T H E C O N N E C T I O N How al Qaeda’s Collaboration with Saddam Hussein Has Endangered America S T E P H E N F. H AY E S To Sergeant First Class Curtis “Paco” Mancini and the many heroes of the War on Terror “Because the job is never done” CONTENTS PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION xv Chapter One CASE OPEN: WHO IS AHMED HIKMAT SHAKIR? 1 Chapter Two A SKEPTICAL PRESS 10 Chapter Three SADDAM FINDS RELIGION 32 Chapter Four SADDAM AND OSAMA STRIKE BACK 45 Chapter Five A HOME FOR TERROR 62 Chapter Six “THE FATHER AND GRANDFATHER OF TERRORISTS” 78 viii CONTENTS Chapter Seven CLINTON’S “CLOUD OF FEAR” 94 Chapter Eight THE CONNECTION MAKES THE PAPERS 117 Chapter Nine WHAT HAPPENED IN PRAGUE? 128 Chapter Ten ACT GLOBALLY 153 Chapter Eleven ANSAR AL ISLAM 158 Chapter Twelve SEE NO EVIL 177 EPILOGUE 187 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 193 ABOUT THE AUTHOR CREDITS COVER COPYRIGHT ABOUT THE PUBLISHER PREFACE This book is the product of more than two years of covering the War on Terror and Iraq for the Weekly Standard. That reporting includes several trips to the Middle East; three to Iraq. It draws on sources built in that time and includes hundreds of inter- views with former Iraqi military officers; Iraqi immigrants to the United States; senior officials in the new Iraqi government, in Europe, and in the Middle East; current and former U.S. in- telligence officials; soldiers and officers in the U.S. military; and senior policy makers in both the Clinton and Bush ad- ministrations. Wherever possible, I identify my sources by name. The sen- sitive nature of some of the information in this book makes it impossible to do so in every case. Much of the information in this book comes from “open sources,” those readily available to anyone with patience and a computer. The U.S. intelligence community has long been skeptical of open-source reporting. That is changing. John C. Gannon, then chairman of the National Intelligence Council, addressed these changes in an October 6, 2000, speech. Open- source reporting, he said, “is more important than ever in the
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