The Concise Focal Encyclopedia of Photography PDF
Preview The Concise Focal Encyclopedia of Photography
The Concise Focal Encyclopedia of Photograph y PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd ii 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3355 PPMM This page intentionally left blank The Concise Focal Encyclopedia of Photography From the First Photo on Paper to the Digital Revolution MICHAEL R. PERES, MARK OSTERMAN, GRANT B. R OMER, NANCY M. STUART , Ph.D., J. TOMAS LOPEZ AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Else vier PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd iiiiii 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3377 PPMM Acquisitions Editor: Diane Heppner Publishing Services Manager: George Morrison Senior Project Manager: Brandy Lilly Associate Acquisitions Editor : Valerie Geary Assistant Editor: Doug Shults Marketing Manager: Christine Degon Veroulis Cover Design: Alisa Andreola Interior Design: Alisa Andreola Focal Press is an imprint of Else vier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reser ved. No part of this publication ma y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written per mission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Else vier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ((cid:2)44) 1865 843830, fax: ((cid:2)44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://else vier.com), by selecting “Suppor t & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining P ermissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whene ver possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is a vailable from the British Librar y. ISBN: 978-0-240-80998-4 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at www.books.elsevier.com 07 08 09 10 11 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd iivv 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3377 PPMM Contents Contributors vii Photography Programs in the 20th Photographers and Image Century Museums, Galleries, and Contributors ix Collections 94 About the Editors xv Lynne Bentley-Kemp Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Photographic Higher Education in the United States 100 Nancy M. Stuart History and Evolution of Photography 1 Photographic Workshops: A Changing Mark Osterman and Grant B. Romer Educational Practice 107 Christopher Burnett Contemporary Thoughts on the History of Photography 3 Magazines: The Photographer s’ Press Grant B. Romer in the United States and Great Britain During the Transition Decade of the The Technical Evolution of 1960s 116 Photography in the 19th Centur y 5 David Brittain Mark Osterman Histories, Theories, Criticism 123 Introduction to the Biographies of Gary Sampson Selected Innovators of Photographic Technology 17 African Americans as Photographer s Grant B. Romer and Photographic Subjects 132 David C. Hart Selected Photographs from the 19th Century 33 Biographies of Selected Photographer s Mark Osterman from the 20th Centur y 139 Robert Hirsch, Ken White, and Garie Waltzer Major Themes and Photographers of the 20th Centur y 57 Nancy M. Stuart Contemporary Issues 209 J. Tomas Lopez Photography in the 20th Centur y 59 Nancy M. Stuart A Different Set of Questions for a New Age 211 Photography, Fine Art Photography, and J. Tomas Lopez the Visual Arts: 1900–2001 61 Saul Ostrow Academic and Pedagogical Issues: The Impact of Digital Imaging on Photography and Society in the 20th Photographic Education 213 Century 71 Margaret P. Evans Gretchen Garner Photography and Desire: Fashion, Ethical Photojournalism: Its Authenticity Glamour, and Pornography 84 and Impact 220 Bruce Checefsky John Kaplan v PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd vv 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3377 PPMM vi Contents The Future of Publishing 228 Types of Studios 259 Millard Schisler Joseph DeMaio 100 Years from Now. . . . 232 Photographic Virtual Reality 261 Daniel Burge John (Craig) Freeman Perception, Evidence, Truth, Potlatch, Auction, and the In-between: and Seeing 239 Digital Art and Digital Audiences 266 Richard Zakia A. D. Coleman The Photo Marketplace and The Pressure to Sta y Current 271 Contemporary Image Makers 250 Barry Haynes Daile Kaplan Science as Ar t 282 The Photographic Studio of the 21st Michael R. Peres and David Malin Century 253 Doug Manchee Index 289 PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd vvii 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3388 PPMM Contributors Lynne Bentley-Kemp, Ph.D. David C. Hart, Ph.D. Head of Photography Assistant Professor Florida Keys Community College Cleveland Institute of Art Key West, Florida, USA Cleveland, Ohio, USA David Brittain Barry Haynes AHRC Research Fellow Photographic Author Manchester Metropolitan University Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada Manchester, London, United Kingdom www.barryhaynes.com Daniel Burge Robert Hirsch Research Scientist Light Research Image Permanence Institute Buffalo, New York USA Rochester Institute of Technology www.lightresearch.net