THE DERIVATION AND APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE WORLD WAR II PHYSICAL RECONDITIONING PROGRAM TO THE UNIVERSITY PROGRAM

264 Pages·10.84 MB·English

by  MCBRIDE, MATT L

Sponsoring Coi.Buittee: Professor Leonard n. Larson, Chairman;
Pi'ofesoor Villiairi p. oeurc and Professoi’ noland H. Spaulding
THTs DExsIVATUN AHI> aiTLICATION OP Tiff.
PalNCIPirO Of THU WOULD Woo II
PHYSICAL ^.CONDITIONING PUOGkAw
TO Tiff' UHIVSublTY ruOGnAtt
i-iA'I’f L. x.cx^IDP
-iubuitted in partial fulfillm ent of the
requirements fox* the co^ op of Doctor o f
'".ducatIon in the ochool of T’ducation of
Pew York University
r°
]
F:c "C Cricxtetv
4c ce pL
I hereby .-air-rrmty that no ’;,rt of f-'ic d issertatio n
vhich I an sxibnittinr for uublication has oecr. heretofore nub-
lished and (or) co-lyrichted in the United States of Anorica,
erce t in the cure of oay 'r.rcr quoted fro ^ other niblirhed
sources; and that I an the cole author and oro orictor of this
dissertation; and. that this dissert: tion cont.' ins no n atter
vhich, if niblished, w ill .>e libelous or otkerwi-e injurious,
or infringe in any way the co yrifht of .any other >arty; and
that I w ill defend, indemnify ;md hold iv.raless Hew York Uni­
v ersity a.■-.-.inst a ll suits and -roceedinr" which mn.y he Lrouyht
and i'.r.” inst a ll claims vhich •■’.ay he undo ;.r inst lie” York Uni­
v ersity by r a s on of the •rublir ti n of th is dissert'.tion.
Matt L. Mchride
Seat. 6, 1952
Sponsoring Committee: Professor A. Larson,
Professor Roland Spaulding and
Professor William P. Sears, Jr.
An abstract of
The Derivation and Application of the Principles
of the World War II Physical Reconditioning Program to
the University Program
Matt L. McBride
Submitted in partial fulfillment of tne
requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Education in the School of Education of
Nev York University
1952
The Derivation and Application of the Principles
of the World War II Physical Reconditioning Program to
the University Program
Matt L. McBride
The Problem
The problem is to derive, validate, and apply the
principles of the programs of World War II physical re­
conditioning to the university program. There are three
phases of the problem:
1. The derivation of the principles vhich are in­
herent in the programs of World War II physical recondi­
tioning.
2. The validation of the principles through the use
of the literatu re and a jury.
3. The application of the principles to the university
physical reconditioning program.
The Method of Investigation Followed
The method of investigation can be described in four
steps:
1. Determining the sources of the literature of the
World War II physical reconditioning program.
2. Establishing a plan for the organization of the
principles of the WTorld War II physical reconditioning pro­
gram.
3. Selecting and developing the principles according
to the organizational plan of five major groups.
J+. Validating the application of the principles to the
university program.
The Findings
As a result of the study the findings of the investi­
gator are presented:
1. The literatu re of the World War II physical re­
conditioning is large. There are both civilian sources, and
m ilitary sources. However, the bulk of the references are
grouped in the la tte r classification.
2. The principles of the World War II physical recondi­
tioning program vere developed according to five major
groups. These five major groups are:
(1.) The objectives of the physical reconditioning
program.
(2.) The organization and administration of the
physical reconditioning program.
(3.) The program of physical reconditioning
a c t iv it ie s .
(4.) The leadership phase of the physical r e ­
conditioning program.
(5.) The evaluation phase of the physical r e ­
conditioning program.
3. Thirty-one principles were derived from the World War
II physical reconditioning program. These p rin cip les, l i s t ­
ed under the five major groups, are as follow s;
Group I. The Principles Which Relate to the O bjectives of
the Physical Reconditioning Program.
