The Developing Common Market PDF
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The Developing Common Market By the same author THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK (editor) EVERYMAN'S DICTIONARY OF ABBREVIATIONS WORLD LEGISLATURES THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK WORLD GAZETTEER EUROPEAN POLITICAL FACTS 1815-1918 (with Chris Cook) EUROPEAN POLITICAL FACTS 1918-1973 (with Chris Cook) SMUGGLING (with John Wroughton) TRADE IN THE COMMON MARKET COUNTRIES (with Arthur Walsh) TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES OF THE COMMON MARKET AND EFTA COUNTRIES (with Arthur Walsh) COMPETITION POLICY (with Arthur Walsh) The Developing Common Market John Paxton ISBN 978-1-349-02760-6 ISBN 978-1-349-02758-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02758-3 ©John Paxton and A. E. Walsh 1968, 1972 © John Paxton and Mrs L. Walsh 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 978-0-333-19018-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission Firs.t edition under the title The Structure and Development of the Common Market 1968 Second edition under the title Into Europe 1972 (both published by Hutchinson) Third edition (completely revised) first published 1976 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras SBN 333 19018 1 This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement TO THE MEMORY OF ARTHUR WALSH 18 January 1895-14 October 1974 an energetic student of European business studies Contents Acknowledgements viii Preface IX Post-War Europe I 2 The Terms of Britain's Entry into the E. E. C. 21 3 The Treaties of Rome and Brussels 29 4 The Institutions of the European Communities 52 5 The Tariff Structure 60 6 Community Law in the Member-States 71 7 The Social and Development Funds and Investment Bank 76 8 Agriculture and Fisheries 81 9 Sales and Turnover Taxation 109 10 The Rules of Competition 121 11 Industrial Property: Patents and Trade Marks 132 12 Social Security 138 13 Mobility of People and Capital 145 14 Trade Unions 152 15 A Common Transport Policy 156 16 The European Coal and Steel Community and Euratom 161 17 Regional Policy 193 18 Agreements of Association and Trade 202 Statistical Appendix 226 Some Suggestions for Further Reading 230 Index 233 Acknowledgements Over many years I have received help from officials of the Commis sion of the European Communities in Brussels and London. I am particularly grateful to Richard Mayne in London and Jack Peel in Brussels. I should also like to thank Dr. Walter Rosenberger of Keesing's Contemporary Archives, and again my gratitude goes to the indexer, Mrs. D. Fetherstonhaugh, and to Mrs. P. White for excellent typing. But above all I am extremely grateful for the hard work under taken in the pre-planning stage of this book by Arthur Walsh before his death in the autumn of 1974. Preface The Treaty of Rome is one of the most remarkable documents in the social and economic history of the western world. It is explicit in providing for complete economic union so that goods, people and capital will be able to pass over the national boundaries of the mem ber countries as freely as they can move inside any one country today. No past attempt at federation, whether successful or not, can be compared with the magnitude of the task formally begun in 1957. Of the millions of words written and spoken about the European Economic Community since the signing of the Treaty of Rome the majority concerned international and European trade. Indeed the expression 'Common Market' was unfortunate in that the general public could well have believed that the E.E.C. was just another customs union. In recent years much more concern and action has been taken on human and social problems of the E.E.C. and it is in these areas where important decision making will take place in the next five years. On the horizon lies political union. JOHN PAXTON Bruton, Somerset Summer 1975 1 Post-War Europe If history demands a date for the most important event in the move ment which led to the creation of the European Economic Com munity that date might well be Tuesday, 9 May 1950. It was on that day, at four o'clock in the afternoon, that the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Robert Schuman, announced at a press con ference that his Government had decided to place the entire complex of coal and steel production in France and Germany under a common High Authority in an organisation which would also be open to participation by other West European countries. If history demands names with which to associate the process of crystallising out the solution containing all the ingredients of a new order in Europe, these names are certainly Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman. Monnet was an administrator. Administrators need politicians to put forward their ideas. Throughout the entire period of the chain of events from which the European Economic Com munity evolved, it is the partnership between Monnet, the adminis trator, and Robert Schuman, the politician, to which must be attributed the responsibility for the preparation of the plan and for its launching. Throughout the long period of the instability of successive govern ments in France from 1945 onwards and their short and tempestuous lives, the name Schuman persists, once as Premier for a short time, but for almost all the time as Foreign Minister. Even the Bidault Government, which was in office at the time of the announcement of the Schuman Plan, only lasted until24 June 1950; but Schuman still remained Foreign Minister in the subsequent governments. Although he was neither by temperament nor by political educa tion a believer in economic determinism, it was Schuman, above all his contemporaries, who demonstrated that while economic motives had for generations supplied the reason and the temptation to resort to war to settle national aspirations economic motives and resources could equally be orientated towards making war impossible. The war left behind in its aftermath many Europeans with faith
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