Rochester, New York, USA Daile Kaplan Christopher Burnett Vice-President and Director of Photographs Director Swann Galleries, Inc. Visual Studies Workshop New York, New York, USA Rochester, New York, USA http://vsw.org John Kaplan Bruce Checefsky Professor Director College of Journalism and Communications Reinberger Galleries University of Florida The Cleveland Institute of Art Gainesville, Florida, USA Cleveland, Ohio, USA www.johnkaplan.com A. D. Coleman J. Tomas Lopez Independent Photography Critic, Historian, Professor and Curator Art and Art History Staten Island, New York, USA University of Miami http://photocritic.com Coral Gables, Florida, USA Margaret P. Evans David Malin Associate Professor Astronomer/Photographic Scientist Communication/Journalism Department Anglo-Australian Observatory Shippensburg University Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, USA Adjunct Professor of Scientifi c Photography John (Craig) Freeman RMIT University Associate Professor Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Emerson College Boston, Massachusetts, USA Doug Manchee Associate Professor Gretchen Garner School of Photographic Arts and Sciences Photographic Author and Scholar Rochester Institute of Technology Columbus, Ohio, USA Rochester, New York, USA vii PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd vviiii 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3388 PPMM viii Contributor s Mark Osterman Millard Schisler Process Historian School of Print Media George Eastman House International Rochester Institute of Technology Museum of Photography Rochester, New York, USA Rochester, New York, USA Nancy M. Stuar t, Ph.D. Executive Vice President and Provost Saul Ostrow The Cleveland Institute of Art Associate Professor Cleveland, Ohio, USA Chair, Visual Arts and Technologies Head of Painting Garie Waltzer The Cleveland Institute of Art Photographer and Consultant Cleveland, Ohio, USA Photography Program Coordinator (Retired) Editor, Critical Voices in Art, Culture, and Cuyahoga Community College Theory Cleveland, Ohio, USA Routledge, United Kingdom Ken White Michael Peres Associate Professor Professor Fine Art Photography Biomedical Photographic Communications School of Photographic Arts and Sciences School of Photographic Arts and Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester , New York, USA Rochester, New York, USA Richard Zakia, Ph.D. Grant B. Romer Professor Emeritus Director of Conservation School of Photographic Arts and Sciences George Eastman House International Rochester Institute of Technology Museum of Photography Rochester, New York, USA Rochester, New York, USA Gary Sampson, Ph.D. Associate Professor Liberal Arts Associate Dean Graduate Studies The Cleveland Institute of Art Cleveland, Ohio, USA Th e following individuals prepared entries for the 1969 edition of the Focal Encyclopedia of Photography Desk Edition or the Focal Encyclopedia of Photography, 3rd Edition, which have been reproduced in this Edition. Mary Street Alinder H. Harting Arthur Chevalier C.H. Oakden R. Colson M. von Rohr Joseph DeMaio M.E. and K.R. Sw an J.C. Gregor y PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd vviiiiii 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3388 PPMM Photographers and Image Contributors Berenice Abbott Abraham Bogardus Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Arts George Eastman House Collection New York Pubic Library Rochester, New York, USA New York, New York, USA Mathew Brady Ansel Adams George Eastman House Collection Ansel Adams Publishing Rights Trust Rochester, New York, USA Mill Valley, California, USA Adolphe Braun Robert Adams George Eastman House Collection George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Rochester, New York, USA Anne W. Brigman George Eastman House Collection Raymond K. Albright Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Gordon P. Brown Imaging Consultant Thomas Annan Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Nancy Burson George Eastman House Collection Frederick Scott Archer Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Julia Margaret Cameron George Eastman House Collection Eugéne Atget Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Lewis Carroll George Eastman House Collection Anna Atkins Rochester, New York, USA Spencer Collection New York Pubic Library Charles Chevalier New York, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Édouard Baldus George Eastman House Collection Carl Chiarenza Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Thomas Barrow George Eastman House Collection Antoine-Francois Jean Claudet Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA A. Bartlett George Eastman House Collection Chuck Close Rochester, New York, USA George Eastman House Collection Rochester, New York, USA Samuel A. Bemis George Eastman House Collection Commerce Graphics, Ltd, Inc. Rochester, New York, USA New York, New York, USA ix PPrreelliimmss--KK8800999988..iinndddd iixx 66//2200//0077 66::1144::3399 PPMM
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