1. The principle o f maintenance.
2. The principle o f acceleration.
3. The principle o f restoration.
4. The principle o f psychological readjustment.
5. The principle o f physical fitn e ss for c iv ilia n
lif e .
Group II. The Principles Which Relate to the Organization
and Administration of the Program of Physical Re­
conditioning.
o. The principle of c la ssific a tio n .
7. The principle of determining the onset o f con­
valescence.
6. The principle o f patient id e n tific a tio n .
9. The principle of examination and r e c la s s ific a ­
tion o f p atients.
10. The principle o f general medical diagn osis.
11. The p rin cip le o f p atien t o rien tatio n .
12. The principle of caring for and selectin g
equipment.
13. The principle of scheduling a c tiv itie s .
Group III. The Principles Which Relate to the Physical
Reconditioning Program of A ctiv ities.
A. The remedial exercise program of a c tiv it ie s .
14. The principle of medical diagnosis for r e ­
medial exercises.
15 • The principle o f the ”why and how” of the re­
medial exercises.
16. The principle of recovery from muscle atrophy.
17. The principle of increasing the range o f motion,
13. The principle of arranging d isa b ility groups.
19. The principle of the therapeutic value o f re­
medial exercises.
B. The C onditioning E xercise Program of Activities.
20. The p r in c ip le o f the p h y sio lo g ica l tolerance
o f th e e x e r c ise s.
21. The p rin cip le of the a lter n a tio n of the ex­
e r c is e s .
22. The p r in c ip le o f the conduct o f the program.
23* The p rin cip le o f program uniform ity and content.
24. The p rin cip le o f the gradual progression of the
e x e r c ise s.
25. The overload p rin cip le.
26. The p rin cip le of "set d r i l l s . ”
27. The p rin cip le o f antom ical and physiological
d iffe r e n c e s .
C. The Adapted Sports Program of A ctiv ities.
23. The P rin cip le of s e le c tin g a program of
adapted sp o rts.
D. The Aquatic Therapy Program of A ctiv ities.
29. The p rin cip le o f se le c tin g a program of
th erap eu tic aq u atics.
Group IV. The P rin c ip le Which r e la te s to the Leadership Phase
o f the program.
30. The p rin cip le o f the personal qu alities of
lea d ersh ip for th e program.
Group V. The P rin cip le Which R elates to the Evaluation Phase
of the Program.
31. The p rin cip le o f program evaluation.
4 . According to the ratin g given by the jury of ten leaders
in u n iv e r sity p h y sica l recon d ition in g the thirty-one principles
o f the World War II ph ysical recond itioning program were found
to apply in varying degrees to the u n iv e r sity physical recondi­
tio n in g program as follow s:
(1.) T w enty-five p rin cip les were rated in the first
category of im portance.
(2.) One p rin cip le was rated in the second category
o f importance.
(3.) Two p rin cip les were rated in the third category
o f importance.
(4.) Two p rin cip les were rated in the fourth category
o f import anc e .
(5.) Two p rin cip les were rated in the fifth category
o f importance. (Do not apply at a ll.)
4.
5. The r e lia b ility of the jury ratings was found to be
r a .&7 which according to current standards is considered
to be acceptable.
OP CONTENTS
CHAPTER pag®
I THE INTRO DWrSSJP*.. • . . ............ 1
The Stat#®-**^^ m cf the Problem. ............ 2
The A e i ..i. » « . ....... .. ................ 5
The _one**. <. * . . . . . . . . . . . » . . . . . . . . . * 1*** 5
The DeflfllH^^^n ± of Term s, «•«»•»»••»»••*••••»••••. 5
The 31gnt^®^ft»j.ce of th e R esearch ........ 6
II THE HlJTORWlft ^A iaOKGROUND OP THE WORLD WAR II
PHYSICAL RB$SK®^T*«iONlNG PROGRAM..................................... 15
The Origin the World War II Physical 15
Recondll&’^ njs.in.g fro g r sm»«... •• ................
