UE
EXACTLY AS RECEfVEO NOUS L'AVONS RECUE
THE DEVELOPMENT A#D PARTIAL VALIDATION OF
CARE-BASED MEASURE OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
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by
Eua Elisabeth Skoe . -
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
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THE REWIR ESENTFSC RTHED~F GREE
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY'
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in the Department
Psychology
e Eva Elisabeth Skoe 1986
SIMOK FRASER UNIVERSiTY
'November 1 986
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APPROVAL
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Name : Eva Efisabeth Skoe
Degree Doctor of Philosophy
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thesis: Development and Partial Validation of 2
Care-Based Measure of Moral Development
Examining Committe-e:
Chairman : Dr. Marilyn L. Bowman
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Sam-&krE.
epior Superv
Dr. Dennks ,L Are&\
Dr , Ravond F. Koopman
Dr. ~eredit-.hM , Kimball
Dr. Carof Gilligan
External ~xaminer,
Graduate School of Education,
Harvard University
Date Approved: September 20, 7986
PARTIAL COPt9lGHT LICENSE
C
I hereby grant to Simn Fraser Unlverslty the right to la~d
my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below)
to users of the Slwn Fraser University Llbrery, and to make partial or 4
single copies only for such users or In response 30 a request frm the
library of any other unlvurslty, or other educational lnstitutlon, on
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for multiple copying of this roFk for scholarly purposes ma-y be - g-r -a n-t- e d - -
_- by-m-or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying
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or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be &Itowed
without my written permission.
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TItIe bf Thesis/Projsct/Extended Essay --.
Author:
lsignsturef
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ABSTRACT ,
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This study involved the development and partial "validation
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of a care-oriented measure of moral development based upon Carol
Gilligan's theory. The relationship of this newly-developed
measure to ego identity and20 Kohlberg's justice-oriented
.system was also investigated.
Several researchers concerned with sex di f ferenGspinmTral
development have found that women t-ypic ally score lower than men
on Kohlberg's mvsur$..Gilligan suggested that this difference
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might disappear if moral development were defined appropr;ately
differe$tially fo'r men and women.
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Gilligan has delineated various leveis of "the Ethic of
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Care" that p rport to represent women's m0r development. The
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main purpose of the present study was to construct and validate
a measureof moral-dwefopmem (ECI-) based--upon-Gil-rigan's
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description of feminine care-based levels of moral thought. In
order to determine construct validity, the relationship between
the ECI and ego identity was examined. Also, a ~ohlbergian
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measure of morality was included to estabJ2sh soncurrent
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validity.
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Eighty-six female undergraduate students between the ages of
seventeen ana twenty-six were seen individually by two female
- experimenters. The two morality tests were a-dministere8 by
different experimenters,and the order of t'he two tests was
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count,e~rba~ancrd.T he identity interview wac "vei b s ~ ~ - k h - i
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twd morality measures, 0
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Inter-rater reliabilities using three independeht r-ater s '
were in the .go's and .901s, indicatinp that the Ethic of Care ->? i
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stages can be determined with a fair degree of inter-scorer -
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ayement. A significant positive correlation between the
Kohlbergian measure and Phe ECI was found. The ECI was also.
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significantly related to age. As hypothesized, subjects high on
the ECI were higher i n identity than subjects'low on the ECI,
and the ECI was found to discriminate better among the identity
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- statuses than,the Kohlbergian te--s- t .-- -
T,his study supports ~illigan'st heory that there afe various
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stagek of the Ethic of Care and it suggests that these may
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foliou a develepmental sequence. The implications for fut~ure
research are discussed.
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P
n F l n. u l r r n b l
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r This tkesis is dedicated to Jesus Christ who provided the
inspiration and strength to co. mplete the work with joy admist
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the darkest years of rny'i lq*,. ife. t
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It is also dedicated to my ,(cid:129)’ather, Jens 9ge- Nbwad ~ ~ ~ a a s ,-
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. whose deep wish to live until I receivmd''my doctoral degree was -
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not granted. He died on March 20, /' 1986. "I learned from him the
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meaning of Satherly love, and that gave me an idea of tYhe lo& :
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of our heavenly Father, the only unshakeable thing in life, the
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true Archirnedian pointn (~ierke~aard1,8 40).
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I am indebted to thq members of my committee, Drs. ~arcia,
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Krebs, Ley and Koopman for' their invaluable help and support.
Special recognition is given to my senior ~ ~ ~ e r v i s oDrr., James
/t.larcia. His wisdom, knowledge and faith in this project made all
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the di f f erence.
I also wis-h- to-f ihank the many friend-s a-n d stu-d ents wh--o--
expressed their interest and support by participating in var ioL&
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stages of the research. A very special thank you to Denise Foisy
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who gav,e'generously of her time and talent, helping me collect
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and rate all the interviews. Also many thanks to, Ross Powell and
Trevor Priest far scoring the Kohlbergian measure and for their
helpful comments.'
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Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of t
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participants i n t3iis --r e--s e-a- r--c -h -l e-th -ew o- men who in -o p-e-n -l- y --s -h- a-r ing --
their thoughts and experiences, provided the data for this
thesis.
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Approval ii
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Abstract t - iii
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~edication v
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Acknowledgements vi
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List of Tables x
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List. of Figures- xi
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I. INTRODUCTION 1
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he Issue of Women's Developm 3''ent and Psychological-
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Theory 1 C
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Moral Development and ~dentity or mat ion 3
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Erikson's Theory of Ego Identity Devel.o pment 6
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Ego Identity Statuses &....................... 7
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Research on Sex Differences in Identity Development 8
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development 13
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Researchon _S_e_x-wrencesi n :Moral Development 1-7---
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Gilligan's Theory of oral Development 27
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C~rrentS tudy 37
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II. METHOD 40
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Subjects 4.0
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Measures 40
Pilot study ....................................5.1. ......
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~nterviewersa nd Raters 52
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Procedure 54
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111. RESULTS h/ 56