The Commodore 64 in Action: Sound, Graphics & Filing PDF
Preview The Commodore 64 in Action: Sound, Graphics & Filing
The Commodore 64 in Action Also from Macmillan AdvancedGraphicswith the IBMPersonalComputer Ian O.Angell AdvancedGraphicswith the AcornElectron Ian O.Angell and Brian J.Jones AdvancedGraphicswith the BBCModelBMicrocomputer Ian O.Angell and Brian J. Jones AdvancedGraphicswith the SinclairZXSpectrum Ian O.Angell and Brian J.Jones AssemblyLanguageProgrammingfor the AcornElectron Ian Birnbaum AssemblyLanguageProgrammingfor the BBCMicrocomputer(secondedition) Ian Birnbaum AdvancedProgrammingfor the 16KZX81 MikeCostello UsingYourHome Computer(PracticalProjectsfor theMicro Owner) Garth W.P.Davies BeginningBASIC PeterGosling ContinuingBASIC PeterGosling PracticalBASICProgramming PeterGosling Program YourMicrocomputerinBASIC PeterGosling CodesforComputersandMicroprocessors P.Gosling and Q.Laarhoven MicroprocessorsandMicrocomputers - theiruseandprogramming Eric Huggins MoreRealApplicationsfor the ZX81 and ZXSpectrum Randle Hurley TheSinclairZX81 - Programmingfor RealApplications Randle Hurley Programming inZ80AssemblyLanguage Roger Hutty Z80AssemblyLanguageProgrammingforStudents Roger Hutty BeginningBASICwith the ZXSpectrum Judith Miller Digital Techniques Noel Morris MicroprocessorandMicrocomputerTechnology Noel Morris UsingSoundandSpeech on the BBCMicrocomputer MartinPhillips TheAlien,Numbereater, and OtherProgramsforPersonalComputers - with noteson howthey were written John Race UnderstandingMicroprocessors B.S.Walker ComputerLiteracy:A beginners'guide Vincent Walsh The Commodore 64 In Action Sound, Graphics & Filing M.M. Novak University ofBristol M MACMILLAN © M.M.Novak 1984 All rights reserved.No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or transmitted,in any form or by any means,without permission. Firstpublished1984by Higher and Further Education Division MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD Londonand Basingstoke Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset inGreat Britain by RDL Artset,Sutton,Surrey British Library Cataloguing inPublication Data Novak,M.M. The Commodore 64 in action. 1. Commodore 64 (Computer) - Programming 2. Computersound processing 3. Computer graphics I. Title 001.64'43 QA76.8.C64 ISBN978-1-349-07508-9 ISBN 978-1-349-07506-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-07506-5 Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix ElementsofComputing Constants and variables,Arrays,Operations,Priority ofoperations, Character set, Directand Program modes, Debugging,Enhancing effectiveness ofexecution,Screen Editorsummary,Function keys 2 FileManipulation 14 Sequential files,Relative files,Simple filingsystem 3 EncounteringColourand Graphics 22 Printinggraphics,Colourmanipulation,Graphicscharacters, Screen and colourmemories,High-resolution graphics 4 AdvancedGraphics 44 Sprites,Sprite positioning,Movingthesprites,Definingsprites, Collision detection, Multicolour mode,Definingsprites through graphicscharacters,Character creation,Multicolourgraphicsmode, Basicsofanimation,Screen blanking 5 Sound andMusic 70 Sound creation, ADSR parameters,Musical scale,Codingsheet music,Multiple voices 6 UsingPeripheralDevices 88 Cassette, Disk,Printer Appendix1: TheC-64BASIC VocabularyandSyntax 98 Appendix2: Simons'BASIC 123 Appendix3: TheC-64ErrorMessages 129 Appendix4: TheC-64CHR$Codes 132 Appendix5: The C-64ScreenDisplay Codes 134 Appendix6: TheC-64SpriteAddresses 136 v vi Contents Appendix 7: The C-64SoundAddresses 138 Appendix8: The C-64Note Values 139 Index 142 Detailsofrelated Cassette 145 Preface Although the Commodore 64 is,at the time ofwriting,one ofthe most versatile microcomputersin its category,the ways ofutilising itsmany excellent features are not alwayswellexplained.The UserManual supplied with the computeris rather rudimentary.The general aimofthis bookisto beginwhere that manual finishes.Whilewriting it,Ihave assumed no priorknowledge about the Commodore 64 than the information givenin the manual. Although this book iswritten for beginners,some prior knowledge ofcomputingwould be advantageous. Those who are relatively new to computingshould benefit from reading chapter 1.Severalconceptsessential for effective useofthe machine are intro duced there.Various typesofitems that the Commodore 64 can use, together with possible operationsbetween them,areconsidered. Binary numbers thatare especially neededin graphics and sound are alsodiscussed there. Some means of eliminatingerrorsfrom the programs arealso dealt with. The Commodore 64 iswellsuited for some business applications. Chapter 2 provides an elementary introduction to computer files.Itdescribes the structure ofsequential and relative filesand shows how these may becombined to build a filingsystem. One ofthe strongestfeatures ofthe Commodore 64 isGraphics.There are various means to display acharacteron the screen.The different waysavailable are presented and form the first part ofchapter3.The secondpart deals with the high-resolution mode.This mode enables you to produce displayswith much finer detail. Although the techniquesare somewhatmore difficult than in the low resolution mode, the resulting imagewillgreatly repay yourefforts. Mostofchapter4 isdevoted to sprites. These are high-resolution blocks that can be easilymanipulated. In addition, thischaptershows how to create your own characters. The quality ofsound on the Commodore 64 isvery high. It may be alittle cumbersome to produce, say, asinglenote, but after reading chapter 5you should bewellon the way to program your own music. Allthe necessary con cepts are discussed and clarifiedusingsimple examples. Otherequipment than the TV can beconnected to the Commodore 64. Some ways ofusing the mostcommon devicesare giveninchapter6. Two pro gramsin this chapterwillallowyou to produce acopy oftextaswellasgraphics screens on your printer. vii viii Preface Allthe vocabulary availableon the Commodore 64 islistedinappendix 1. Inaddition,a brief description oftheSimons'BASICfollowsit. Acollectionof useful tablescompletes this book. M.M.NOVAK April1984 Bristol Acknowledgements Iwould like to express my gratitude to D.Camilleri who, by knowinglittle about computing,helpedgreatly in presentingtopics in this book. In addition,my sincere thanks goto MalcolmJ.Stewart and Jon Finegoldof Macmillan whose help and adviceisverymuch appreciated. Last, butnot least, Iwould like to thank GailP.Wellington ofCommodore (UK) Ltd,for assistancegivenduring preparation ofthis bookand for permission to reproduce copyrightmaterial. ix
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