Ill THE PROOEDMft '^rZLIZED IN THE DERIVATION AND
APPLICATIOH & *^HHE PRINC XPLES.................. 25
Determinant % n e Sources of the Literature of
the Wllw WWar II Physical Reconditioning
Progri®* 25
» ^ « • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Estabilising; eg Plan f o r the Organization of
the Prfc*^ t^poles of th e World War II Physical
Recondl’MM^nraing Program ............................ 55
Selecting 1 ^ ^ Principles According to the
School ^^ilAowed a. 3 Established in the Or-
gahUit-l^^eal pien fo r the P rin cip les............... 56
The V all<«M ^m of th e Application of the Prin­
ciple la 'thne Univer sity Physical Recondi­
tion 1a® P^ccDgram.• •• • » 59
17 THE DERIVAf*^ AT^ND VALIDATION OP THE PRINCIPLES
OP THE WORLB «4*R II PHYSICAL RECONDITIONING
P ROGRAM. • • . . • » ^ » m ...... . . ....................I ....* ^
The Seloei&f^h of the Principles for Group I
(The ©^H^ctt-tives o f the World War II Physical
Reconllfl^craning Program)«• • • ................... 5©
The SelHM^h of the Principles for Group II
(The ftf^pantization. and Administration of the
World I I I Physical Reconditioning Program) 70
The Selnt>tei<^*i of the Principles for Group III
(The flawed War II Physical Reconditioning
Progr*»» ' A ctiv ities).................................................. 96
Thi fy*t&s edial Exercise Program of Activities 96
The S^no.d it toning Exercise Program............... 112
The g ra n te d Sports Phase of the World War
53 PffTiysical Reconditioning Program...... 140
The fl^ei-rapeutic Aquatic Phase of the World
I II Physical Reconditioning Program. .1^5
- ii **
CHAPTER Page
The Selection of the Principles for Group IV
(The Leadership for the World War II
Physical Reconditioning Program)................................ 154
The Selection of the Principles for Group V
(The Evaluation of the World War II Physical
Reconditioning Program).................................................. 161
V THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE WORLD WAR II
PHYSICAL RECONDITIONING PROGRAM TO THE UNIVERSITY
PROGRAM................................................................................................... 169
The General Objectives of the University Physical
Reconditioning Program..................................................... 169
Facts Relative to the University Physical Re­
conditioning Program............................................................ 172
The Plan for the Validation of the Application
of the Thirty-one Principles to the University
Program. ............................................................................. 174
The Data Obtained for the Validation of the
Application of the Principles........................................ 175
The Analysis and Interpretation of the Data
Obtained............................................ 180
The Thirty-one Principles of the World War II
Physical Reconditioning Program as They Apply to
the University Program......................... 187
The Objectives of the University Physical
Reconditioning Program.......................................... 188
The Organization and Administration of the
University Physical Reconditioning
Program. .................................................................... 189
The Physical Reconditioning Program of
A ctivities.................................................................... 197
The Remedial Exercise P rogram .......... 197
The Conditioning Exercise Phase of
the Program..................................................... 199
The Adapted Sports Phase of theP rogram 200
The Therapeutic Aquatics Phase of the
Program........................................................... 200
The Leadership Phase of the University
Physical Reconditioning Program...................... 200
The Evaluation of the University Physical Re­
conditioning Program.............................................. 201
VI SUMMARY, FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................. 202
Summary............................................................................................. 202
Findings........................................................................................... 204
Recommendations.......................................................................... 207
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 212
APPENDIX...................................................................................................................... 222
- i ii -
LIST OF TABLES
table face
I Summary of Batinas for Jury Members
Group A ........................................................................ 1?U
II Summary of ratings for Jury Members
Group B ........................................................................ 17G
III Results of Ratings for Jury members for Groups
A and B Combined............................................................... lol
IV Rating of Principles According to Categories
of Importance.................................................................... 1&3
- iv -